Innovation in the Public Sector in the Start-up Nation:Challenges of Technology,Bureaucracy,and Digital Divide

Innovation provides opportunities to all countries,as advancement in technology and globalization of economic markets encourage global competition and increase the role of governments in gaining a strategic competitive advantage while boosting economic growth and productivity.According to the OECD,innovation can make a difference in addressing developmental challenges and providing catalyst for countries to accelerate business processes and practices that improve public service efficiency.The public sector plays a significant role in modern economies and innovation is a necessary condition for improving government services to the public and creating a competitive economy.Israel is known as the“start-up nation”,but innovation policies and strategies relating to the public sector are less developed than those of business innovation due to lack of innovation culture,digital divide,and bureaucracy.The research examines innovation in the public sector in Israel compared to other OECD countries.It is argued that despite the enormous influence of high-tech and start-ups on the economy and gross of national product,the flourishing technology sector has not contributed to other sectors of the economy and the performance of the public service lags behind the private sector in terms of innovation and efficiency.The research concludes that implementing Israel’s success in business innovation into the public sector requires long-run strategic investments and public policies to increase the supply and quality of human capital and infrastructure.The goal should be to narrow digital divide with other developed countries and advance the technological capabilities and productivity of the public service.

Can Religious Pluralism Influence Governance and Societal Cohesion?

This analysis uncovers the complex interplay of religion,politics,and society in Israel,revealing the intricate dynamics of secular and religious ideologies.The study explores the deep ideological rift between secular and religious communities,a divide that profoundly impacts political stability and policymaking.This division often leads to political crises and reshuffling,with the political system characterized by unstable coalition governments.The research is grounded in the divisions over the state’s spiritual ideology,with significant Orthodox influence shaping policy on education,family law,and cultural affairs.The research shows the profound influence of religious parties on Israeli politics,significantly shaping the country’s policies and ideological direction.Influenced by external factors such as security threats and diplomatic challenges,the dynamic interaction between politics and religion shapes Israeli politics since religious parties advocate for policies that align with their interpretation of Jewish religious law,thereby impacting the role of religion in public policy.The influence of religious politics has led to a discernible shift toward greater religious orthodoxy in public life,driven by the political power of religious parties that prioritize religious values above secular democratic principles.The state’s endorsement of religious education and institutions shapes public policy and societal norms.The analysis examines the influence of religious values in public policy and the dynamic interaction between religious and political spheres,aimed to ensure that religion remains dominant in shaping societal norms and governance.This complex relationship demonstrates the ongoing challenges in balancing religious orthodoxy with secular principles,which poses difficulties and has implications for the stability and cohesion of Israeli society.The urgency and complexity of this task cannot be overstated,as it is crucial for the future of Israeli politics and religious dynamics.

Counterworking the Operation Disturbance of a Radiators Structure due to External Actions

The operation of a complicated radiators structure creating a required field in a given area is disturbed often due to different external actions. As an example, the impact of metallic objects approaching off to an antenna system with minimal irradiation on user＇s body is analyzed. In this case, the zone itself, where the area of a weak field （a dark spot） is created, is generally not approachable for sensors installation. In order to counteract the disturbance of the system operation due to presence of different metallic objects in close proximity to the radiators, two methods based on two information sources are studied. These information sources are antennas driving currents and fields at a predetermined point outside the given area. As an example, the antenna system used in the compensation method for reducing human＇s body irradiation, to which a metal object approaches, is analyzed. The conditions of severe external actions are considered： a great metal body and a small distance from this body to the dark spot. It is shown that under these conditions of severe external actions the second method based on the field values measuring demonstrates a higher efficiency. A block scheme for structure of an automatic adjustment is suggested. The considered problem is a common one, and developers of radio circuits are faced with them constantly.

A Discrete Model of the Evanescent Light Emission from Ultra-Thin Layers

A discrete model of the Differential Evanescent Light Intensity (DELI) technique was developed to calculate and map 3D nanolayers thicknesses from the evanescent light intensity captured from optical waveguides. The model was used for ultra-thin Pd nanometric layers sputtered on glass substrates. The layers thickness profiles were displayed in 3D and 1D profiles plots. The total thickness profiles of the ultra-thin Pd films obtained in the range of 1-10 nm were validated using AFM measurements. Based on the model developed the evanescent photon extraction parameter of the material was estimated.

Supremacy of Social Media in the Hebron Shooting Incident

The controversy in the case of Elor Azaria,an Israeli soldier who shot a Palestinian assailant in the Palestinian city of Hebron,after he was wounded and neutralized,led to a highly emotional public debate threatening a major crisis in the government and society.The incident divided the Israeli public and its leaders,with some expressing outrage over the killing of an incapacitated man,and others supporting even the most extreme response to a stabbing attack.The research argues that the role of governments in preventing exposure of security information was badly shaken following the inability to control information,as the incident was recorded on a mobile phone and uploaded to social media.As demonstrated in this case,local organizations have assumed a new prominence by providing information that previously had been limited by local authorities.The research is looking at the question of who was superior in the Hebron shooting incident:the army,the government,public opinion,traditional media or social media.The conclusions in this case are clear-cut:Social media dominated the entire process and determined its outcome,which was obvious once the video was uploaded on the Internet.

How Netanyahu＇s New Media Policy is Influencing Israeli,American and Global Politics

This paper analyzes how the Prime Minister of Israel, Binyamin Netanyalau, uses Israel＇s technological superiorityand innovative use of digital diplomacy to maintain a leading role in social media and an active and on-goingimpact on American politics. His global policy approach is based on the realization that we live in a world oftechnology, and since technology improves at a rapid rate, Israel should stand in the front of global change. Hispolitical and social media reign is unquestionable. He was elected the 10th most admired person in the United States,according to the ＂World＇s Most Admired 2016＂ YouGov poll that gauged the popularity of famous people in 30different countries. His personal Facebook page reached two million followers worldwide, more than half of themfrom the United States. As the research demonstrates, his popularity is the result of the ability to mobilize politicalskills with an effective media campaign. He derives his power directly from the public and engages that public indirect dialogue, bypassing the traditional media. This demonstrates a calculated and savvy use of new mediaplatforms, as his accounts are able to motivate high rates of interaction and interest among followers and others whocan view the posts.

Compensation Method： New Perspectives

The compensation method aiming to reduce the irradiation on the user＇s body and to form a weak field area （a dark spot） in an antenna near region is considered. The results of the method development for the use in a narrow frequencies range are given. They show that under realistic conditions the compensation method allows reducing the irradiation power by a factor of 3-4 and more. The pattern changes are predictable and small, if the points of antennas placement are selected correctly. The dark spot necessity near the transmitter is not limited by mobile communication. A man often uses a low-power radio station, which is placed nearby in a vehicle, and it is necessary to protect from irradiation not only user but also other passengers. In the paper, it is shown that broadband field compensation can be achieved in various structures where the needed anti-phase fields are created either by identical antennas or by radiators located at equal distance from the compensation point, or by flat reflectors.

Investigation of Influence of Magnetic Nanoparticles on the Quality-Factor of the Oscillatory Circuit

In this study, author investigated the spectral response of EM （electromagnetic） energy absorption in a colloidal system of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with an average size of 9.50 nm immersed in a 2% aqueous solution of SDS （sodium dodeci[ sulfate）. The temperature of the nanoparticles and the SDS solution was evaluated by a novel method based on measuring the Q-factor （quality-factor） of a resonant circuit. The Q-factor of the investigated system as a function of the frequency of the EM field was obtained. The nanoparticles-SDS liquid system exhibited a resonance-like behavior of the absorption, where the resonance frequency was about 170 MHz, and the absorption rise up to the resonance frequency was rather slow. The observed absorption of EM energy was accompanied by a small temperature increasing of the system. Measurements of the ESR （electron spin resonance） spectrum of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles have presented a slightly asymmetric singlet with the proportionality factor g = 2 and a line-width of the magnetic field strength △H = 0.1 mT. It was shown that the observed absorption spectrum corresponds to paramagnetic behavior of the investigated nanoparticles.

Palladium Ultra Thin Layer Profiles Evaluation by Evanescent Light

Nanometric profiles of sputtered ultra-thin Pd layers with thicknesses in the range 1 - 10 nm were investigated by capturing the leaking evanescent light from optical waveguides. The Pd films were deposited by sputtering on glass substratesalso servingas light waveguides. Calibrating the thickness values for the ultra-thin Pd films obtained from the sputtering rate combined with the DELI estimation technique, gave detailed 1Dand 3D morphological nanometric profiles of the deposited layers.

Reduction in Complexity of the Algorithm by Increasing the Used Memory - An Example

An algorithm complexity, or its efficiency, meaning its time of evaluation is the focus of primary care in algorithmic problems solving. Raising the used memory may reduce the complexity of algorithm drastically. We present an example of two algorithms on finite set, where change the approach to the same problem and introduction a memory array allows decrease the complexity of the algorithm from the order O(n2) up to the order O(n).

Optimal Search for Hidden Targets by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles under Imperfect Inspections

Assume that a target is hidden or lost in one of several possible locations and is to be found by the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A target can be either a hostile object or missing personnel in remote areas. Prior probabilities of target locations are known. Inspection operations done by the UAVs are imperfect, namely, probabilities of overlooking the hidden target and probabilities of false alarms exist for any possible location. The UAV has to sequentially inspect the locations so that to find the target with the minimum loss or damage incurred by the target before it is detected subject to a required level of confidence of target identification. A fast (polynomial-time) priority-based algorithm for finding an optimal search strategy is developed.

Tunable sharp and highly selective microwave-photonic band-pass filters based on stimulated Brillouin scattering

Stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS)in optical fibers has long been used in frequency-selective optical signal processing,including in the realization of microwave-photonic(MWP)filters.In this work,we report a significant enhancement in the selectivity of SBS-based MWP filters.Filters having a single passband of 250 MHz–1 GHz bandwidth are demonstrated,with selectivity of up to 44 dB.The selectivity of the filters is better than that of the corresponding previous arrangements by about 15 dB.The shape factor of the filters,defined as the ratio between their−20 dB bandwidth and their−3 dB bandwidth,is between 1.35 and 1.5.The central transmission frequency,bandwidth,and spectral shape of the passband are all independently adjusted.Performance enhancement is based on two advances,compared with previous demonstrations of tunable SBS-basedMWPfilters:(a)the polarization attributes of SBS in standard,weakly birefringent fibers are used to discriminate between in-band and out-of-band components and(b)a sharp and uniform power spectral density of the SBS pump waves is synthesized through external modulation of an optical carrier by broadband,frequency-swept waveforms.The signal-to-noise ratio of filtered radio-frequency waveforms and the linear dynamic range of the filters are estimated analytically and quantified experimentally.Lastly,a figure of merit for the performance of the filters is proposed and discussed.The filters are applicable to radio-over-fiber transmission systems.