Broadband third-order optical nonlinearities of layered franckeite towards mid-infrared regime

The study of nonlinear optical responses in the mid-infrared(mid-IR)regime is essential for advancing ultrafast mid-IR laser applications.However,nonlinear optical effects under mid-IR excitation are rarely reported due to the lack of suitable nonlinear optical materials.The natural van derWaals heterostructure franckeite,known for its narrow bandgap and stability in air,shows great potential for developing mid-IR nonlinear optical devices.We have experimentally demonstrated that layered franckeite exhibits a broadband wavelength-dependent nonlinear optical response in the mid-IR spectral region.Franckeite nanosheets were prepared using a liquid-phase exfoliation method,and their nonlinear optical response was characterized in the spectral range of 3000 nm to 5000 nm.The franckeite nanosheets exhibit broadband wavelengthdependent third-order nonlinearities,with nonlinear absorption and refraction coefficients estimated to be about 10^(-7)cm/W and 10^(-11)cm^(2)/W,respectively.Additionally,a passively Q-switched fluoride fiber laser operating around a wavelength of 2800 nm was achieved,delivering nanosecond pulses with a signal-to-noise ratio of 43.6 dB,based on the nonlinear response of franckeite.These findings indicate that layered franckeite possesses broadband nonlinear optical characteristics in the mid-IR region,potentially enabling new possibilities for mid-IR photonic devices.

Analysis on characteristics of extreme precipitation indices and atmospheric circulation in Northern Shanxi

This article utilizes daily precipitation data from 28 national meteorological stations in northern Shanxi Province spanning from 1972 to 2020,and the US NCEP/NCAR monthly average reanalysis and ERA5 monthly average reanalysis data.The study employs techniques such as empirical orthogonal function(EOF)decomposition,MannKendall mutation and other methods to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of extreme precipitation index in northern Shanxi and their correlation with atmospheric circulation.The research results show that:the absolute index,relative index,intensity index and sustained dry period index(CDD)in the continuous index appear from southwest to northeast.The spatial distribution characteristics of the central region decrease,while the continuous wet period(CWD)decreases from the central to the east and west.The three indices Rx1day,Rx5day,and CWD mutated in 1978,1975,and 1983 respectively,and other extreme precipitation indices all appeared in a sudden change from a low-value period to a high-value period occurred around 2010.In the high-value years of the summer extreme precipitation index,there is a significant negative anomaly in the height field in the mid-high latitude regions of Eurasia.Northern Shanxi is controlled by a broad low-pressure trough in the Lake Baikal area.Water vapor transported via the east,west,and south routes converges in the northern Shanxi region and encounters cold air from the north.There is a strong upward motion anomaly at 500 hPa in the troposphere,and the dynamic conditions of upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence lead to more summer extreme precipitation in the northern Shanxi region.Conversely,in the low-value years of the summer extreme precipitation index,northern Shanxi is affected by a strong high-pressure ridge north of Lake Baikal.There is a downward motion anomaly at 500 hPa,and the northern Shanxi region lacks water vapor.The cold and warm air cannot converge,and both the water vapor conditions and dynamic conditions are poor,which is not conducive to the production of extreme precipitation in northern Shanxi.

Research on the Application of Flexible Electronics Technology in Wearable Devices

This study employs theoretical analysis to explore the application prospects of flexible electronics technology in wearable devices. The research first reviews the development history and theoretical foundations of flexible electronics technology, including materials science, electronic engineering, and human-computer interaction theory. Through systematic analysis, the study evaluates the theoretical potential of flexible displays, flexible sensors, and flexible energy storage devices in wearable technology. The research finds that flexible electronics technology can significantly improve the comfort, functionality, and durability of wearable devices. Theoretical analysis indicates that flexible sensors have unique advantages in physiological monitoring and human-computer interaction, while flexible displays and batteries may revolutionize the form and usage patterns of wearable devices. However, the study also points out theoretical challenges faced by flexible electronics technology, such as material stability and feasibility of large-scale manufacturing. To address these challenges, the research proposes an interdisciplinary research framework, emphasizing the synergistic innovation of materials science, electronic engineering, and ergonomics. Finally, the study envisions the theoretical prospects of integrating flexible electronics with other emerging technologies, providing directions for future research.

Thermal radiation and nonthermal radiation of the slowly changing dynamic Kerr-Newman black hole

Using the related formula of dynamic black hole, we have calculated the instantaneous radiation energy density of the slowly changing dynamic Kerr-Newman black hole. It is found that the instantaneous radiation energy density of a black hole is always proportional to the quartic of the temperature of the event horizon in the same direction. By using the Hamilton-Jacobin equation of scalar particles in the curved spacetime, the spontaneous radiation of the slowly changing dynamic Kerr-Newman black hole is studied. The energy condition for the occurrence of the spontaneous radiation is obtained.

Ursodeoxycholic acid induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in mice

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: BALB/c nude mice were randomized into four groups 24 h before subcutaneous injection of hepatocarcinoma BEL7402 cells suspended in phosphate buffered saline(PBS) into the right flank. The control group(n = 10) was fed a standard diet while treatment groups(n = 10 each) were fed a standard daily diet supplemented with different concentrations of UDCA(30,50 and 70 mg/kg per day) for 21 d. Tumor growth was measured once each week,and tumor volume(V) was calculated with the following equation: V =(L × W2) × 0.52,where L is the length and W is the width of the xenograft. After 21 d,mice were killed under ether anesthesia,and tumors were excised and weighed. Apoptosis was evaluated through detection of DNA fragmentation with gel electrophoresis and the terminaldeoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of apoptosisrelated proteins BAX,BCL2,APAF1,cleaved caspase-9,and cleaved caspase-3.RESULTS: UDCA suppressed tumor growth relative to controls. The mean tumor volumes were the following: control,1090 ± 89 mm3; 30 mg/kg per day,612 ± 46 mm3; 50 mg/kg per day,563 ± 38 mm3; and 70 mg/kg per day,221 ± 26 mm3. Decreased tumor volumes reached statistical significance relative to control xenografts(30 mg/kg per day,P < 0.05; 50 mg/kg per day,P < 0.05; 70 mg/kg per day,P < 0.01). Increasing concentrations of UDCA led to increased DNA fragmentation observed on gel electrophoresis and in the TUNEL assay(control,1.6% ± 0.3%; 30 mg/kg per day,2.9% ± 0.5%; 50 mg/kg per day,3.15% ± 0.7%,and 70 mg/kg per day,4.86% ± 0.9%). Western blot analysis revealed increased expression of BAX,APAF1,cleaved-caspase-9 and cleaved-caspase-3 proteins,which induce apoptosis,but decreased expression of BCL2 protein,which is an inhibitor of apoptosis,following administration of UDCA. CONCLUSION: UDCA suppresses growth of BEL7402 hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vivo,in part through apoptosis induction,and is thus a candidate for therapeutic treatment of HCC.

Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity, Amylase Activities and Salt Tolerance of Cucumber Hypocotyls and Radicles

In the present experiment, effects of sodium hydrosulfide （NariS）, a H2S donor, on the oxidative damage, antioxidant capacity and the growth of cucumber hypocotyls and radicles were studied under 100 mmol L^-1 NaCl stress. NaCl treatment significantly induced accumulation of H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances （TBARS） in cucumber hypocotyls and radicles, and application of NariS dramatically reduced the accumulation of H/O2 and lipid peroxidation. However, the alleviating effects greatly depended on the concentrations of NariS, and 400 ~tmol L-1 NariS treatment showed the most significant effects. Corresponding to the change of lipid peroxidation, higher activities of antioxidant enzymes as well as the antioxidant capacity indicated as DPPH scavenging ac＇tivity, chelating activity of ferrous ions and hydroxyl radical （.OH） scavenging activity were induced by Naris treatment under NaCI stress, especially by 400 Ixmol L-I Naris treatment. With the alleviating lipid peroxidation, the amylase activities in cotyledons were increased, and the length of cucumber hypocotyls and radicles were significantly promoted by NariS treatment under NaCI stress. Unlike the effects of NariS, pretreatment with other sodium salts including Na2S, NazSO4, NaHSO4, Na2SO3, NaHSO3 and NaAc did not show significant effects on the growth of cucumber hypocotyls and radicles. These salts do not release H2S. Based on above results, it can be concluded that the effects of NariS in the experiment depended on the H2S rather than other compounds derived from NariS, and the alleviating effects might related with its function in modulating antioxidant capacity and amylase activities.

Three-dimensional(3D) Printing Technology Assisted by Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pubic Rami Fractures

The feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology cgmbined with minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of pubic rami fractures was explored.From August 2015 to October 2017,a series of 30 patients who underwent surgical stabilization of their anterior pelvic ring (all utilizing the 3D printing technology)by one surgeon at a single hospital were studied.The minimally invasive incisions were made through anterior inferior cilia spine and pubic nodule.Data collected included the operative duration,the blood loss,the damage of the important tissue,the biographic union and therecovery of the function after the operation.Measurements on inlet and outlet pelvic cardiograph were made immediately post-operation and at all follow-up clinic visits.The scores of reduction and function were measured during follow-up.Results showed that the wounds of 30 patients were healed in the first stage,and there was no injury of important structures such as blood vessels and nerves.According to the Matta criteria,excellent effectiveness was obtained in 22 cases and good in 8 cases.According to the functional evaluation criteria of Majeed,excellent effectiveness was obtained in 21 cases and good in 9 cases.It was suggested that the 3D printing technology assisted by minimally invasive surgery can better evaluate the pelvic fracture before operation,which was helpful in plate modeling, and can shorten surgery duration and reduce intraoperative blood loss and complications. The positioning accuracy was improved,and better surgical result was finally achieved.

Novel Long Non-coding RNA Markers for Prognostic Prediction of Patients with Bladder Cancer

Objective To explore novel long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)molecular markers related to bladder cancer prognosis and to construct a prognostic prediction model for bladder cancer patients.Methods LncRNA expression data of patients with bladder cancer were downloaded from TCGA database.Univariate Cox regression and likelihood-based survival analysis were used to discover prognosis related lncRNAs.Functional studies of prognosis related lncRNAs were conducted by co-expression analysis and pathway enrichment analysis.Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to establish risk score model,and Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off point of the model.The risk score model was validated through Kaplan Meier estimation method and log-rank test.Results Seven prognosis related lncRNAs(OCIAD1-AS1,RP11-111 J6.2,AC079354.3,RP11-553 A21.3,RP11-598 F7.3,CYP4 F35 P and RP11-113 K21.4)which can predict survival of bladder cancer patient were discovered.Co-expression analysis and pathway analysis of these novel lncRNA signature and their target genes further revealed that these lncRNAs play important roles in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer.Additionally,a seven-lncRNA signature based risk score model for prognostic prediction of bladder cancer patients was established and validated.Notably,we identified the potential significance of two tumor-related antisense lncRNAs(OCIAD1-AS1 and RP11-553 A21.3)in the prognosis of bladder cancer.Conclusion Our results suggest that these lncRNA markers may serve as potential prognosis predictors for bladder cancer and deserve further functional verification studies.

A Novel Green Supplier Selection Method Based on the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Prioritized Choquet Bonferroni Means

In view of the environment competencies,selecting the optimal green supplier is one of the crucial issues for enterprises,and multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)methodologies can more easily solve this green supplier selection(GSS)problem.In addition,prioritized aggregation(PA)operator can focus on the prioritization relationship over the criteria,Choquet integral(CI)operator can fully take account of the importance of criteria and the interactions among them,and Bonferroni mean(BM)operator can capture the interrelationships of criteria.However,most existing researches cannot simultaneously consider the interactions,interrelationships and prioritizations over the criteria,which are involved in the GSS process.Moreover,the interval type-2 fuzzy set(IT2FS)is a more effective tool to represent the fuzziness.Therefore,based on the advantages of PA,CI,BM and IT2FS,in this paper,the interval type-2 fuzzy prioritized Choquet normalized weighted BM operators with fuzzy measure and generalized prioritized measure are proposed,and some properties are discussed.Then,a novel MCDM approach for GSS based upon the presented operators is developed,and detailed decision steps are given.Finally,the applicability and practicability of the proposed methodology are demonstrated by its application in the shared-bike GSS and by comparisons with other methods.The advantages of the proposed method are that it can consider interactions,interrelationships and prioritizations over the criteria simultaneously.

Hermite Non-Uniformly Correlated Array Beams and Its Propagation Properties

We study the evolution of spectral intensity and degree of coherence of a new class of partially coherent beams,Hermite non-uniformly correlated array beams,in free space and in turbulence,based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral.Such beams possess controllable rectangular grid distributions due to multi-self-focusing propagation property.Furthermore,it is demonstrated that adjusting the initial beam parameters,mode order,shift parameters,array parameters and correlation width plays a role in resisting intensity and degree of coherence degradation effects of the turbulence.

Trial function method and exact solutions to the generalized nonlinear Schrdinger equation with time-dependent coefficient

In this paper, the trial function method is extended to study the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation with time- dependent coefficients. On the basis of a generalized traveling wave transformation and a trial function, we investigate the exact envelope traveling wave solutions of the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation with time-dependent coefficients. Taking advantage of solutions to trial function, we successfully obtain exact solutions for the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation with time-dependent coefficients under constraint conditions.

Wigner Function of Density Operator for Negative Binomial Distribution

By using the technique of integration within an ordered product （IWOP） of operator we derive Wigner function of density operator for negative binomial distribution of radiation field in the mixed state case, then we derive the Wigner function of squeezed number state, which yields negative binomial distribution by virtue of the entangled state representation and the entangled Wigner operator.

Caenorhabditis elegans deep lipidome profiling by using integrative mass spectrometry acquisitions reveals significantly altered lipid networks

Lipidomics coverage improvement is essential for functional lipid and pathway construction.A powerful approach to discovering organism lipidome is to combine various data acquisitions,such as full scan mass spectrometry(full MS),data-dependent acquisition(DDA),and data-independent acquisition(DIA).Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans)is a useful model for discovering toxic-induced metabolism,highthroughput drug screening,and a variety of human disease pathways.To determine the lipidome of C.elegans and investigate lipid disruption from the molecular level to the system biology level,we used integrative data acquisition.The methyl-tert-butyl ether method was used to extract L4 stage C.elegans after exposure to triclosan(TCS),perfluorooctanoic acid,and nanopolystyrene(nPS).Full MS,DDA,and DIA integrations were performed to comprehensively profile the C.elegans lipidome by Q-Exactive Plus MS.All annotated lipids were then analyzed using lipid ontology and pathway analysis.We annotated up to 940 lipids from 20 lipid classes involved in various functions and pathways.The biological investigations revealed that when C.elegans were exposed to nPS,lipid droplets were disrupted,whereas plasma membrane-functionalized lipids were likely to be changed in the TCS treatment group.The nPS treatment caused a significant disruption in lipid storage.Triacylglycerol,glycerophospholipid,and ether class lipids were those primarily hindered by toxicants.Finally,toxicant exposure frequently involved numerous lipid-related pathways,including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway.In conclusion,an integrative data acquisition strategy was used to characterize the C.elegans lipidome,providing valuable biological insights into hypothesis generation and validation.

Research on Big Data Platform Design in the Context of Digital Agriculture:Case Study of the Peony Industry in Heze City,China

In recent years,China has successfully set up multiple single-product big data platforms.As an indigenous and unique plant in China,the peony contains immense economic returns,strong social benefits,and profound cultural heritage.Its seed oil,as an emerging edible oil,has attracted much attention.Heze city is one of the places optimal for cultivating peonies.In this context,a study of the big data of the peony industry in Heze city bears practical significance.This paper begins with the literature review of big data platforms for the entire industry.Referring to established single-product big data platforms,it reports the results of a case study of the peony industry in Heze city that identify potential difficulties and problems regarding the building of a big data platform for the peony industry that incorporates the five dimensions of service,management,application,resource,and technology.

Novel soybean peptide iglycin ameliorates insulin resistance of high-fat diet fed C57BL/6J mice and differentiated 3T3L1 adipocytes with improvement of insulin signaling and mitochondrial function

Soy consumption has been associated with potential health benefits in reducing chronic diseases.These physiological functions have been attributed to soy proteins or more commonly to bioactive peptides.Thus,more studies are required to identify these bioactive peptides,and elucidate their biological mechanisms of action.In the present study,a novel peptide iglycin was purifi ed from soybean seeds with a molecular mass of 3.88 k Da.Thereafter,iglycin reduced fasting blood glucose and restored insulin sensitivity of C57 BL/6 J mice on a high-fat diet with increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1)and AKT in adipose tissue.Furthermore,it improved glucose uptake,induced translocation of intracellular GLUT4 to plasma membrane and activation of insulin signaling in adipocytes under insulin-resistant condition.In addition,it decreased reactive oxygen species production,lipid peroxidation and inhibited adipocyte apoptosis with improved mitochondrial function as evidenced by up-regulation of succinate dehydrogenase activity,mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP store.These data suggested that iglycin ameliorated insulin resistance via activation of insulin signaling,which was associated with inhibition of oxidative stress,adipocyte apoptosis,and improvement of mitochondrial function.

Evaluation of Cold Tolerance of Different Dendrobium Species in North China

T o investigate cold tolerance of different cultivars and species in Dendrobium Sw. in North China, 8 strains of Dendrobium officinal and other 5 Dendrobium species were used to compare their cold-hardiness index in this study. The content of electrolyte leakage was increasing in Dendrobium Sw. as the temperature decreasing, while the content of peroxidase(POD) activity and the soluble sugar showed a rising trend before a downward trend. Besides, external morphology was another evaluation standard of cold tolerance. Thus, there was a significant difference between Dendrobium officinal and other Dendrobium species in the cold tolerance, and their cold tolerance capacity was as follows: s1 > s100 >s13 > 1301 > s300 > Dendrobium nobile > s126 > s145 > s95 > Dendrobium lindleyi > Dendrobium chrysotoxum > Dendrobium thyrsiflorum > Dendrobium lohohense.

Spatial Quantitative Analysis of Garlic Price Data Based on ArcGIS Technology

In order to solve the hidden regional relationship among garlic prices,this paper carries out spatial quantitative analysis of garlic price data based on ArcGIS technology.The specific analysis process is to collect prices of garlic market from 2015 to 2017 in different regions of Shandong Province,using the Moran's Index to obtain monthly Moran indicators are positive,so as to analyze the overall positive relationship between garlic prices;then using the geostatistical analysis tool in ArcGIS to draw a spatial distribution Grid diagram,it was found that the price of garlic has a significant geographical agglomeration phenomenon and showed a multi-center distribution trend.The results showed that the agglomeration centers are Jining,Dongying,Qingdao,and Yantai.At the end of the article,according to the research results,constructive suggestions were made for the regulation of garlic price.Using Moran’s Index and geostatistical analysis tools to analyze the data of garlic price,which made up for the lack of position correlation in the traditional analysis methods and more intuitively and effectively reflected the trend of garlic price from low to high from west to east in Shandong Province and showed a pattern of circular distribution.

Strong Correlation of Abnormal Serum and Urinary Iodine Levels with Papillary Thyroid Cancer:A Case-control Study

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system,and its incidence is increasing worldwide.In China,its incidence has increased from 1.78/104 in 1988 to 10.58/104 in2013.Thyroid cancers are mainly classified into papillary thyroid cancer(PTC),follicular thyroid cancer(FTC),medullary thyroid cancer(MTC).

Advances in biodegradable nanomaterials for photothermal therapy of cancer

Photothermal cancer therapy is an alternative to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. With the development of nanophotothermal agents, this therapy holds immense potential in clinical translation. However, the toxicity issues derived from the fact that nanomaterials are trapped and retained in the reticuloendothelial systems limit their biomedical application.Developing biodegradable photothermal agents is the most practical route to address these concerns. In addition to the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, various internal and external stimuli play key roles on nanomaterials uptake,transport, and clearance. In this review, we summarized novel nanoplatforms for photothermal therapy; these nanoplatforms can elicit stimuli-triggered degradation. We focused on the recent innovative designs endowed with biodegradable photothermal agents under different stimuli, including enzyme, p H, and near-infrared(NIR) laser.

Extended tanh-function Method for Solving Traveling Wave Solutions of Nonlinear Kundu Equation

In this paper, we study the existence of multiple positive periodic solutions for the second order differential equation x′′（t） ＋ p（t）x′（t） ＋ q（t）x（t） = f（t, x（t））.By using Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem, we establish some criteria for the existence and multiple positive periodic solutions for this differential equation.