On the Application of Red Cross Spirit to Moral Education of Secondary Vocational Health School

Red Cross Spirit acts as an important moral value for students.It wins so wide recognitions that more and more Chinese secondary vocational health schools have already put it into use.This paper attempts to discuss the application of Red Cross Spirit to the moral education of secondary vocational health school from the perspectives:curriculum,assignments,and activities.We hope this study could promote students’professional ethics and boost the development of moral education with the feature of secondary vocational health school.

Impact of Laboratory Value Flowsheet in Electronic Health Record (EHR) Documentation Time

Research on the use of EHR is contradictory since it presents contradicting results regarding the time spent documenting. There is research that supports the use of electronic records as a tool to speed documentation;and research that found that it is time consuming. The purpose of this quantitative retrospective before-after project was to measure the impact of using the laboratory value flowsheet within the EHR on documentation time. The research question was: “Does the use of a laboratory value flowsheet in the EHR impact documentation time by primary care providers (PCPs)?” The theoretical framework utilized in this project was the Donabedian Model. The population in this research was the two PCPs in a small primary care clinic in the northwest of Puerto Rico. The sample was composed of all the encounters during the months of October 2019 and December 2019. The data was obtained through data mining and analyzed using SPSS 27. The evaluative outcome of this project is that there is a decrease in documentation time after implementation of the use of the laboratory value flowsheet in the EHR. However, patients per day increase therefore having an impact on the number of patients seen per day/week/month. The implications for clinical practice include the use of templates to improve workflow and documentation as well as decreasing documentation time while also increasing the number of patients seen per day. .

Association of preschool children behavior and emotional problems with the parenting behavior of both parents

BACKGROUND Parental behaviors are key in shaping children’s psychological and behavioral development,crucial for early identification and prevention of mental health issues,reducing psychological trauma in childhood.AIM To investigate the relationship between parenting behaviors and behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children.METHODS From October 2017 to May 2018,7 kindergartens in Ma’anshan City were selected to conduct a parent self-filled questionnaire-Health Development Survey of Preschool Children.Children’s Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire(Parent Version)was applied to measures the children’s behavioral and emotional performance.Parenting behavior was evaluated using the Parental Behavior Inventory.Binomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the detection rate of preschool children’s behavior and emotional problems and their parenting behaviors.RESULTS High level of parental support/participation was negatively correlated with conduct problems,abnormal hyperactivity,abnormal total difficulty scores and abnormal prosocial behavior problems.High level of maternal support/participation was negatively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms and abnormal peer interaction in children.High level of parental hostility/coercion was positively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms,abnormal conduct problems,abnormal hyperactivity,abnormal peer interaction,and abnormal total difficulty scores in children(all P<0.05).Moreover,paternal parenting behaviors had similarly effects on behavior and emotional problems of preschool children compared with maternal parenting behaviors(all P>0.05),after calculating ratio of odds ratio values.CONCLUSION Our study found that parenting behaviors are associated with behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children.Overall,the more supportive or involved the parents are,the fewer behavioral and emotional problems the children experience;conversely,the more hostile or controlling the parents are,the more behavioral and emotional problems the children face.Moreover,the impact of fathers’parenting behaviors on preschool children’s behavior and emotions is no less significant than that of mothers’parenting behaviors.

The Oral Health Status of Person with Special Needs in Kumasi

Background: The most prevalent non-communicable disease worldwide is oral health-related disease, with dental caries and periodontal conditions being common. Oral health status significantly impacts overall health and quality of life. Barriers to dental care affect children with special needs. This study evaluates the oral health status and treatment requirements of people with special needs. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study in Kumasi, Ghana examined oral health status among people, 121 children with special needs over two months, in June-July 2022. Dental caries, periodontal changes, malocclusion, and trauma were assessed. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: The oral health status among people with special needs in this study was generally moderate, with a range from very good to very poor. The prevalence of dental caries was 37%, with a mean DMFT score of 2.82. Periodontal health showed unsatisfactory indicators such as mobile teeth, poor gingival health, high plaque scores, and the presence of halitosis. Conclusion: This descriptive study aimed to provide baseline data on the oral health status of special needs students in Kumasi, addressing the lack of knowledge in this area. It highlighted the importance of dental care in maintaining good oral health and overall well-being in individuals with special needs. Coordinated efforts by dental professionals are needed to provide dental health education and preventive interventions for these children.

Preventing Behavioral-Risks Incidence among School Children: The Role of School-Based Health Promotion Program

This article addresses the important role school health education program can play in reducing youth risky behaviors that lead to incarceration, diseases and fatalities or that impact their academic performance in school. Children growing up are at risks of exposure to different behaviors and common social influences which if unchecked result in unexpected health consequences common among youth in America today. According to US Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, the six leading behaviors that cause death, disability, and social problems among American children are: unintentional injuries and violence, alcohol and drug use, tobacco use, unhealthy diets, inadequate physical activities, and sexual behaviors and diseases. This article shows that school health program: 1) can provide the foundation for children to learn desired healthy behaviors in order to preserve life, 2) protects the future of children and that of the nation, 3) can teach students skills to recognize risky behaviors and resist them, 4) can boost community efforts to achieve desired health behaviors, 5) closes socio-economic gaps that interfere with basic nurturing of children, and 6) finally links local stakeholders as partners in promoting community safety. Through review of literature, the authors found that it costs ($588) daily or (214,620) annually to incarcerate a juvenile and only $75 daily for the cost of individualized community-based services. The cost to New York is over $900,000, yet does not address the causative issues. The authors recommend that schools teach comprehensive school health from kindergarten to grade 12 and employ health educators to support teachers teach health promotion and education.

Injury-Related Profiles among School-Aged Children in Cameroon: Analysis Based on the “First Survey—Health Young People”

Aims: Establish profiles of young “at risk” of injuries, first, on an overall point of view and, secondly, for some types of injuries (sport, home, road traffic, school and work injuries). Methods: We have taken nearly 50 variables into consideration: 17 variables for construction of the socioeconomic status, 9 variables for the investigation of symptoms, 11 concerning drugs, 5 for healthy habits, 3 for investigating the violence behavior, 4 concerning the school, 3 for subjective health and finally 3 for social network. We have used the principal component analysis, the multiple correspondence analysis and the weighted-frequency score for reducing the number of them. After these reductions, 15 variables were available for analyses. The relationship between injuries and investigated factors was assessed using the Pearson’s chi-square test. We also calculated odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) to estimate the strengths of the associations. To further assess these relationships but also for taking into account the potentials confounding effects of some variables, logistic regression model and multinomial logistic regression model were applied. Results: The whole injury prevalence was equal to 45.6% and among the injured, the proportion of the several types was equal to 33.8% for sport injuries, 32.2% for home injuries, 16.6% for traffic injuries, 11.6% for school injuries and 5.7% for work injuries. We can say that, in light of the variables studied, the “at risk” profile for having reported an injury is being a boy, being younger, having drug experiences, with the violent profile, and declaring several symptoms. There are no consistent and marked deviations in this study from the findings obtained in previous studies. Conclusion: Analyzing injuries in general is interesting but for preventing them it is important to know in which activities children and students are engaged when they are injured.

Marital satisfaction, job satisfaction and psychological health of secondary school teachers

Introduction: Marital satisfaction has remained a topic of great interest worldwide. Association has been postulated between marital satisfaction, job satisfaction and mental health. There is, however, a paucity of research on marital satisfaction in Nigeria, particularly in relation to job satisfaction and psychological health. Objective: The objective of this study is thus to assess the level of marital satisfaction and to explore the relationship if any between marital satisfaction, job satisfaction and mental health of secondary school teachers in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on teachers in secondary schools in Benin City, Nigeria. A total population of 300 teachers who had been married and teaching for at least one year were included in the study. The information required for the study were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and two standard instruments, the Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS) and the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ 28). The GHQ was used to assess the workers psychological health, while the IMS was used to assess the degree of marital satisfaction. Results: Two hundred and fifteen (82.7%) teachers had marital satisfaction, 54 (20.8%) had psychological disorder while 56 (21.5%) were dissatisfied with their job. A strong association was found between marital dissatisfaction and psychological disorder (X2 = 56.826;df = 1, P = 0.0004). No association was found between marital dissatisfaction and job dissatisfaction. No association was also found between job dissatisfaction and psychological disorder. Conclusion: A high level of marital satisfaction was found in the study population. However, the strong association also found between marital dissatisfaction and psychological disorder provides empirical evidence on the need to educate married couples as well as the general public on the mental health implication of marital dissatisfaction.

Marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide among senior high school students in Ghana:Evidence from the WHO Global School-Based Student Health Survey,2012

Background The association between substance use including marijuana use and attempted suicide has been well documented.However,little is known about marijuana use and its association with attempted suicide repetition among young people in low-income and middle-income contexts.Aims This analysis was conducted to assess the factors associated with marijuana use and ascertain marijuana use as a determinant of repeated attempted suicide among senior high school(SHS)students in Ghana.Methods Data from the 2012 Global School-Based Student Health Survey in Ghana was used for this study.Modified Poisson,Logistic and Probit models weighted with Mahalanobis distance matching within propensity calliper were employed separately to determine the hypothetical association between marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide.All analysis was performed using Stata 16 and p<0.05 was deemed statistically significant.Results The prevalence estimates of marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide among SHS students in Ghana were 3.4%(95%Cl:2.3 to 5.1)and 11.5%(95%Cl:9.1 to 14.4),respectively.The prevalence of marijuana use was significantly associated with school grade,smoking exposure,parent smoker,alcohol intake and truancy.Marijuana use was positively associated with repeated attempted suicide among SHS in Ghana correlation=0.23,p<0.001.Repeated attempted suicide among students who use marijuana was approximately threefold and fivefold significant compared with nonmarijuana use students,based on the Poisson(adjusted prevalence ratio:3.02;95%Cl:1.67 to 5.43,p<0.001)and Logistic(adjusted OR:5.06;95%Cl:3.19 to 11.64,p<0.001)estimates respectively.Also,the Probit model showed that marijuana use significantly increased the log count of repeated attempted suicide by 95%(ap:0.95;95%CI:0.49 to 1.41,p<0.001).Conclusion Marijuana use does not only influence the onset of suicidal attempts but also repeated attempted suicide among SHS students in Ghana.Special attention is required for suicide attempters with a history of repeated attempts and current marijuana use among SHS students in Ghana.Early identification of the potential risk and protective factors is recommended to inform school-based interventions.National level structured school-based substance abuse interventions and health promotion programmes would be useful.

Perceptions of Nurses at Ndola Teaching Hospital towards Sexual Health Needs of People with Mental Health Problems

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is among the fundamental packages of health care, which all clients seeking health care should receive. However, it is unclear how healthcare providers, in particular, nurses perceive the issue of people with mental problems having sexual health needs. The aim of this study was to explore perceptions of nurses at Ndola Teaching Hospital towards sexual health needs of people with mental health problems. A general descriptive qualitative study design was utilized and data were collected using three focus group discussions (FGDs) that were recorded and later transcribed verbatim. Purposive sampling was used to select 21 nurses who participated in the study. Nine were male, while 12 were female. Each FGD comprised seven participants. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, and six major themes: 1) physiological interplay among different body systems, 2) disease process and effects of psychotropic, 3) participant differences in age, gender, educational level, and cultural backgrounds, 4) staff shortages in mental health units, 5) deficient record keeping, and 6) Social stereotypes and labelling theories emerged. Despite acknowledging the existence of sexual activity among people with mental health problems;participants had both positive and negative perceptions. It is, therefore, recommended that interventions aimed at strengthening implementation of SRH guidelines among nurses caring for people with mental health problems should be put in place.

Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines in children with mental,behavioral,and developmental disorders:Data from the 2016-2020 National Survey of Children's Health

Background:Adopting a healthy lifestyle during childhood could improve physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood and reduce relevant disease burdens.However,the lifestyles of children with mental,behavioral,and developmental disorders(MBDDs)remains under-described within the literature of public health field.This study aimed to examine adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines among children with MBDDs compared to population norms and whether these differences are affected by demographic characteristics.Methods:Data were from the 2016-2020 National Survey of Children’s Health—A national,population-based,cross-sectional study.We used the data of 119,406 children aged 6-17 years,which included 38,571 participants with at least 1 MBDD and 80,835 without.Adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines was measured using parent-reported physical activity,screen time,and sleep duration.Results:Among children with MBDDs,20.3%,37.0%,60.7%,and 77.3%met the physical activity,screen time,sleep,and at least 1 of the 24-hour movement guidelines.These rates were lower than those in children without MBDDs(22.8%,46.2%,66.7%,and 83.4%,respectively;all p<0.001).Children with MBDDs were less likely to meet these guidelines(odds ratio(OR)=1.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.13-1.30;OR=1.37,95%CI:1.29-1.45;OR=1.29,95%CI:1.21-1.37;OR=1.45,95%CI:1.35-1.56)than children without MBDDs.Children with emotional disorders had the highest odds of not meeting these guidelines(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.29-1.57;OR=1.48,95%CI:1.37-1.60;OR=1.49,95%CI:1.39-1.61;OR=1.72,95%CI:1.57-1.88)in comparison to children with other MBDDs.Among children aged12-17 years,the difference in proportion of meeting physical activity and screen time guidelines for children with vs.children without MBDD was larger than that among children aged 6-11 years.Furthermore,the above difference of meeting physical activity guidelines in ethnic minority children was smaller than that in white children.Conclusion:Children with MBDDs were less likely to meet individual or combined 24-hour movement guidelines than children without MBDDs.In educational and clinical settings,the primary focus should be on increasing physical activity and limiting screen time in children aged 12-17 years who have MBDDs;and specifically for white children who have MBDDs,increasing physical activity may help.

Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular and kidney disease in Brazilian healthy preschool children

AIM To investigate the prevalence of nutritional parameters of risk for cardiovascular disease(CVD) and kidney diseases in healthy preschool children.METHODS This is an observational cross-sectional study with 60 healthy children, of both genders, aged two to six years old and 56 mothers, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Preschool children and their families with regular activities at public schools were invited to paticipate in the study. The following characteristics were assessed: Socio-demographic condictions, clinical health, anthropometric, biochemical, lifestyle and data on food consumption. The 56 healthy children were divided into two groups, overweight(C1) and non-overweight(C2), as well as their mothers, respectively, in overweight(M1) and non-overweight(M2). Nutritional status was defined according to results obtained through the Anthro? Software for nutritional analysis. RESULTS Thirty-five children were male, with mean age of 4.44 ± 1.0 years old. Eighty-nine percent of them were eutrophic, 86.7% were sedentary and they had five meals a day. Body mass index(BMI) for age and total cholesterol(TC) was higher on C1(P = 0.0001) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c) was higher on C2. Mothers were 32.5 ± 7.1 years old, mostly married and employed. Eighty-six percent of them were sedentary and 62.5% were overweight with BMI = 26.38 ± 5.07 kg/m2. Eighteen percent of the overweight mothers had isolated total hypercholesterolemia(TC levels elevated) and 12.5% had low HDL-c levels. The present study showed an association between overweight and obesity during the preschool years and the correspondent mothers' nutritional status of overweight and obesity(OR = 4.96; 95%CI: 0.558-44.17). There was a positive correlation between the food risk associated with CVD by children and mothers when their consumption was 4 times/wk(P = 0.049; r = 0.516) or daily(P = 0.000008; r = 0.892).CONCLUSION Analyzed children showed high rates of physical inactivity, high serum cholesterol levels and high consumption of food associated with risk for CVD and renal disease. Changes in habits should be encouraged early in kindergarten.

Knowledge and associated factors of healthcare workers on measles vaccine and cold chain management at health institutions in Gondar,Ethiopia

Objective:To assess the knowledge of healthcare workers on the measles vaccine and its cold chain management.Method:An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1 to March 30,2022 in Gondar City Administration public health institutions among 165 healthcare workers.Data were collected using a structured questionnaire.In addition,an on-spot observation checklist was used to assess the availability,status and management of the cold chain.A logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between the outcome and predictor variables.Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated with 95%confidence intervals.Results:Overall,87(52.7%;95%CI 44.8%-60.5%)of the healthcare workers had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding the measles vaccine and its cold chain management.One hundred thirty-six(82.4%)healthcare workers correctly mentioned the recommended range of temperature(2-8℃)for measles vaccine storage.Healthcare workers aged 18-29 years(P=0.001)and 30-44 years(P=0.014)were observed as determinants of unsatisfactory knowledge on the measles vaccine and its cold chain management.One hundred and five(63.6%)of the healthcare workers did not correctly mention the type of measles vaccine used in routine immunization.More than one-third(36.4%)of the healthcare workers perceived that the measles vaccine is not safe and could cause measles.Conclusions:More than half of the healthcare workers in the study area had unsatisfactory knowledge on the measles vaccine and its cold chain management.It is necessary to provide technical support and in-service training for healthcare workers to ensure optimal immunization effectiveness.

Exploring the association of paid sick leave with healthcare utilization and health outcomes in the United States:a rapid evidence review

Objective:Paid sick leave(PSL)laws mandate employers give workers paid time off when they are sick or injured.This current study aims to examine whether access to PSL is associated with healthcare utilization and health outcomes and to summarize the types of utilization and outcomes which have been reported to be associated with PSL.Methods:We conducted a rapid evidence review.Our search of seven databases,including Medline,Embase,PsycINFO,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Scopus,and JSTOR,on September 21,2020,identified 757 studies,30 of which were retained.Results:Previous evidence is mostly provided by cross-sectional studies with survey data.In this study,evidence suggests that PSL is significantly associated with some types of healthcare utilization and health outcomes.In terms of healthcare utilization,findings indicate PSL is associated with an increase in the use of some preventive sendees and a decrease in the use of emergency care;while findings are mixed regarding associations of PSL with health provider visits and the use of mammograms and pap smears.As for health outcomes,findings suggest PSL is associated with improved mental and self-rated health,decreased incidence of influenza-like illness,and lower occupational injuries and mortality rates.Conclusion:PSL may be an effective tool in improving some healthcare utilization and health outcomes.Future research could help identify mechanisms through which PSL access works and identify what policy components lead to better outcomes.

1+X证书制度下老年护理专业教学改革探究——以朝阳市卫生学校为例

为了有效推进1+X证书制度下职业院校护理专业健康、有序发展,培养出“一专多能”的复合型护理专业技能型人才,以朝阳市卫生学校为例,分析目前老年护理专业教学存在的问题,并针对地提出多渠道提升专任教师实践技能、构建完善的课程体系、多维度建设教学资源、构建综合考核评价体系、完善实训基地建设等策略,为1+X证书制度下职业院校教学改革提供参考.

青钱柳苦荞膳食补充剂对大鼠的28天经口毒性试验

目的:研究青钱柳苦荞膳食补充剂对大鼠亚急性毒性。方法:将Wistar大鼠按体质量随机分为4组,即青钱柳苦荞膳食补充剂3个剂量组(1.67、3.33、6.67 g/kg)和1个常规基础饲料对照组。分别喂饲相应饲料28 d,自由进食饮水,观察大鼠体质量、食物利用率、血常规、血生化、尿液指标,大鼠麻醉后解剖进行大体观察、计算主要脏器的脏器系数并进行组织病理学检查。结果:实验组大鼠的体质量增长正常,未见明显毒性反应,其血常规、血生化、尿液指标、脏器系数与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。大鼠解剖时大体观察未发现明显异常。个别实验组大鼠心、肾脏质量与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),病理组织学检查未发现青钱柳苦荞膳食补充剂引起的典型病理组织学改变和特异性损伤改变。结论:在本实验条件下,该青钱柳苦荞膳食补充剂经大鼠28天经口毒性试验未见明显的毒性作用。

“双减”政策下中学生学习倦怠、睡眠质量对非自杀性自伤行为的影响

目的探讨中学生学习倦怠、睡眠质量对非自杀性自伤(NSSI)行为的影响。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样,选取遵义市5838名中学生进行现场调查,采用自编调查问卷、青少年学习倦怠量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)、青少年自我伤害行为问卷评价中学生学习倦怠、睡眠质量及NSSI行为,采用χ^(2)检验、分层回归及路径分析进行统计分析。结果中学生NSSI行为检出率为18.07%,不同性别、年级、学校NSSI行为检出率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);身心耗竭、学业疏离、低成就感及睡眠质量能正向预测NSSI行为的发生(P均<0.05);路径分析显示,身心耗竭、低成就感对NSSI行为的发生有间接效应,学业疏离对NSSI行为的发生有直接和间接效应,睡眠质量直接作用于NSSI行为。结论中学生NSSI行为检出率呈较高水平,学习倦怠(身心耗竭、学业疏离、低成就感)、睡眠质量是影响NSSI行为发生的重要因素,应持续推进“双减”政策,降低中学生学习倦怠水平,保障睡眠健康。

时差成像胚胎培养系统观察精子DNA碎片化指数对卵胞浆内单精子显微注射的胚胎发育及临床结局的影响

目的使用时差成像(time-lapse imagining,TLI)胚胎培养系统观察精子DNA碎片化指数(DNA fragmentation index,DFI)对卵胞浆内单精子显微注射(intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI)的胚胎发育指标及临床结局的影响。方法选取2023年1月至6月在上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院辅助生殖科接受ICSI技术助孕的392对夫妇为研究对象,分为常规培养组284周期和TLI组108周期,再根据DFI≤15%、>15%~<30%、≥30%进一步分为正常组、临界组、异常组。比较各组的临床资料以及临床妊娠结局。统计学方法采用t检验、单因素方差分析、χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果6组的女方年龄、基础促卵泡激素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)及获卵数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);男方精液常规指标中,浓度和正常形态率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);常规正常组、常规临界组、常规异常组、TLI正常组、TLI临界组和TLI异常组的前向运动精子率分别为(46.5±16.5)%、(31.0±14.2)%、(14.8±8.4)%、(41.6±16.2)%、(32.5±14.4)%、(19.3±11.1)%,常规异常组和TLI异常组的前向运动精子率分别低于常规正常组、常规临界组、TLI正常组和TLI临界组(P值均<0.05)。6组的卵裂率和囊胚形成率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。常规正常组、常规临界组、常规异常组、TLI正常组、TIL临界组和TLI异常组的受精率分别为(77.3±18.6)%、(78.6±17.1)%、(68.3±22.7)%、(77.4±14.5)%、(74.5±13.1)%、(63.1±25.4)%;常规异常组的受精率低于常规正常组、常规临界组、TLI正常组(P值均<0.05);TLI异常组的受精率低于常规正常组、常规临界组、TLI正常组、TLI临界组(P值均<0.05)。常规正常组、常规临界组、常规异常组的妊娠率分别为57.4%(39/68)、54.5%(24/44)、27.3%(6/22),异常组低于正常组和临界组(P值均<0.05)。TLI正常组、TLI临界组和TLI异常组3组的妊娠率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。常规组3组之间以及TLI 3组之间的早期流产率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论精子DFI值的升高会影响精子前向运动率,还会影响胚胎的受精率,高DFI精子进行ICSI助孕时使用TLI胚胎培养系统可以获得稳定的妊娠率。

Assessing School-Based Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Facilities in Peri-Urban Settings of Kinshasa, DR Congo

Background: Kinshasa’s peri-urban settings have a low rate of water access, which has significant consequences for the WASH infrastructures in schools and preventative measures against the spread of waterborne diseases and pathogens. This study aimed to assess the availability, functionality, and gender sensitivity of WASH infrastructures of Kinshasa’s peri-urban schools. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in three of the four educational provinces of Kinshasa, targeting 165 peri-urban schools. Data were collected using a questionnaire and an observation grid. Results: An overall proportion of 10.9% of schools possessed a water point, and therefore time-consuming water chores are a necessity in 89.1% of schools. Girl students provided 30% of the labor collecting water during punishments. A total of 98.2% of schools had functional latrines of which 3.6% were found hygienic, associated with water reserve next to the latrines (P = 0.040). Only 2.4% of schools displayed posters raising awareness of latrine hygiene, and 3.6% displayed posters on hand hygiene. The ratios of latrines units for girls were 58:1 for toilets and 115:1 for urinals, justifying open defecation and urination reported in 62.4% of schools. Also, 43% of schools had hand-washing facilities whose functionality was significantly associated with the presence of water points in the school’s inner courtyard (P = 0.032), with water (P P Conclusion: The majority of schools had limited drinking water services, which negatively impact the functionality and gender sensitivity of other WASH provisions. The current evidence as a public health concern would raise government and school authorities’ attention to address these environmental threats.

拉玛泽减痛呼吸法联合健康教育对初产妇妊娠结局影响的Meta分析

目的:运用系统评价的方法分析拉玛泽减痛呼吸法联合健康教育对初产妇妊娠结局的干预效果,为临床提出最优的助产干预方法。方法:通过计算机全面检索了12个中英文数据库,搜集拉玛泽减痛呼吸法联合健康教育的随机对照试验的文献,时间从建库起至2021年12月22日,采用Cochrane风险偏倚评估工具对纳入文献质量进行评价,通过RevMan 5.3软件和Stata 14.0软件进行纳入文献的敏感性分析和异质性检验,并采用固定效应模型或随机效应模型进行效应量的合并计算。结果:共纳入43项研究,包括11144例初产妇。经过Meta分析结果显示,与健康教育相比,拉玛泽减痛呼吸法联合健康教育能明显缩短初产妇第一产程时间[SMD=-1.63,95%CI(-1.99,-1.26)]、第三产程时间[SMD=-0.56,95%CI(-0.80,-0.32)]和总产程时间[SMD=-2.24,95%CI(-2.84,-1.64)],可减轻产痛[RR=0.94,95%CI(0.79,1.12)],提高自然分娩率[RR=1.25,95%CI(1.21,1.28)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 基于现有的证据表明,拉玛泽减痛呼吸法联合健康教育在初产妇分娩中具有明显的优势,可以降低妊娠不良结局,有效提高助产质量,保障母婴安全。但受到纳入研究质量和数量的限制,未来仍需要高质量大样本研究进一步验证。

医学遗传学“课堂革命”的探索与实践

笔者以课题研究为引领,深化“三教”改革,探索医学遗传学“课堂革命”实践路径。注重教师培养、加强教师团队建设,打造符合国情、学情的医学遗传学省级在线精品课程,在全国范围内首次完成中等卫生职业教育医学遗传学多阶段混合式教学模式改革创新,注重渗透德育教育、实践素养教育,构建“五维”体系,优化学习考核评价,帮助学生高效达成学习目标,有效提升职业素养和岗位适应能力。