Establishment and verification of theβ_(2)-AR desensitization asthma mice

Objective:To establish and verify aβ_(2)-AR desensitization asthma mice model.Methods:A total of 30 SPF male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank group,the common asthma group,andβ_(2)-AR desensitization asthma model group.Asthma model was established,and on this basis,the method of atom-izing inhalation and intraperitoneal injections of salbutamol was used to prepareβ_(2)-AR desensitization asthma model.After the last stimulation on the 21st day of modeling,the airway resistance of mice was measured.ELISA was used to detect the content of serum IgE;HE staining was used to observe the lung organization degree of infla-mmatory cell infiltration;Western blot method was used to detect theβ_(2)-AR content in lung tissue,RT-PCR was used to detect theβ_(2)-ARmRNA expressionin lung tissue.Results:Compared with the blank group,as acetyl choline(Mch)levels increased,groups of OVA induced airway resistance increases;but theβ_(2)-AR desensitization asthma model group increased airway resistance was more significant(P<0.05);compared with the blank group,IgE levels of common asthma group andβ_(2)-AR desensitization asthma model group elevated(P<0.01).The pathological histology observation found theβ_(2)-AR desensitization asthma airway inflammation infiltration in mice,the excessive mucus secretion and collagen deposition,and the pathological performance obviously increase compared with the common asthma group;β_(2)-AR content in the lung tissue ofβ_(2)-AR desensitization asthma model in mice,β_(2)-AR mRNA expression level in the blank group and common asthma model group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Theβ_(2)-AR desensitization asthma mouse model was successfully established,and the buildingcycle was short.

Research on Effect of Age Parameter in Second Language Acquisition

In the filed of Second Language Acquisition (SLA),language learners'final competence and learning efficiency could be greatly influenced by individual differences,including language aptitude,learners'motivation,first language context and age.These individual differences mentioned above are always regarded as the remarkable parameters in the study on SLA.As one of the most influential parameter,age newly has been re-fetched by contemporary SLA researchers and in this research field critical and sensitive period hypothesis are set as highly valuable research target to explore the problems of learning rate,teaching method ology and language policy.This article firstly introduces the basic theoretical framework of critical and sensitive period hypothesis,and then explores the relation of these two hypotheses and the SLA by existing experimental results.Based on detailed theoretical introduction and exploration of recent research experiment,implications of critical and sensitive period hypothesis are further ap plied in the Chinese teaching context,i.e.the feasibility of age-based multi-methodology teaching method.Meanwhile,exist ing limitations of current major research in this filed also will be presented in order to assist the future experimental study in Chi nese teaching context,especially university ESL teaching.

Intercultural language education: New understanding of EFL teaching and learning

1 Introduction In twentieth century language teaching classroom,most of teachers tended to stress grammatical rather than cultural purposes and this phenomenon has been recognized by related researchers as a potential severe trap in the EFL(English as a Foreign Language)teaching.Lo Bianco(2003,pp.11-12)presents that culture is always absent from EFL classroom in twentieth century,and teachers just focuses on linguistic knowledge,such as vocabulary and grammar rules,and just introduces a little culture of foreign language in the end of the class which makes language learning lack of connection and deep understanding.Thus,teachers should not solely consider language education as teaching linguistic codes,

Neo-realistic Features in Snow Child

This essay illustrates neo-realistic features in Snow Child.This short story inherits and develops"the typical character in the typical environment"and the traditional linear time order in realistic works.At the same time,it has some changes and transcendent.It uses real brands,events and goods in reality to create a-true to-life picture of the contemporary world.It explores deeper in character's psychology and creates a circular narration with three flashbacks.

Randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial for integrated treatment of community-acquired pneumonia based on Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment based on syndrome differentiation ofTraditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) for community-acquired pneumonia(CAP).METHODS:A total of 240 CAP patients were randomly divided into the following two groups:thecontrol group was treated by anti-infection plus conventional medicine treatment;and the trial group was treated by TCM plus the above-mentioned treatment given to the controls.The course of treatment was 14 days,and the patients were followed up for 7 days.RESULTS:Of the 240 patients,235 accomplished the whole process of treatment.The five patients who withdrew from the study were brought into an intent-to-treat analysis.The therapeutic effects of the trial group were superior to those of the control group(P<0.01).The trial group took less time to become clinically stable,with a higher score in the quality of life(P<0.01).There were no significant differences in mortality rate(P>0.05),white blood cell count(P>0.05),bacterial clearance rate(P>0.05),and adverse reactions between the two integrated groups.CONCLUSION:Treatment based on TCM syndrome differentiation for CAP has the advantages of resulting in less time to achieve a stable clinical condition,improvement of clinical symptoms and quality of life,and is comparatively safe.

Design,Synthesis and Bioactivities Evaluation of Novel Quinazoline Analogs Containing Oxazole Units

A novel type of quinazoline derivatives,which were designed by the combination of quinazoline as the back-bone and oxazole scaffold as the substituent,have been synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated for anti-proliferative activities and EGFR inhibitory potency.Compound 12b demonstrated the most potent inhibi-tory activity(IC_(50)=0.95μmol/L for EGFR),which could be optimized as a potential EGFR inhibitor in the further study.The structures of the synthesized quinazoline analogs and all intermediates were comfirmed by 1H and 13C NMR,2D NMR spectra,IR spectra and MS spectra.

Fuzhengpaidu granule regulates immune activation molecules CD38 and human leukocyte antigen-D related on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Fuzhengpaidu granule (FZPDG) on immune activation molecules CD38 and human leukocyte antigen-D related (HLA-DR) on CD4+ and CD8+ cells in HIV/AIDS patients, and to explore the underlying mechanism of this therapy. METHODS: Plasma changes in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+CD4+CD38+, CD3+CD4+HLA-DR+, CD3+ CD8+CD38+, and CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+levels in HIV/ AIDS patients treated with FZPDG for six months were examined by flow cytometry and compared with levels in healthy controls. RESULTS: The clinical trial included 34 outpatients with HIV/AIDS. Before treatment, plasma levels of CD38+ and HLA-DR+ on CD4/CD8 cells were higherthan those in 28 health controls (P<0.05). There were no significant changes in serum levels of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells between pretreatment baseline versus after treatment, which were 82.85% ± 5.41% , 14.57% ± 10.31% and 54.55% ± 11.43% before treatment and 79.15% ± 8.21% , 19.96% ± 9.58% and 56.36% ± 11.67% after treatment, respectively (P>0.05). Plasma levels of CD3+ CD4+CD38+and CD3+CD4+HLA-DR+were 2.3%± 2.2% and 7.8%±5.5% before treatment and 1.2%± 0.8% and 2.6%±1.0% after treatment, respectively. Plasma levels of CD3+CD8+CD38+ and CD3+CD8+ HLA-DR+ were 41.4%±13.4% and 17.8%±11.3% beforetreatment,whichchangedto27.1%±10.2%and 3.8%±2.4%aftertreatment,respectively(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: HIV/AIDS patients exhibited an immune activation profile following FZPDG treatment. A potential mechanism of action for FZPDG appears to lie in its ability to up-regulate CD38 and HLA-DR levels on CD4+ T cells, and down-regulate them on CD8+ cells, thereby modulating immune activation of CD4+and CD8+T cells.