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连接酶链反应检测结膜沙眼衣原体 被引量:1
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作者 赵普宁 刘汉生 +9 位作者 欧波 龙登虹 陈元良 李志刚 冼文光 张开颜 Thomas Lietman Jocelyn Thein Anne Paxton Julie Schachter 《中国热带医学》 CAS 2005年第1期41-42,共2页
目的了解活动性沙眼患者的年龄分布,评价WHO简易沙眼分级法和连接酶链反应(LCR)诊断沙眼衣原体的意义.方法根据WHO简易沙眼分级法,对89例受检者进行沙眼分级,并应用刮擦拭子采集上睑结膜标本,进行连接酶链反应以诊断沙眼衣原体.结果10... 目的了解活动性沙眼患者的年龄分布,评价WHO简易沙眼分级法和连接酶链反应(LCR)诊断沙眼衣原体的意义.方法根据WHO简易沙眼分级法,对89例受检者进行沙眼分级,并应用刮擦拭子采集上睑结膜标本,进行连接酶链反应以诊断沙眼衣原体.结果10岁以下的沙眼占56.18%,20岁以下占26.94%;84例沙眼及可疑沙眼中,16例LCR阳性(19.05%),各抽样点的LCR阳性率为7.14%~34.38%. 结论应加强对青少年活动性沙眼的防治;WHO的简易分级活法适合在基层农村推广;连接酶链反应可用于早期沙眼的诊断及批量样本的检测,需注意采样方法及转送温度条件的控制. 展开更多
关键词 沙眼衣原体 连接酶链反应 诊断 WHO 结膜 简易 分级 温度条件 推广 防治
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Combating Micronutrient Deficiencies—An Important Component of Poverty Reduction 被引量:2
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作者 MARTIN W. BLOEM REGINA MOENCH-PFANNER LYNNDA KIESS 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2001年第1期92-97,共6页
In the late 1990s, the international development banks and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) convened to outline seven International Development Goals (IDGs) to reduce poverty by 2015. These goals incorporated bot... In the late 1990s, the international development banks and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) convened to outline seven International Development Goals (IDGs) to reduce poverty by 2015. These goals incorporated both the economic and social dimensions of poverty. A two thirds reduction of child mortality and a three fourths reduction of maternal mortality from rates in 1990 by 2015 are two of these seven IDGs. There is a need for better combinations of cost effective strategies to reach these challenging goals by the year 2015. This paper discusses the potential usefulness of micronutrient deficiency control programs for this purpose. 展开更多
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Obesity and High Blood Pressure among Professional Long-Distance Drivers in Yaoundé, Cameroon: Cross-Sectional Study
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作者 Dominique Kamgne Fokam André Izacar Gaël Bita +2 位作者 Nefertiti Rama Djouedjon Dakenyo Nyenty Agbor Agbornkwai Annicet Bopda Negueu 《Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine》 2022年第3期232-254,共23页
Background: Drivers play a very important role in the transportation of people, goods and services in Cameroon. The data on obesity and hypertension amongst these professionals is insufficient. The study aimed to dete... Background: Drivers play a very important role in the transportation of people, goods and services in Cameroon. The data on obesity and hypertension amongst these professionals is insufficient. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of obesity and high blood pressure (HBP) among professional bus drivers in Yaoundé. Methods: This was an analytic cross-sectional study among long-distance bus drivers stationed in Yaoundé between march and April 2018. The data collected focused on driving history, eating habits, driver’s lifestyle, and anthropometric measurements. The analysis was completed using SPSS 21 software;STATA 13;SPAD 5.5 and Excel. Results: Of the 309 drivers, 27.18% and 17.80% were obese and hypertensive, respectively. The risk of developing HBP and obesity was higher among drivers with ≥20 years of driving experience. The risk of obesity was 3.99 (95% CI = 1.65 - 9.64);14.57 (95% CI = 3.65 - 58.16) and 15.23 (95% CI = 3.30 - 70.40) times higher in drivers with 10 - 14, 15 - 19 and 20 years of experience respectively. The risk of HBP was 3.64 (95% CI = 1.22 - 10.85);5.08 (95% CI = 1.18 - 21.92) and 9.42 (95% CI = 1.87 - 47.44) times higher in drivers with 10 - 14;15 - 19 years and 20 years of service, respectively. The more involved the drivers were in sporting activities, the less likely they are to be obese (RR = 0.46;95% CI = 0.24 - 0.88);the risk of HBP was 1.96 (95% CI = 1.05 - 3.67) times higher among drivers who were unable to make trips of at least 10 minutes. And the risk of HBP was less when drivers did not snack while traveling (RR = 0.43;95% CI = 0.21 - 0.90) than when they did. When a driver ate at least 3 meals a day, the risk of being obese was 5.75 (95% CI = 3.15 - 10.48) times higher. The risk of HBP was 4.04 (95% CI = 2.20 - 7.41) times higher in obese drivers than in those with a normal body mass index. Conclusion: Obesity and HBP are common conditions amongst the population of bus drivers. They are particularly exposed due to their socio-professional characteristics, their eating habits, and their lifestyle. These observations call for nutritional and sports education campaigns among bus drivers. 展开更多
关键词 OBESITY High Blood Pressure Cardiovascular Disease Chronic Disease Non-Communicable Disease DRIVERS Cameroon
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Impact of five annual rounds of mass drug administration with ivermectin on onchocerciasis in Sierra Leone 被引量:2
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作者 Joseph B.Koroma Santigie Sesay +7 位作者 Abdul Conteh Benjamin Koudou Jusufu Paye Mohamed Bah Mustapha Sonnie Mary H.Hodges Yaobi Zhang Moses J.Bockarie 《Infectious Diseases of Poverty》 SCIE 2018年第1期314-325,共12页
Background:Onchocerciasis is endemic in 12 of the 14 health districts of Sierra Leone.Good treatment coverage of community-directed treatment with ivermectin was achieved between 2005 and 2009 after the 11-year civil ... Background:Onchocerciasis is endemic in 12 of the 14 health districts of Sierra Leone.Good treatment coverage of community-directed treatment with ivermectin was achieved between 2005 and 2009 after the 11-year civil conflict.Sentinel site surveys were conducted in 2010 to evaluate the impact of five annual rounds of ivermectin distribution.Methods:In total,39 sentinel villages from hyper-and meso-endemic areas across the 12 endemic districts were surveyed using skin snips in 2010.Results were analyzed and compared with the baseline data from the same 39 villages.Results:The average microfilaridermia(MF)prevalence across 39 sentinel villages was 53.10%at baseline.The MF prevalence was higher in older age groups,with the lowest in the age group of 1-9 years(11.00%)and the highest in the age group of 40-49 years(82.31%).Overall mean MF density among the positives was 28.87 microfilariae(mf)/snip,increasing with age with the lowest in the age group of 1-9 years and the highest in the age group of 40-49 years.Males had higher MF prevalence and density than females.In 2010 after five rounds of mass drug administration,the overall MF prevalence decreased by 60.26%from 53.10%to 21.10%;the overall mean MF density among the positives decreased by 71.29%from 28.87 mf/snip to 8.29 mf/snip;and the overall mean MF density among all persons examined decreased by 88.58%from 15.33 mf/snip to 1.75 mf/snip.Ten of 12 endemic districts had>50%reduction in MF prevalence.Eleven of 12 districts had≥50%reduction in mean MF density among the positives.Conclusions:A significant reduction of onchocerciasis MF prevalence and mean density was recorded in all 12 districts of Sierra Leone after five annual MDAs with effective treatment coverage.The results suggested that the onchocerciasis elimination programme in Sierra Leone was on course to reach the objective of eliminating onchocerciasis in the country by the year 2025.Annual MDA with ivermectin should continue in all 12 districts and further evaluations are needed across the country to assist the NTDP with programme decision making. 展开更多
关键词 ONCHOCERCIASIS Onchocerca volvulus Mass drug administration Community-directed treatment with ivermectin Community-directed drug distributor Skin snip Onchocerciasis-endemic POST-CONFLICT Disease elimination Rapid diagnostic test
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Soil-transmitted helminth infection in school age children in Sierra Leone after a decade of preventive chemotherapy interventions 被引量:1
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作者 Yakuba Mohamed Bah Mohamed Salieu Bah +8 位作者 Jusufu Paye Abdulai Conteh Sam Saffa Alie Tia Mustapha Sonnie Amy Veinoglou Joseph J.Amon Mary Hamer Hodges Yaobi Zhang 《Infectious Diseases of Poverty》 SCIE 2019年第4期31-40,共10页
Background:Baseline mapping of soil-transmitted helminth(STH)infections among school age children(SAC)in 2008-2009 found high or moderate prevalence in 13 of the 14 districts in Sierra Leone.Following these surveys,ma... Background:Baseline mapping of soil-transmitted helminth(STH)infections among school age children(SAC)in 2008-2009 found high or moderate prevalence in 13 of the 14 districts in Sierra Leone.Following these surveys,mass drug administration(MDA)of mebendazole/albendazole was conducted biannually at national level targeting pre-school children(PSC)aged 12-59 months and intermittently at sub-national level targeting SAC.In addition,MDA with ivermectin and albendazole for eliminating lymphatic filariasis(LF)has been conducted nationwide since 2010 targeting individuals over 5 years of age.Each MDA achieved high coverage,except in 2014 when all but one round of MDA for PSC was cancelled due to the Ebola emergency.The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of STH infections among SAC after a decade of these deworming campaigns.Methods:Seventy-three schools in 14 districts were purposefully selected,including 39 schools from the baseline surveys,with approximately two sites from each of low,moderate and high prevalence categories at baseline per district.Fresh stool samples were collected from 3632 children aged 9-14 years(male 51%,female 49%)and examined using the Kato Katz technique.Results:The prevalence of STH infections in Sierra Leone decreased in 2016 compared to 2008:Ascaris lumbricoides 4.4%(95%confidence interval[CI]:3.7-5.1%)versus 6.6%(95%CI:0-25%),Trichuris trichiura 0.7%(95%CI:0.5-1.1%)versus 1.8%(95%CI:0-30.2%),hookworm 14.9%(95%CI:13.8-16.1)versus 38.5%(95%CI:5.4-95.1%),and any STH 18.3%(95%CI:17.0-19.5%)versus 48.3%(CI:5.4-96.3%),respectively.In 2016,no district had high hookworm prevalence and four districts had moderate prevalence,compared with eight and four districts respectively in 2008.In 2016,the arithmetic mean hookworm egg count in all children examined was light:45.5 eggs per gram(EPG)of faeces,(95%CI:\35.96-55.07 EPG);three(0.08%)children had heavy infections and nine(0.25%)children had moderate infections.Conclusions:Sierra Leone has made considerable progress toward controlling STH as a public health problem among SAC.As LF MDA phases out(between 2017 and 2021),transition of deworming to other platforms and water and sanitation strategies need to be strengthened to maintain STH control and ultimately interrupt transmission. 展开更多
关键词 Soil transmitted helminths Sierra Leone Mass drug administration Epidemiological coverage Impact assessment Water sanitation and hygiene
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