Toxic substances released as a result of leaching from painted surfaces to the aquatic environment affect both fouling organisms and “non-target” biota. Artemia fransiscana nauplii have been considered a useful test...Toxic substances released as a result of leaching from painted surfaces to the aquatic environment affect both fouling organisms and “non-target” biota. Artemia fransiscana nauplii have been considered a useful test system for the examination of toxicity for antifouling paints. In this study, we examined the effect of four “tin free” self-polishing copolymer (SPC) antifouling paints on the larval development of Artemia nauplii. Based on the L(S/V)50 values the order of toxicity of the antifouling paints was: ANTI F > SHARKSKIN > OCEAN T/F > MICRON. Furthermore, the body size of Artemia nauplii was significantly affected at lethal and above lethal L(S/V)5024h values. The body size of 48 h-aged nauplii exposed for the last 24 hours to each of the four SPC antifouling paints was significantly lower than that of the 48 h-aged controls (0.88 ± 0.030 mm). In addition, the body size of 72 h-aged nauplii maintained for the last 24 hours to pure synthetic seawater after exposure for 24 hours to each of the four SPC antifouling paints was significantly lower than that of the 72 h-aged controls (0.96 ±0.027 mm). Overall, the SPCs examined here were substantially toxic to Artemia nauplii, but with different toxicities and modes of action, as a result of the synergistic action of distinct components of the antifouling paints.展开更多
Reliable,nondestructive fish freshness evaluation applicable during fish commercialization has been continuously pursued by scientists and industry.Taking into account that fish texture is primarily affected even at ...Reliable,nondestructive fish freshness evaluation applicable during fish commercialization has been continuously pursued by scientists and industry.Taking into account that fish texture is primarily affected even at early stages of post-mortem storage,a relevant nondestructive testing framework for rapid textural assessment of fish freshness was developed in the past.Herein,an algorithm operating within the aforementioned framework and optimized for use in industrial environments is proposed.Sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)both freshly killed and stored on ice for 6 days have been used for comparative testing.The fish is part of a system,which is vibrationtested via a new testing protocol designed for easy implementation and robustness to noise.At the same time,a new closed-form analytical expression for the system response to the specific testing is computed and used along with experimental data,for obtaining specific mechanical(thus muscle-structural)characteristics of fish flesh.This computation is designed to only require readily available routines found in most relevant software.The algorithmic operational framework has been used in two different test setups(a custom-built test rig and a prototype device),with results following remarkably similar trends,clearly discriminating different textural(thus freshness)characteristics,and consequently validating the proposed approach.展开更多
文摘Toxic substances released as a result of leaching from painted surfaces to the aquatic environment affect both fouling organisms and “non-target” biota. Artemia fransiscana nauplii have been considered a useful test system for the examination of toxicity for antifouling paints. In this study, we examined the effect of four “tin free” self-polishing copolymer (SPC) antifouling paints on the larval development of Artemia nauplii. Based on the L(S/V)50 values the order of toxicity of the antifouling paints was: ANTI F > SHARKSKIN > OCEAN T/F > MICRON. Furthermore, the body size of Artemia nauplii was significantly affected at lethal and above lethal L(S/V)5024h values. The body size of 48 h-aged nauplii exposed for the last 24 hours to each of the four SPC antifouling paints was significantly lower than that of the 48 h-aged controls (0.88 ± 0.030 mm). In addition, the body size of 72 h-aged nauplii maintained for the last 24 hours to pure synthetic seawater after exposure for 24 hours to each of the four SPC antifouling paints was significantly lower than that of the 72 h-aged controls (0.96 ±0.027 mm). Overall, the SPCs examined here were substantially toxic to Artemia nauplii, but with different toxicities and modes of action, as a result of the synergistic action of distinct components of the antifouling paints.
基金FutureEUAqua project(Future growth in sustainable,resilient and climate friendly organic and conventional European aquaculture)funded by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 817737The authors are particularly grateful to associates Mr.Emmanuel Tzevelekakis MSc who has been in charge for designing and building the Texture Evaluation device used for part of testing in this work and Dr.Panagiotis Christofilogiannis(AQUARK)for coordinating and providing the means for the Texture Evaluation device development.
文摘Reliable,nondestructive fish freshness evaluation applicable during fish commercialization has been continuously pursued by scientists and industry.Taking into account that fish texture is primarily affected even at early stages of post-mortem storage,a relevant nondestructive testing framework for rapid textural assessment of fish freshness was developed in the past.Herein,an algorithm operating within the aforementioned framework and optimized for use in industrial environments is proposed.Sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)both freshly killed and stored on ice for 6 days have been used for comparative testing.The fish is part of a system,which is vibrationtested via a new testing protocol designed for easy implementation and robustness to noise.At the same time,a new closed-form analytical expression for the system response to the specific testing is computed and used along with experimental data,for obtaining specific mechanical(thus muscle-structural)characteristics of fish flesh.This computation is designed to only require readily available routines found in most relevant software.The algorithmic operational framework has been used in two different test setups(a custom-built test rig and a prototype device),with results following remarkably similar trends,clearly discriminating different textural(thus freshness)characteristics,and consequently validating the proposed approach.
