Research Status of Water Quality Criteria and Standards and Analysis on the Transformation Methods

Under the vision of development for the new era,China has entered a stage of high-quality economic development and an important window period in which we have the conditions and ability to address the prominent issue of economic development and ecological protection in a coordinated way.However,all kinds of environmental benchmark values in China are lacking and need to be constantly supplemented and improved.Therefore,exploring and putting forward a simple and efficient method for the transformation of environmental criteria into environmental standards is an important basis for the rapid establishment of relevant environmental criteria system and the effective promotion of the development of environmental standards system towards a scientific and reasonable direction.In this paper,the water environment is taken as the research object.By analyzing the research progress of environmental criteria and standards at home and abroad,and the foreign method of transforming environmental criteria into environmental standards,combined with the problems faced in the process of transforming environmental criteria into environmental standards in China,an effective method to transform China's environmental criteria into environmental standards is analyzed.After analysis and comparison,it is found that the pollution reduction accounting method could achieve their simple and efficient conversion.Under the premise of obtaining environmental criteria for certain pollutants,environmental criteria for certain pollutants could be obtained by distributing pollutants reduction costs,and accounting economic benefits after reaching standard,thus obtaining the environmental standard of this type of pollutant,which provides reference to determine the environmental standard limits of such pollutants.

Enhanced removal of phosphate from water by fabricatinga novel dual metal MIL-101(Fe/Zr)

Metal-based compounds are promising adsorbents for phosphate.A novel dual metal-organic framework as an effective adsorbent for phosphate was synthesized by a solvothermal method.The structure analysis revealed that the as-prepared adsorbent(denoted as MIL-101(Fe/Zr))possessed a porous polyhedral structure with a large specific surface area of 479.1 m^(2)/g and a pore width of 3.4 nm.The X-ray diffraction pattern and Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested that the MIL-101(Fe/Zr)shared a similar structure with MIL-101(Fe),implying successful incorporation of Zr atoms as a second metal into the MIL-101(Fe)structure.Kinetic adsorption of PO_(4)^(3-)by MIL-101(Fe/Zr)conformed to the pseudo-second-order model and intraparticle diffusion model,while adsorption isotherm fitted the Freundlich model well(R^(2)=0.9785).It is suggested that such an adsorption belonged to multiply-layer adsorption.The adsorption capacity of MIL-101(Fe/Zr)was to be 66.00 mg/g.MIL-101(Fe/Zr)performed well at a wide range of pH 2.0~10.0 and high ionic strength(0~40 mg/L NaCl).A structural analysis indicated that the complexation interaction was mainly responsible for PO_(4)^(3-)adsorption.These findings can inspire preparation of other dual metal MOFs adsorbent for phosphate removal and recovery from water.

Study on the Characteristics of Atmospheric Dry and Wet Deposition in the Upper Reaches of Baiyangdian

To study the characteristics of atmospheric dry and wet deposition in the upper reaches of Baiyangdian,two sampling sites in Baoding City were monitored for 1 year from September 2018 to August 2019.The results showed that the dry and wet deposition fluxes of total nitrogen(TN)during the monitoring period were 6.87 and 6.46 kg/(hm^(2)·a),respectively.The ratio of wet to dry deposition of TN was approximately 1∶1,with wet deposition being dominated by ammonium nitrogen deposition.The dry and wet deposition fluxes of total phosphorus(TP)were 0.228 and 0.125 kg/(hm^(2)·a),and it was dominated by dry deposition.The average concentration of TN in wet deposition exceeded the standard threshold for eutrophic waters,and its ecological effects on the Baiyangdian basin should be concerned.Wet deposition fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus had a significantly positive correlation with rainfall,while their deposition concentrations were negatively correlated with rainfall.The dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus was influenced by the amount of dustfall and climatic factors such as rainfall,temperature,and humidity,which mainly occurred from April to August.

Multiple isotopes reveal the driving mechanism of high NO_(3)^(-) level and key processes of nitrogen cycling in the lower reaches of Yellow River

The continuous increase of nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))level in rivers is a hot issue in the world.However,the driving mechanism of high NO_(3)^(-)level in large rivers is still lacking,which has limited the use of river water and increased the cost of water treatment.In this study,multiple isotopes and source resolution models are applied to identify the driving mechanism of high NO_(3)^(-)level and key processes of nitrogen cycling in the lower reaches of the Yellow River(LRYR).The major sources of NO_(3)^(-)were sewage and manure(SAM)in the low-flow season and soil nitrogen(SN)and chemical fertilizer(CF)in the high-flow season.Nitrification was the most key process of nitrogen cycling in the LRYR.However,in the biological removal processes,denitrification may not occur significantly.The temporal variation of contributions of NO_(3)^(-)sources were estimated by a source resolution model in the LRYR.The proportional contributions of SAM and CF to NO_(3)^(-)in the low-flow and high-flow season were 32.5%-52.3%,44.2%-46.2%and 36.0%-40.8%,54.9%-56.9%,respectively.The driving mechanisms of high NO_(3)^(-)level were unreasonable sewage discharge,intensity rainfall runoff,nitrification and lack of nitrate removal capacity.To control the NO_(3)^(-)concentration,targeted measures should be implemented to improve the capacity of sewage and wastewater treatment,increase the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and construct ecological engineering.This study deepens the understanding of the driving mechanism of high nitrate level and provides a vital reference for nitrogen pollution control in rivers to other area of the world.