Interleukin-10 -1082 promoter polymorphism is not associated with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma in a population of high-incidence region of north China

AIM: To investigate the possible association of G→A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the -1082 position of interleukin (IL)-10 promoter with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA) in a population of a high incidence region of North China.METHODS: IL-10-G1082A promoter SNP was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in 355 cancer patients (203ESCC and 152 GCA) and 443 healthy controls.RESULTS: Smoking significantly increased the risk of ESCC and GCA development (the age and sex adjusted OR = 1.42and 2.64, 95%CI = 1.11-1.81 and 1.46-4.76, respectively).Similarly, family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGIC) significantly increased the risk of developing ESCC and GCA (the age and sex adjusted OR = 1.44 and 3.10,95%CI = 1.18-1.75 and 1.94-4.97, respectively). The A/A, A/G and G/G genotype frequencies of IL-10-G1082A were 60.3%, 37.0% and 2.7% in healthy controls, 57.6%,39.9% and 2.5% in ESCC and 61.2%, 36.8% and 2.0% in GCA patients, respectively. The frequencies of A and G alleles were 78.8% and 21.2% in healthy controls, 77.6%and 22.4% in ESCC patients and 79.6%, 20.4% in GCA patients. The distribution of genotype and allelotype in ESCC and GCA patients was not significantly different from that in healthy controls (P＞0.05). Compared to the A/A genotype, the combination of A/G and G/G genotypes did not show a significant effect on the risk of developing ESCC and GCA; the adjusted odds ratio was 0.92 (95%CI = 0.76-1.11) in ESCC and 0.95 (95% CI = 0.61-1.46)in GCA, respectively. When stratified for smoking status and family history of UGIC, the combination of A/G and G/G genotypes also did not show any significant influence on the risk of ESCC and GCA development compared to A/A genotypes.CONCLUSION: IL-10-G1082A polymorphism might not be used as a stratification marker to predicate the risk of ESCC and GCA development in North China.

An analysis of esophageal cancer incidence in Cixian county from 1974 to 1996

AIM: To describe the incidence of esophageal cancer (EC)in Cixian, a county of Hebei province during 1974-1996. Weanalyzed the sex and age characteristics as well as thegeographic distribution of EC, in order to determine theimpact so that methods of preventing and controlling EC inCixian can be put in place.METHODS: Since the early 1970s, the cancer registrysystem has been established, which collects the cancerincidence in Cixian county. The malignant tumors were codedaccording to International Classification of Disease IX (ICD-9). All the data were checked and analyzed using EPIINFO.RESULTS: The trend of the incidence rate of EC from 1974to 1996 had declined, (229.9/100 000 vs 178.5/100 000, Oddsratio= 1.47, 95 % CI: 1.32～1.63, X2=52.89. trend X2=26.54,P＜0.001). The incidence rate of males declined significantly(281.81/100 000 vs 157.96/100 000, Odds ratio=1.61, 95 %CI: 1.41～1.84, X2=47.85. Trend X2=44.86, P＜0.001),whereas, the females remained steady (157.96/100 000 vs133.41/100 000, odds ratio=1.28, 95 % CI:1.17～1.49,X2=9.26. trend X2=2.69, P＞0.05). Male average annualincidence rate was 142.80/100 000 and the female's was95.18/100 000. The sex ratio (males to females) was 1.50:1.The incidence rate was increasing along with the age. As tothe geographic distribution, the incidence rate in mountainousareas and hilly areas showed a significantly declining trend(mountainous areas, trend X2=149.93, P＜0.001; hilly areas,trend X2=42.70, P＜0.001). The incidence rate of EC in plainareas had increased (trend X2=22.39, P＜0.001).CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of EC in Cixian countyshows a trend and has declined after two decades, especiallyin mountainous area. But compared to other regions in theworld, Cixian county still had a high incidence rate of EC.

Single nucleotide polymorphism in DNA methyltransferase 3B promoter and its association with gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma in North China

AIM: To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)in promoter of the DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNNT3B) gene and risk for development and lymphatic metastasis of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA).METHODS: The hospital based case-control study included 212 GCA patients and 294 control subjects without overt cancer. The DNMT3B SNP was genotyped by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. RESULTS: The C/C genotype was not detected in both GCA patients and controls. In control subjects, the frequency of T/T and C/T genotypes was 94.9% and 5.1% respectively,and that of T and C alleles was 97.4% and 2.6%, respectively.The genotype and allelotype distribution in the GCA patients was not significantly different from that in controls (P = 0.34 and 0.33, respectively). When stratified by smoking status and family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer, significant difference in the genotype distribution was not observed between GCA patients and controls. The distribution of DNMT3Bgenotypes in GCA patients with or without lymphatic metastasis did not show significant difference (P = 0.42). CONCLUSION: The distribution of DNMT3BSNP in North China is distinct from that in Caucasians. Although this SNP has been associated with susceptibility to lung, head, neck and breast cancer, it may not be used as a stratification marker to predict susceptibility and lymphatic metastasis of GCA, at least in the population of North China.

No association of the matrix metalloproteinase 1 promoter polymorphism with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma in northern China

AIM: To investigate association of the 2G or 1G single nudeotide polymorphism (SNP)in matrix metalloproteinase 11(MMP1)promoter with susceptibility to esophageal squam-ous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA) in a population of North China.METHODS: MMP1 promoter SNP was genotyped by polymerase-chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis in 417 cancer patients (234ESCC and 183 GCA) and 350 healthy controls.RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of the MMP1promoter SNP in healthy controls were 55.4% (2G/2G),30% (1G/2G) and 14.6% (1G/1G), respectively. The genotype and allelotype distribution in ESCC and GCA patients was not significantly different from that in healthy controls (all Pvalues were above 0.05). Compared with the 1G/1G genotype, neither the 2G/2G nor in combination with the 1G/2G genotype significantly modified the risk of developing ESCC and GCA, the adjusted odds ratio was 1.28 (95%CI = 0.78-2.09), 1.23 (95%CI = 0.38-2.05)in ESCC and 1.39 (95%CI = 0.80-2.41), 1.34 (95%CI =0.74-2.40) in GCA, respectively. When stratified by smoking status and family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer, the 2G/2G genotype alone or in combination with the 1G/2G genotype also did not show any significant influence on the risk of ESCC and GCA development. In addition, influence of the MMP1 SNP on lymphatic metastasis in ESCC and GCA was also not obs-erved.CONCLUSION: The 2G or 1G SNP in the MMP1 promoter might not modify the risk of ESCC and GCA development and might not be used as a stratification marker to predict the potential of lymphatic metastasis in these two tumor types.

Field Population-based blocking treatment of esophageal epithelia dysplasia

AIM:To confirm the value of blocking treatment by zenshengping(ZSP),a Chinese herb composite and Riboflavin for esophageal epithelia dysplasia cases screened out in high risk area in northern china by exfoliative balloon cytology(EBC),so to reduce the incidence rate of esophageal cancer(EC).METHODS:Esophageal epithelium dysplasia cases including mind esophageal epithelium dysplasia(MEED),stage one severe esophageal epithelium dysplasia(SEED Ⅰ),and stage two severe esophageal epithelium dysplasia(SEEDⅡ) were screened out from people aged 40 years and older in the high risk area of Chixian.These cases were randomly divided into a treatment and control group.Subjects in the treatment and control groups took ZSP,riboflavin,and placebo daily for three years.EC cases registered by cancer registry and identified by EBC re-screening in the treatment and control groups were used to calculate incidence and blocking rates to demonstrate effects of blcking medication.RESULTS:It was found that 31.92%and 24.15% of people aged 40 years and older in Cixian could been diagnosed as MEED and SEED cases.The severity of dysplasia increased with age ,ZSP had blocked EC occurrence by 47.79% after 3 year medication among the SEED cases.CONCLUSION:ZSP can block the development from SEED I and SEED Ⅱto EC by 47.79%.Efforts should by made to screen and treat dysplasia cases in people aged 40 years and older in high risk areas to reduce the mortality figres.

Epoxide hydrolase Tyr113 His polymorphism is not associated with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in population of North China

AIM: To investigate the possible association of microsomal epoxide hydrolase ( mEH) Tyr113 His polymorphism with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a population of North China.METHODS: The mEH-Tyr113 His genotypes were determined by polymerase-chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis in 257 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and 252 healthy subjects as a control group.RESULTS: The frequencies for Tyr and His alleles were 44.2 %, 55.8 % in ESCC patients, and 44.0 % and 56.0 %in healthy subjects, respectively. No statistic difference in allele distribution was observed between ESCC patients and controls (x2=0.008, P=0.929). The overall genotype distribution difference was not observed between cancer cases and controls (x2=2.116, P=-0.347). Compared with Tyr/Tyr genotype, neither His/His genotype nor in combination with Tyr/His genotype significantly modified the risk of the development of ESCC, the adjusted odds ratio was 1.076 (95 % CI=0.850-1.361) and 0.756 (95 % CI=0.493-1.157),respectively. When stratified for sex, age, smoking status and family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer, His/His genotype alone or in combination with Tyr/His genotype also did not show any significant influence on the risk of developing ESCC.CONCLUSION: MEH Tyr113His polymorphism may not be used as a stratification marker in screening individuals at a high risk of ESCC.

Age scope of high-risk population for esophageal cancer in Ci county

AIM: To define the age scope of high-risk population for esophageal cancer (EC) in Ci county.METHODS: The results of endoscopic examination of 2013 subjects, cytological screening of 16 763 persons and records of 9 265 patients with EC were analyzed by Ridit methods, the standard age group was 45-49 year group.RESULTS: The average age of patients with moderate esophageal epithelium dysplasia by endoscopic examination was 53.5 years, of severe esophageal epithelium dysplasia,51.4 years, early EC, 55.6 years. The average age of stage one severe epithelium dysplasia (SEEDI) by cytological screening was 51.2 years, of stage two severe epithelium esophageal dysplasia (SEED Ⅱ) 51.6 years, of advanced EC 61.7 years. In the group of 40-year olds,the value of Ridit by pathological diagnosis was 0.46, 95%CI, 0.45-0.47, that by cytological diagnosis was 0.45, 95%CI, 0.43-0.47. As the age increased at five-year intervals,the value of Ridit increased significantly.CONCLUSION: In Ci county of a high incidence area of EC, the age definition of high-risk population should be above 45 years.

A Survey of Esophageal Cancer in Cixian County of Hebei Province

OBJECTIVE To characterize the histologic types of esophageal cardiac mucosa by endoscopic survey in a high-risk cancer area of China. METHODS An endoscopic survey with Lugol,s staining was carried out in Cixian County, Hebei Province from December 2001 to May 2002. The data were processed using computer SPSS 10.0 software. RESULTS The incidences of mild esophagitis, moderate esophagitis, and severe esophagitis were for 2013 cases, 34.9%(703), 1.6%(33) and 0.1% (2)respectively; those with mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia of the esophagus were 8.6% (172), 7.8% (157) and 2.6% (53) respectively; those with carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma, invasive squamous carcinoma of the esophagus were 2.5%(50), 0.2% (4) and 0.7%(14) respectively. The histologic-detecting rates of non-atrophic gastritis, and atrophic gastritis of the cardia were 36.3%(730), 11.5% (232) respectively; those with mild dysplasia, severe dysplasia of the cardia were 2.5%(51), 0.8%(17) respectively; those with intramucosal adenocarcinoma, invasive adenocarcinoma of the cardia were 0.1% (3), 0.8%(17) respectively. The early-detection rate of esophageal cancer was 79.4%(54/68). The survey rate(examined population to covered population) was 73.8% (2013/2725). CONCLUSIONS Esophageal endoscopic screening with Lugol's solution staining has an advantage over esophageal balloon cytology, in that the histological diagnoses of esophageal cardiac diseases can be obtained, thus contributing to the prevention of subsequent disease. In using the staining method the detection rate of early esophageal cancer is higher than that revealed by balloon cytology.