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Socio-economic status and lifestyle factors are associated with achalasia risk: A population-based case-control study 被引量:1
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作者 Helen G Coleman Ronan T Gray +4 位作者 Kar W Lau Conall Mc Caughey Peter V Coyle Liam J Murray Brian T Johnston 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2016年第15期4002-4008,共7页
AIM: To evaluate the association between various lifestyle factors and achalasia risk.METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Northern Ireland, including n = 151 achalasia cases and n = 117 age... AIM: To evaluate the association between various lifestyle factors and achalasia risk.METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Northern Ireland, including n = 151 achalasia cases and n = 117 age- and sexmatched controls. Lifestyle factors were assessed via a face-to-face structured interview. The association between achalasia and lifestyle factors was assessed by unconditional logistic regression, to produce odds ratios(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI).RESULTS: Individuals who had low-class occupations were at the highest risk of achalasia(OR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.02-3.45), inferring that high-class occupation holders have a reduced risk of achalasia. A history of foreign travel, a lifestyle factor linked to upper socioeconomic class, was also associated with a reduced risk of achalasia(OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.35-0.99). Smoking and alcohol consumption carried significantly reduced risks of achalasia, even after adjustment for socio-economic status. The presence of pets in the house was associated with a two-fold increased risk of achalasia(OR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.17-3.42). Nochildhood household factors were associated with achalasia risk.CONCLUSION: Achalasia is a disease of inequality, and individuals from low socio-economic backgrounds are at highest risk. This does not appear to be due to corresponding alcohol and smoking behaviours. An observed positive association between pet ownership and achalasia risk suggests an interaction between endotoxin and viral infection exposure in achalasia aetiology. 展开更多
关键词 ACHALASIA RISK factors EPIDEMIOLOGY LIFESTYLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS
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Bayesian methods in reporting and managing Australian clinical indicators
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作者 Peter P Howley Stephen J Hancock +2 位作者 Robert W Gibberd Sheuwen Chuang Frank A Tuyl 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2015年第7期625-634,共10页
Sustained clinical improvement is unlikely without appropriate measuring and reporting techniques. Clinical indicators are tools to help assess whether a standard of care is being met. They are used to evaluate the po... Sustained clinical improvement is unlikely without appropriate measuring and reporting techniques. Clinical indicators are tools to help assess whether a standard of care is being met. They are used to evaluate the potential to improve the care provided by healthcare organisations(HCOs). The analysis and reporting of these indicators for the Australian Council on Healthcare Standards have used a methodology which estimates, for each of the 338 clinical indicators, the gains in the system that would result from shifting the mean proportion to the 20 th centile. The results are used to provide a relative measure to help prioritise quality improvement activity within clinical areas, rather than simply focus on "poorer performing" HCOs. The method draws attention to clinical areas exhibiting larger between-HCO variation and affecting larger numbers of patients. HCOs report data in six-month periods, resulting in estimated clinical indicator proportions which may be affected by small samples and sampling variation. Failing to address such issues would result in HCOs exhibiting extremely small and large estimated proportions and inflated estimates of the potential gains in the system. This paper describes the 20 th centile method of calculating potential gains for the healthcare system by using Bayesian hierarchical models and shrinkage estimators to correct for the effects of sampling variation, and provides an example case in Emergency Medicine as well as example expert commentary from colleges based upon the reports. The application of these Bayesian methods enables all collated data to be used, irrespective of an HCO's size, and facilitates more realistic estimates of potential system gains. 展开更多
关键词 Clinical INDICATORS Improvement System GAINS BAYESIAN Statistical models
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Ovarian cancer in Kenyatta National Hospital in Kenya: Characteristics and management
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作者 Eunice J. Cheserem Anne-Beatrice Kihara +2 位作者 Rose J. Kosgei David Gathara Stephen Gichuhi 《Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology》 2013年第1期165-171,共7页
Background: Ovarian cancer is the third commonest cause of cancer death from gynaecologic tumors in Kenya. Early disease causes minimal, nonspecific, or no symptoms therefore, most patients are diagnosed when the dise... Background: Ovarian cancer is the third commonest cause of cancer death from gynaecologic tumors in Kenya. Early disease causes minimal, nonspecific, or no symptoms therefore, most patients are diagnosed when the disease is at an advanced stage. Overall, prognosis for these patients remains poor but has not been described in Kenya. Objectives: To describe the histological types, therapeutic methods used, therapeutic outcome and the survival rate at 2 years. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study undertaking a 10-year review of case records of patients treated for cancer of the ovary between 1998 and 2008 in Kenyatta National Hospital. Results: Majority of the patients (73.3%) presented with advanced stage of disease (stages III & IV). Epithelial tumors (86.2%) are the commonest histological type, with 45.7% of them being serous type. Chemotherapy was the most (46.0%) used therapeutic option, with vomiting and diarrhea being the leading morbidity associated with it. Survival at 2 yrs from diagnosis was 50% as per the Kaplan-Meier time survival estimate. Conclusion: There is need to improve the quality of data on cancer care and information systems in general to provide a reliable source of information to guide research and policy in oncology. Further, the late presentation to hospital calls for innovative strategies to improve ovarian cancer awareness and uptake of screening tests. There is need to lobby Governments in resource limited setting to subsidize cancer of the ovary care and invest in lower level health facilities to promote early diagnosis and decongest the referral hospital. 展开更多
关键词 OVARIAN Cancer HISTOLOGICAL Types THERAPEUTIC Methods SURVIVAL
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Inhaler Technique Questionnaire(InTeQ)in pediatric patients with asthma
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作者 Catalina Lizano‑Barrantes Olatz Garin +17 位作者 Alexandra Lelia Dima Karina Mayoral Angels Pont Eva María Ortiz María Araceli Caballero‑Rabasco Manuel Praena‑Crespo Laura Valdesoiro‑Navarrete María Teresa Guerra Alberto Bercedo‑Sanz Gimena Hernández Camila Maroni Inés de Mir MaríaÁngeles Carrasco Marta Ortega Alberto Servan JoséAntonio Castillo Eva Tato Montse Ferrer 《World Journal of Pediatrics》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第8期798-804,共7页
Asthma in school-aged children is a major public health problem worldwide[1,2].Inhaled medications are the mainstay of its pharmacological management[2],but only 8%-22%of children with asthma use their inhalers correc... Asthma in school-aged children is a major public health problem worldwide[1,2].Inhaled medications are the mainstay of its pharmacological management[2],but only 8%-22%of children with asthma use their inhalers correctly[3].Asthma clinical outcomes are poor in children[4],largely due to inhaler technique[5,6]. 展开更多
关键词 ASTHMA PEDIATRIC PATIENTS
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