Microscopic Structure of the Sigmoido-Jugular Junction in the Third-Trimester Fetus

Context and Justification: The sigmoido-jugular junction connects two structures of different compositions and has a complex organization. The sinusoidal portion of its endothelium contains muscle cells in adults. Is this the same presentation observed in fetuses? Objective: To describe the sigmoido-jugular junction in fetuses. Materials and Methods: Over a period of seven months, a histochemical and immunohistochemical study was conducted on 30 sigmoido-jugular junctions taken from 15 fetuses aged at least 32 weeks of gestation. These fetuses were obtained following expulsion due to intrauterine death, after informed consent from the parents. Results: Three portions can be identified: sigmoid, junctional, and jugular. Histochemical preparations revealed the existence of two constant layers and a third layer present only at the jugular level. From the inside out, the layers are as follows: 1) Inner Layer (Endothelium): This layer is clearer from the junction and reveals the presence of smooth muscle cells at the sigmoid level in immunohistochemistry. 2) Outer Layer: At the sigmoid and junctional levels, this layer consists of collagen fibers and becomes median at the jugular level, where it is composed of elastic and muscular collagen fibers. 3) Third Layer: Present only at the jugular level, this layer corresponds to the adventitia. Conclusion: The architecture of the sigmoido-jugular junction in fetuses, which is identical to that in adults, excludes the metaplastic hypothesis regarding endothelial smooth muscle cells in the sigmoid portion. Instead, it favors their role in regulating encephalic venous drainage.

Role of pre-existing incomplete intestinal metaplasia in gastric adenocarcinoma:A retrospective case series analysis

BACKGROUND Risk stratification for patients with gastric precancerous lesions for endoscopic surveillance remains controversial.AIM To analysis of patients having developed gastric adenocarcinoma during the period of follow-up.METHODS We conducted a retrospective study on patients having undergone upper endoscopy prior to the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. The presence and stage of precancerous lesions as well as subtype of intestinal metaplasia at the baseline endoscopy got evaluated. Literature mini-review was performed.RESULTS Out of 1681 subjects in the Biobank, gastric adenocarcinoma was detected in five cases in whom previous endoscopy data with biopsies either from the corpus or antral part were available. All of the patients had incomplete intestinal metaplasia during the baseline endoscopy;all three subjects in whom intestinal metaplasia subtyping was performed according to Filipe et al, had Type Ⅲ intestinal metaplasia. Two of the five cases had low Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment(OLGA) and Operative Link on Gastritis Intestinal Metaplasia Assessment(OLGIM) stages(Ⅰ-Ⅱ) at the baseline.CONCLUSION The presence of incomplete intestinal metaplasia, in particular, that of Type Ⅲ is a better predictor for gastric adenocarcinoma development than OLGA/OLGIM staging system. Subtyping of intestinal metaplasia have an important role in the risk stratification for surveillance decisions.

The recover from the excision in head and neck of femoral after therapy with low level laser

Degenerative articulate diseases, resulting from dysplasia and aseptic necrosis of the femoral head and neck, chronic dislocation of the femur and osteoarthrosis, are often treated surgically by an excision in the femoral head and neck. This procedure entails the formation of a false fibrous articulation, providing pain relief. The action of low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been described in orthopedic applications, to repair both bone and articular tissue. LLLT has demonstrated favorable results in vitro and in vivo in stimulating bone repair. A diode laser, 650 nm, with a potency of 30 mW, was used trans-surgically to irradiate. A diode laser (780 nm and the potency of 40 mW) was used on the skin for post-surgery applications. For the experiment, 10 clinically normal New Zealander rabbits underwent surgery and were then divided into two groups, one submitted to irradiation and the other kept for sham. Fifteen days after the surgery, samples of the newly formed tissue were collected from both groups, for macroscopic evaluation of the fibrous pseudo-articulation forming process on the irradiated and sham groups. The macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the samples, suggest that the utilization of the LLLT in the formation of fibrous pseudo-articulation was effective in accelerating the cicatrization process and in improving the quality of the formed tissue.