The WhatsApp Application as a Teledentistry Tool in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Cameroon

Introduction: Technological advances have greatly influenced the healthcare sector. The ability to transmit information and deliver services using telecommunication tools continues to transform the way healthcare is delivered around the world. The aim of this study was to highlight the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of oral and maxillofacial surgery patients consulted using the WhatsApp application. Methodology: This was a three-year descriptive study with a retrospective data collection, from 2021 to 2023, of WhatsApp communications between our team and oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Cameroon. In this study, the type/content of messages received, the epidemiological data of practitioners and patients, the various pathologies diagnosed and the procedures performed were evaluated. Results: 319 communications were received for a total of 146 cases. Written messages associated with images (photographs and/or X-rays) were the most frequently received, at 85.62%. Hospitals in urban areas were the most represented at 93.84%. Oral health professionals in the private sector sent more messages (65.75%). In terms of diagnoses, tumour and cystic pathologies were the most common (28.08%), followed by impacted/retained teeth (22.6%). Patients were referred to our hospital for treatment in 62.33% of cases. Conclusion: The WhatsApp application is an easy-to-use telecommunications tool. It facilitates exchanges between practitioners and improves patient care in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Go to the back before going forward:Addressing psychological responses in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation

Helping athletes return to sports participation is a primary goal of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)reconstruction rehabilitation.To facilitate the achievement of this goal,decades of research studies have sought to identify knee impairments that reduce knee function as well as interventions to resolve them.1Yet,over the past 10 years,research pertaining to psychological responses(i.e.,cognitions and emotions)after ACL reconstruction has grown exponentially—a phenomenon that can be visualized by entering the search terms"psychological"and"anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction"into the PubMed search engine.

Association and potential mediators between socioeconomic status and childhood obesity in China:findings from a national cohort study

Objective:Socioeconomic status(SES)is associated with childhood obesity,but the underlying factors remain unknown.This study aimed to identify mediators that may explain SES disparities in childhood obesity in China.Methods:Nationally representative longitudinal data from the China Education Panel Survey of 11 o019 children(13.03±0.79)collected from 2013-2014 to 2016-2017 academic years.Overweight/obesity was defined using Chinese national body mass index cut-points.Principal component analysis was used to convert the four SES indicators(maternal and paternal education,and occupation)into one comprehensive variable.Mediation analysis for SES disparities in childhood obesity was conducted using structure equation models.Results:The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 12.8%,and was higher in boys than in girls(17.8%vs.7.6%,P<0.001)at baseline.Among boys,relative risk(RR)of obesity was 1.23(95%CI:1.09 to 1.40,P<O.001)for per unit change in SES.There was no significant association between obesity and SES among girls.Mediation analyses showed that among boys,birth weight,being the only child in the family and children's selfperceived weight status mediated 70.0%of the effects of SES on obesity.No mediation effect was detected in girls.Conclusions:Chinese boys are more likely to be overweight or obese than girls.SES may impact childhood obesity through birth weight,being the only child in the family and children's self-perceived body weight status in boys,but not in girls.More attention should be made to address childhood obesity in high SES families among boys.Interventions targeting at these mediators are needed.

Adipokines levels are associated with the severity of liver disease in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis

AIM:To investigate the adipokine levels of leptin,adiponectin,resistin,visfatin,retinol-binding protein 4(RBP4),apelin in alcoholic liver cirrhosis(ALC).METHODS:Forty non-diabetic ALC patients[median age:59 years,males:35(87.5%),Child-Pugh(CP)score:median 7(5-12),CP A/B/C:18/10/12,Model for End-stage Liver Disease(MELD):median 10(6-25),follow-up:median 32.5 mo(10-43)]were prospectively included.The serum adipokine levels were estimated in duplicate by ELISA.Somatometric characteristics were assessed with tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis.Pearson’s rank correlation coefficient was used to assess possible associations with adipokine levels.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors for overallsurvival.RESULTS:Body mass index:median 25.9(range:20.1-39.3),fat:23.4%(7.6-42.1),fat mass:17.8(5.49-45.4),free fat mass:56.1(39.6-74.4),total body water(TBW):40.6(29.8-58.8).Leptin and visfatin levels were positively associated with fat mass(P<0.001/P=0.027,respectively)and RBP4 with TBW(P=0.025).Median adiponectin levels were significantly higher in CPC compared to CPA(CPA:7.99±14.07,CPB:7.66±3.48,CPC:25.73±26.8,P=0.04),whereas median RBP4 and apelin levels decreased across the spectrum of disease severity(P=0.006/P=0.034,respectively).Following adjustment for fat mass,visfatin and adiponectin levels were significantly increased from CPA to CPC(both P<0.001),whereas an inverse correlation was observed for both RBP4 and apelin(both P<0.001).In the multivariate Cox regression analysis,only MELD had an independent association with overall survival(HR=1.53,95%CI:1.05-2.32;P=0.029).CONCLUSION:Adipokines are associated with deteriorating liver function in a complex manner in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

Standardization of exercise intensity and consideration of a dose-response is essential.Commentary on "Exercise-linked FNDC5/irisin rescues synaptic plasticity and memory defects in Alzheimer’s models”,by Lourenco et al.,published 2019 in Nature Medicine

Over the past decade,several biochemical pathways have been investigated to understand the underlying mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognition.1,2 Lourenco et al.,3 in an elegant study published in Nature Medicine,examined the relationship between exercise training and hippocampal memory function.Mechanistically,the authors showed that FNDC5/irisin is an important mediator of beneficial effects of physical exercise in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Patent hemostasis of radial artery:Comparison of two methods

BACKGROUND Radial artery obstruction is the most common complication of coronary angiography performed via transradial access.Patent hemostasis can significantly reduce the risk of radial artery occlusion.Previous studies utilized sophisticated methods to evaluate radial artery patency.Simplified and easily applicable methods for successful patent hemostasis are currently lacking.AIM To determine which method(pulse oximeter vs the traditional radial artery palpation)is better to achieve patent hemostasis.METHODS This prospective,single center study included 299 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention between November 2017 and July 2019.Patients less than 18 years old,with a history of radial artery disease,or no palpable artery pulse were excluded from the study.Patients were randomly assigned to two groups.In the first group,radial artery flow was assessed by palpation of the artery during hemostasis(traditional method).In the second group,radial artery patency was estimated with the use of a pulse oximeter.Two different compression devices were used for hemostasis(air chamber and pressure valve).The primary study endpoint was the achievement of successful patent hemostasis.RESULTS The two groups(pulse oximeter vs artery palpation)had no significant differences in age,sex,body mass index,risk factors,or comorbidities except for supraventricular arrhythmias.The percentage of patients with successful patent hemostasis was significantly higher in the pulse oximeter group(82.2%vs 68.1%,P=0.005).A lower percentage of patients with spasm was recorded in the pulse oximeter group(9.9%vs 19.0%,P=0.024).The incidence of local complications,edema,bleeding,hematoma,vagotonia,or pain did not differ between the two groups.In the multivariate analysis,the use of a pulse oximeter(OR:2.35,95%CI:1.34-4.13,P=0.003)and advanced age(OR:1.04,95%CI:1.01-1.07,P=0.006),were independently associated with an increased probability of successful patent hemostasis.The type of hemostatic device did not affect patent hemostasis(P=0.450).CONCLUSION Patent hemostasis with the use of pulse oximeter is a simple,efficient,and safe method that is worthy of further investigation.Larger randomized studies are required to consider its clinical implications.

Study on the toxic effect of the mixture of organophosphorus pesticide on perinatal rats

Objective To observe the toxic effect of the mixture of organophosphorus pesticide (MOP) on maternal rats and on the growth and development of their offspring. Methods Totally 40 Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats were randomly divided into three MOP dose groups and one control to which their offspring would be assigned. The experimental dosage of MOP and distilled water were administered orally starting on gestation day 15 and continued for 35 days. The physical development indices and the learning ability of F1 rats were measured during lactation. The pathological changes of uterus and liver of F0 rats were observed after weaning, while the weight ratio of uterus and some viscera to body of the F1 were examined. Results There were obvious changes of uterus and liver in the high-dose group of F0. The body-weight accretion of the F1 in high-dose group was obviously lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Some of the MOP F1 rats development indices delayed significantly (P<0.05), the learning ability decreased obviously, and the time of setting up memory prolonged (P<0.05). The ratio of the uterus weight to body-weight in the F1 MOP groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The experiment doses of MOP are proved to have significant reproductive toxicity on perinatal rats.

Dental anomalies in first-degree relatives of transposed canine probands

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the inheritance pattern and prevalence of inheritable dental anomalies in a sample of patients with maxillary canine—first premolar transposition and their first-degree relatives with a sample of palatally displaced canine families. Thirty-five consecutive maxillary canine—first premolar transposition probands and 111 first-degree relatives were matched to 35 consecutive palatally displaced canine probands and 115 first-degree relatives. These were assessed for palatally displaced canines and incisor-premolar hypodontia. Parental age at birth of the proband was also noted. The results revealed that（i） there is no difference in the overall prevalence of palatally displaced canine or incisor-premolar hypodontia between the groups of relatives;（ii） first-degree relatives of bilateral palatally displaced canine probands have a higher prevalence of palatally displaced canine and incisor-premolar hypodontia than those with unilateral palatally displaced canine; and（iii） maternal age at birth of the maxillary canine—first premolar transposition probands was significantly higher than that of the palatally displaced canine probands.The results suggest that maxillary canine—first premolar transposition and palatally displaced canine are unlikely to be different genetic entities and also indicate environmental or epigenetic influences on dental development.

Role of self-expanding metal stents in patients with malignant colorectal obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM: To assess the safety and efficacy of self-expandable metal stents(SEMSs) for malignant colorectal obstruction. METHODS: Data regarding technical success, clinical success, and procedure related complications were collected from included studies. Der Simonian-Laird random effects model was used to generate the overall outcome. Thirty international studies with a total of 2058 patients with malignant colorectal obstruction were included. RESULTS: The technical and clinical success rates for SEMS placement were 94%(95%CI: 92-96) and 91%(95%CI: 88-93), respectively. Overall complication rate for SEMS was 23%(95%CI: 18-29). Stent migration8%(95%CI: 6-10) and stent obstruction 8%(95%CI: 6-11) were the most common complications, followed by perforation 5%(95%CI: 4%-7%). Surgical or endoscopic re-interventions were needed in 14%(95%CI: 10-18) of patients. Endoscopic repeat stent placement was required in 8%(95%CI: 6-10), while surgical intervention was needed in 6%(95%CI: 4-8).CONCLUSION: SEMS are effective when used as palliation or bridge to surgery for malignant colorectal obstruction with high technical and clinical success. About 14% of patients require repeat endoscopic or surgical intervention for stent failure or to manage stent related complications.

Upper extremity disorders in heavy industry workers in Greece

AIM To investigate the disability due to musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities in heavy industry workers.METHODS The population under study consisted of 802 employees, both white-and blue-collar, working in a shipyard industry in Athens, Greece. Data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires and the recording of individual and job-related characteristics during the period 2006-2009. The questionnaires used were the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand(QD) Outcome Measure, the Work Ability Index(WAI) and the ShortForm-36(SF-36) Health Survey. The QD was divided into three parameters-movement restrictions in everyday activities, work and sports/music activities-and the SF-36 into two items, physical and emotional. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed by means of the SPSS v.22 for Windows Statistical Package.RESULTS The answers given by the participants for the QD did not reveal great discomfort regarding the execution of manual tasks, with the majority of the participants scoring under 5%, meaning no disability. After conducting multiple linear regression, age revealed a positive association with the parameter of restrictions in everyday activities(b = 0.64, P = 0.000). Basic education showed a statistically significant association regarding restrictions during leisure activities, with b = 2.140(P = 0.029) for compulsory education graduates. WAI's final score displayed negative charging in the regression analysis of all three parameters, with b =-0.142(P = 0.0), b =-0.099(P = 0.055) and b =-0.376(P = 0.001) respectively, while the physical and emotional components of SF-36 associated with movement restrictions only in daily activities and work. The participants' specialty made no statistically significant associations with any of the three parameters of the QD.CONCLUSION Increased musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremity are associated with older age, lower basic education and physical and mental/emotional health and reduced working ability.

Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Survivin in Pleural Effusion

Background: Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis that may be a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker of cancer. Our study is to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of survivin for pleural effusions. Methods: Sixty-five pleural effusion patients were enrolled prospectively. Pleural effusion samples were examined for survivin level by ELISA. Pleural effusions were divided into three groups: Group I, malignant pleural effusion (MPE) (n = 36);Group II, tuberculous pleurisy (TPE) (n = 18);and Group III, transudative pleural effusion (n = 11). The accuracy of diagnosis and the correlation between survivin level and survival in malignant pleural effusions (MPE) were analyzed. Results: Survivin level was 320.50 ± 228.24 pg/ml in MPE, 328.35 ± 146.79 pg/ml in TPE and 318.87 ± 208.39 pg/ml in transudative pleural effusion respectively. ROC curves for MPE versus TPE were analyzed, area under the ROC curve was 0.419, and for the cutoff value of 254.85 pg/ml sensitivity was 44.4% and specificity 55.6%. Survivin had no discriminative power in differentiating exudative effusions of MPE from non-MPE (p = 0.648). There was no correlation between survivin level and age, sex. However, statistically significant difference was found between primary lung carcinoma (238.66 ± 48.19 pg/ml) and extra-pulmonary metastatic carcinomas (435.09 ± 320.62 pg/ml) according to survivin level (p = 0.033). Survivin levels can distinguish patients who had poor prognosis (median survival 96 days) and those who had good prognosis (median survival 206 days) in MPE. Conclusion: survivin levels detected with ELISA had no discriminative power in differentiating exudative effusions included MPE and TPE. However, over-expression of survivin correlates with poor prognosis in cancer patients. Our results suggest that survivin may be a potential prognostic marker in MPE.

随机临床试验:直肠内给予青蒿素甲醚和静脉滴注奎宁治疗乌干达患儿脑型疟疾的比较

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of rectal artemether with intrav enous quinine in the reatment of cerebral malaria in children.Design: Randomised, single blind, clinical trial.Setting: Acute care unit at ulago Hospital, Uganda’s national referral and teaching hospital in Kampala.Participants: 103 children aged 6 onths o 5 years with cerebral malaria.Intervention: Patients were randomised to either intravenous quinine or rectal rtemether for seven days.Main outcome measures: Time to clearance of parasites and fever; time to regaining onsciousness, starting oral intake, and sitting unaided; and adverse effects.Results: The difference in arasitological nd clinical outcomes between rectal artemether and intravenous quinine did not reach significance (parasite clearance time 54.2 (SD 33.6) hours v 55.0 (SD 24.3) hours, P = 0.90; fever clearance time 33.2 (SD 21.9) hours v 4.1SD 18.9 hours, P = 0.08; time to regaining consciousness 30.1 (SD 24.1) hours v 22.67 (SD 18.5) hours, P = 0.10; ime to starting oral intake 37.9 (SD 27.0) hours v 30.3 (SD 21.1) hours, P = 0.14)－.Mortality was higher in the quinine roup than in the artemether group (10/52 v 6/51; relative risk 1.29, 95％confidence interval 0.84 to 2.01).No serious mmediate adverse effects occurred.Conclusion: Rectal artemether is effective and well tolerated and could be used s reatment for cerebral malaria.

婴儿猝死综合征的周末高发生率分析

背景:婴儿猝死综合征(SIDS)周末发生率增加先前已经有研究报道,尽管不是在所有的研究中发现此规律。这种效应在星期天最明显。本研究的目的是:通过对英国收集的资料的分析来确定这种周末效应在进行的“回自己家里睡觉”活动前后变化的程度。方法:收集的资料为来自英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰。

Do Circulating RSV-Genotypes Affect Established Biennial Epidemic Periodicity in Zagreb Region?

Objective: The biennial epidemic pattern of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulation in Croatia has been preserved and could not be related to climatic factors and the predominant RSV subtypes. The possibility that the circulation of different RSV genotypes affect the outbreak cycle in children in Croatia (Zagreb region) over a period of 3 consecutive years was explored in the paper. Methods: The study group consisted of inpatients, aged 0-10 years, who were hospi- talized with acute respiratory tract infections caused by RSV, in Zagreb, over the period from 1 January 2006 to 31 De- cember 2008. The virus was identified in the nasopharyngeal secretion using direct immunofluorescence method. The virus subtype and genotype was determined by real-time PCR and sequence analysis, respectively. Results: RSV infec- tions identified in 731 children. RSV subtype A caused 399 infections, and subtype B 332. Two subtype A genotypes (NA1 and GA5) and three subtype B genotypes (BA7, BA9 and BA10) were found. During persistent RSV biennial cycles namely four succeeding outbreaks, the new genotype from the previous smaller outbreak persevered into the up- coming larger outbreak. Conclusion: Our molecular-epidemiology study of RSV subtypes and genotypes during calen- dar months demonstrates that the biennial RSV cycle cannot be fully explained by the dynamic of the predominant cir- culating genotype of RSV. Other unknown factors account for the biennial cycle of RSV epidemics in Croatia.).

Upper arm composition and nutritional status of school children and adolescents in Abeokuta,Southwest Nigeria

Background:Upper arm composition is a reflection of body protein and calorie reserves.However,there is a paucity of data on upper arm composition of children from African countries,including Nigeria.This study aimed to determine the composition of upper arm and nutritional status of school children in Abeokuta,Nigeria and to compare with international reference standards.The sensitivity and specifi city of upper arm muscle area by height(UAMAH)as a nutritional assessment tool was also determined.Methods:Five hundred and seventy children aged 5 to 19 years were selected from seven schools using multistage random sampling.Weight,height,mid-upper arm circumference(MUAC)and triceps skin fold thickness(TSF)were measured.Body mass index,upper arm muscle area(UAMA),upper arm fat area(UAFA),fat percentage and UAMAH were derived.Results:The TSF,UAFA and fat percentage were significantly higher in females than males at each age group.MUAC and UAMA were significantly higher in female children aged 10-14 years,whereas UAMA was significantly higher in male children aged 15-19 years.UAMA and UAFA of the children were lower than those of Americans but similar to those of Zimbabweans,and higher than those of Indians.The sensitivity and specifi city of UAMAH for detecting wasting were 80.8%and 63.9%,respectively,whereas the corresponding values for stunting were 32.2%and 58.2%,respectively.Conclusions:The school children studied have a combination of poor calorie and protein reserve.UAMAH may be a valuable tool for complete evaluation of the nutritional status of school children.

Applications of biosensors for bacteria and virus detection in food and water–A systematic review

Biosensors for sensitive and specific detection of foodborne and waterborne pathogens are particularly valued for their portability,usability,relatively low cost,and real-time or near real-time response.Their application is widespread in several domains,including environmental monitoring.The main limitation of currently developed biosensors is a lack of sensitivity and specificity in complex matrices.Due to increased interest in biosensor development,we conducted a systematic review,complying with the PRISMA guidelines,covering the period from January 2010 to December 2019.The review is focused on biosensor applications in the identification of foodborne and waterborne microorganisms based on research articles identified in the Pubmed,Science Direct,and Scopus search engines.Efforts are still in progress to overcome detection limitations and to provide a rapid detection system which will safeguard water and food quality.The use of biosensors is an essential tool with applicability in the evaluation and monitoring of the environment and food,with great impact in public health.

The Mechanism of Organophosphorus Pesticide-Induced Inhihition of Cytolytic Activity of Killer Cells

The main toxicity of organophosphorus pesticides （OPs） is neurotoxicity, which is caused by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. OPs also affect immune responses including effects on antibody production, IL-2 production, T cell proliferation, decreasement of CD5 cells, and increasement of CD26 cells and autoantibodies. However, there have been few papers investigating the mechanism of OP-induced inhibition of cytolytic activity of killer cells. This study reviews the new mechanism of OP-induced inhibition of activities of natural killer （NK）, lymphokine-activated killer （LAK） and cytotoxic T lymphocytes （CTL）. NK, LAK and CTL induce cell death in tumor or virus-infected target cells by two main mechanisms. The first mechanism is direct release of cytolytic granules that contain perforin, granzymes, and granulysin by exocytosis to kill target cells, which is called the granule exocytosis pathway. The second mechanism is mediated by the Fas ligand （Fas-L）/Fas pathway. To date, it has been reported that OPs inhibit NK, LAK and CTL activities by at least the following three mechanisms： 1） OPs impair the granule exocytosis pathway of NK, LAK and CTL cells by inhibiting the activity of granzymes, and by decreasing the intracellular level of perforin, granzyme A and grannlysin, which was mediated by inducing degranulation of NK cells and by inhibiting the transcript of mRNA of perforin, granzyme A and granulysin; 2） OPs impair the FasL/Fas pathway of NK, LAK and CTL cells, as investigated by using perforin-knockout mice, in which the granule exocytosis pathway of NK cells does not function and only the FasL/Fas pathway remains functional; 3） OPs induce apoptosis of immune cells. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2006;3（3）：171-178.

Challenges in and lessons learned during the implementation of the 1-3-7 malaria surveillance and response strategy in China: a qualitative study

Background:China has made great progress in malaria control over the last century and now aims to eliminate malaria by 2020.In 2012,the country launched its 1-3-7 surveillance and response strategy for malaria elimination.The strategy involves to case reporting within 1 day,case investigation within 3 days,and focus investigation and public health actions within 7 days.The aim of this study was to evaluate the challenges in and lessons learned during the implementation of the 1-3-7 strategy in China so far.Methods:This qualitative study was conducted in two provinces in China:Gansu province(northwestern China)and Jiangsu province(southeastern China)in 2014.Key informant interviews(n=6)and in-depth interviews(n=36)about the implementation aspects of the 1-3-7 strategy were conducted with malaria experts,health staff,laboratory practitioners,and village doctors at the provincial,city,county,township,and village levels.Results:Broad themes related to the challenges in and lessons learned during the implementation of the 1-3-7 strategy were identified according to:case reporting within 1 day,case investigation within 3 days,focus investigation within 7 days,and the overall strategy.The major challenges outlined were related to respecting the timeline of surveillance procedures,the absence of or difficulties in following guidelines on conducting focus investigations,diagnostics,and the increasing number of returning migrant workers from malaria-endemic countries.Important lessons learned revolve around the importance of continuous capacity building,supervision and motivation,quality control,information technology support,applied research,governmental commitment,and intersectoral collaboration.Conclusions:Surveillance is a key intervention in malaria elimination programs.The Chinese 1-3-7 strategy has already proven to be successful but still needs to be improved.In particular,dealing appropriately with imported malaria cases through the screening of migrant workers from malaria-endemic countries is essential for achieving and sustaining malaria elimination in China.China has perfect preconditions for successful malaria elimination provided political commitment and financial investment are guaranteed.The 1-3-7 strategy may also be considered as a model for other countries.

2型糖尿病血糖自我监测:患者观点的纵向定性研究

目的探讨随时间推移2型糖尿病患者对自我血糖监测的看法。设计纵向、定性研究。地点苏格兰洛锡安地区初级和中级医疗保健机构。患者 18名2型糖尿病患者。结局评估指标患者糖尿病临床诊断确立后4年内,通过对其反复深入的随访获得的结果。结果分析研究揭示了3个方面的主题——专业医务人员的作用;对血糖值的理解和对高血糖的处理;及自我血糖监测的作用。自我监测之所以随着时间的推移出现了减少,专业医务人员的行为在其中起着关键性的作用:患者解释说医生注重的是糖化血红蛋白水平,认为对他们自己监测的血糖值不感兴趣,好像是暗示血糖自我监测不值得继续进行。一些患者将血糖值看作是好坏行为的象征——尤其是女性,当血糖高时会惩罚她们自己。一些患者坚持自我监测,发现血糖值难以理解,并且不知道如何处理高血糖。使自己放心和习惯是坚持自我监测的主要原因。只有很少一部分患者利用自我监测来实行和维持行为方式的改变。结论患者的言论反映了2型糖尿病自我血糖监测的有效性和作用在临床上尚未被肯定。患者对自我监测的结果未采取相应的措施,部分是因为缺乏处理高血糖或低血糖的教育。专业医务人员的态度应该明确:患者到底应不应该、什么时候进行自我监测以及他们应该如何理解并处理血糖监测结果,尤其是高血糖。