Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is a globally important oil crop.Web blotch is one of the most important foliar diseases affecting peanut,which results in serious yield losses worldwide.Breeding web blotch-resistant peanut...Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is a globally important oil crop.Web blotch is one of the most important foliar diseases affecting peanut,which results in serious yield losses worldwide.Breeding web blotch-resistant peanut varieties is the most effective and economically viable method for minimizing yield losses due to web blotch.In the current study,a bulked segregant analysis with next-generation sequencing was used to analyze an F2:3 segregating population and identify candidate loci related to web blotch resistance.Based on the fine-mapping of the candidate genomic interval using kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)markers,we identified a novel web blotch resistance-related locus spanning approximately 169 kb on chromosome 16.This region included four annotated genes,of which only Arahy.35VVQ3 had a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding region between the two parents.Two markers(Chr.16.12872635 and Chr.16.12966357)linked to this gene were shown to be co-segregated with the resistance of peanut web blotch by 72 randomly selected recombinant inbred lines(RIL),which could be used in marker-assisted breeding of resistant peanut varieties.展开更多
Oligo probe staining is a low-cost and efficient chromosome identification technique.In this study,oligo genomic in situ hybridization(Oligo-GISH)technology was established in peanut.Peanut A and B subgenome-specific ...Oligo probe staining is a low-cost and efficient chromosome identification technique.In this study,oligo genomic in situ hybridization(Oligo-GISH)technology was established in peanut.Peanut A and B subgenome-specific interspersed repeat(IR)oligo probe sets were developed based on clustering and electronic localization of tandem repeat sequences in the reference genome of Tifrunner.The OligoGISH kit was then used to perform staining of 15 Arachis species.The A-subgenome probe set stained the chromosomes of A-and E-genome Arachis species,the B-subgenome probe set stained those of B-,F-,K-,and E-genome species,and neither set stained those of H-genome species.These results indicate the relationships among the genomes of these Arachis species.The Oligo-GISH kit was also used for batch staining of the chromosomes of 389 seedlings from the irradiated M1generation,allowing 67 translocation and deletion lines to be identified.Subsequent Oligo-FISH karyotyping,FISH using single-copy probe libraries,and trait investigation identified seven homozygous chromosomal variants from the M3generation and suggested that there may be genes on chromosome 4B controlling seed number per pod.These findings demonstrate that the IR probe sets and method developed in this study can facilitate research on distant hybridization and genetic improvement in peanut.展开更多
Oil and protein content and fatty acid composition are quality traits in peanut.Elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying these traits may help researchers to obtain improved cultivars by molecular breeding.Whole-...Oil and protein content and fatty acid composition are quality traits in peanut.Elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying these traits may help researchers to obtain improved cultivars by molecular breeding.Whole-genome resequencing of a recombinant inbred population of 318 lines was performed to construct a high-density linkage map and identify QTL for peanut quality.The map,containing 4561 bin markers,covered 2032 c M with a mean marker density of 0.45 c M.A total of 110 QTL for oil and protein content,and fatty acid composition were mapped on the 18 peanut chromosomes.The QTL q A05.1 was detected in four environments and showed a major phenotypic effect on the contents of oil,protein,and six fatty acids.The genomic region spanned by q A05.1,corresponding to a physical interval of approximately 1.5 Mb,contains two SNPs polymorphic between the parents that could cause missense mutations.The two SNP sites were employed as KASP markers and validated using lines with extremely high and low oil contents.These sites may be useful in the marker-assisted breeding of peanut cultivars with high oil contents.展开更多
Fresh-seed germination(FSG)impairs peanut production,especially in areas where the peanut harvest season coincides with rainy weather.Developing FSG-resistant cultivars by molecular breeding is expected to mitigate yi...Fresh-seed germination(FSG)impairs peanut production,especially in areas where the peanut harvest season coincides with rainy weather.Developing FSG-resistant cultivars by molecular breeding is expected to mitigate yield loss and quality impairment caused by FSG.However,the genetic control of FSG awaits elucidation.In this study,FSG at 1,3,5,7,and 9 days post-imbibition in three environments were tested,and quantitative-trait loci(QTL)associated with FSG were mapped in a peanut recombinant inbred line population by leveraging existing high-density peanut genetic maps.Of 24 QTL identified in 13 linkage groups,qFSGA04 was a stable major QTL on linkage group 04(LG04).It was consistently detected in five germination stages and three environments.By designing and validating DNA markers in the confidence interval of qFSGA04,we identified one single-nucleotide polymorphism and one In Del closely associated with FSG that could be used as linked markers for FSG resistance in peanut breeding.展开更多
Dear Editor,Plant viruses make up almost half of the plant disease-causing pathogens,affecting crop yields and the global economy(Savary et al.,2019).Soybean(Glycine max)is one of the most valuable legume crops in the...Dear Editor,Plant viruses make up almost half of the plant disease-causing pathogens,affecting crop yields and the global economy(Savary et al.,2019).Soybean(Glycine max)is one of the most valuable legume crops in the world,supplying 25%of the global edible oil and two-thirds of the global concentrated protein for livestock feeding.Recently,the outbreak of soybean stay-green syndrome with delayed leaf senescence(stay-green),flat pods,and increased number of abnormal seeds has swept the soybean production in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China,resulting in huge yield losses(Xu et al.,2019).This disease has become an epidemic and prominent problem in soybean production and is still expanding its geography,including North America,posing a serious threat to soybean production(Harbach et al.,2016;Zhang et al.,2016;Li et al.,2019).However,the cause of soybean stay-green syndrome remains obscure.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research Project of the Shennong Laboratory,China(SN01-2022-03)the Henan Provincial Science and Technology R&D Program Joint Fund(Superiority Discipline Cultivation)Project,China(222301420100)+4 种基金the Major Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province,China(221100110300)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13)the Henan Provincial Agriculture Research System,China(S2012-5)the Outstanding Young Scientists of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(2022YQ16)the Independent Innovation Project of the Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(2023ZC093)。
文摘Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is a globally important oil crop.Web blotch is one of the most important foliar diseases affecting peanut,which results in serious yield losses worldwide.Breeding web blotch-resistant peanut varieties is the most effective and economically viable method for minimizing yield losses due to web blotch.In the current study,a bulked segregant analysis with next-generation sequencing was used to analyze an F2:3 segregating population and identify candidate loci related to web blotch resistance.Based on the fine-mapping of the candidate genomic interval using kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)markers,we identified a novel web blotch resistance-related locus spanning approximately 169 kb on chromosome 16.This region included four annotated genes,of which only Arahy.35VVQ3 had a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding region between the two parents.Two markers(Chr.16.12872635 and Chr.16.12966357)linked to this gene were shown to be co-segregated with the resistance of peanut web blotch by 72 randomly selected recombinant inbred lines(RIL),which could be used in marker-assisted breeding of resistant peanut varieties.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801397)Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2020JQ03)+3 种基金Independent Innovation Foundation of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(2022ZC69)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(201300111000)Henan Provincial Agriculture Research System(S2012-5)。
文摘Oligo probe staining is a low-cost and efficient chromosome identification technique.In this study,oligo genomic in situ hybridization(Oligo-GISH)technology was established in peanut.Peanut A and B subgenome-specific interspersed repeat(IR)oligo probe sets were developed based on clustering and electronic localization of tandem repeat sequences in the reference genome of Tifrunner.The OligoGISH kit was then used to perform staining of 15 Arachis species.The A-subgenome probe set stained the chromosomes of A-and E-genome Arachis species,the B-subgenome probe set stained those of B-,F-,K-,and E-genome species,and neither set stained those of H-genome species.These results indicate the relationships among the genomes of these Arachis species.The Oligo-GISH kit was also used for batch staining of the chromosomes of 389 seedlings from the irradiated M1generation,allowing 67 translocation and deletion lines to be identified.Subsequent Oligo-FISH karyotyping,FISH using single-copy probe libraries,and trait investigation identified seven homozygous chromosomal variants from the M3generation and suggested that there may be genes on chromosome 4B controlling seed number per pod.These findings demonstrate that the IR probe sets and method developed in this study can facilitate research on distant hybridization and genetic improvement in peanut.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaSpecial Project for National Supercomputing Zhengzhou Center Innovation Ecosystem Construction(201400210600)+4 种基金Outstanding Young Scientists of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2020YQ08)Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars from Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2019JQ02)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)Henan Provincial Agriculture Research System,China(S2012-5)Henan Provincial Young Talents Supporting Project(2020HYTP044)。
文摘Oil and protein content and fatty acid composition are quality traits in peanut.Elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying these traits may help researchers to obtain improved cultivars by molecular breeding.Whole-genome resequencing of a recombinant inbred population of 318 lines was performed to construct a high-density linkage map and identify QTL for peanut quality.The map,containing 4561 bin markers,covered 2032 c M with a mean marker density of 0.45 c M.A total of 110 QTL for oil and protein content,and fatty acid composition were mapped on the 18 peanut chromosomes.The QTL q A05.1 was detected in four environments and showed a major phenotypic effect on the contents of oil,protein,and six fatty acids.The genomic region spanned by q A05.1,corresponding to a physical interval of approximately 1.5 Mb,contains two SNPs polymorphic between the parents that could cause missense mutations.The two SNP sites were employed as KASP markers and validated using lines with extremely high and low oil contents.These sites may be useful in the marker-assisted breeding of peanut cultivars with high oil contents.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)Henan Provincial Agriculture Research System,China(S2012-5)+1 种基金Major Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province(201300111000)the Henan Provincial R&D Projects of Interregional Cooperation for Local Scientific and Technological Development Guided by Central Government(YDZX20214100004191)。
文摘Fresh-seed germination(FSG)impairs peanut production,especially in areas where the peanut harvest season coincides with rainy weather.Developing FSG-resistant cultivars by molecular breeding is expected to mitigate yield loss and quality impairment caused by FSG.However,the genetic control of FSG awaits elucidation.In this study,FSG at 1,3,5,7,and 9 days post-imbibition in three environments were tested,and quantitative-trait loci(QTL)associated with FSG were mapped in a peanut recombinant inbred line population by leveraging existing high-density peanut genetic maps.Of 24 QTL identified in 13 linkage groups,qFSGA04 was a stable major QTL on linkage group 04(LG04).It was consistently detected in five germination stages and three environments.By designing and validating DNA markers in the confidence interval of qFSGA04,we identified one single-nucleotide polymorphism and one In Del closely associated with FSG that could be used as linked markers for FSG resistance in peanut breeding.
基金supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants 31925032 and 32172376the Startup Fund for Distinguished Scholars from Nanjing Agricultural University to Y.X.and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JCQY202104)。
文摘Dear Editor,Plant viruses make up almost half of the plant disease-causing pathogens,affecting crop yields and the global economy(Savary et al.,2019).Soybean(Glycine max)is one of the most valuable legume crops in the world,supplying 25%of the global edible oil and two-thirds of the global concentrated protein for livestock feeding.Recently,the outbreak of soybean stay-green syndrome with delayed leaf senescence(stay-green),flat pods,and increased number of abnormal seeds has swept the soybean production in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China,resulting in huge yield losses(Xu et al.,2019).This disease has become an epidemic and prominent problem in soybean production and is still expanding its geography,including North America,posing a serious threat to soybean production(Harbach et al.,2016;Zhang et al.,2016;Li et al.,2019).However,the cause of soybean stay-green syndrome remains obscure.