Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of Ponseti method in the treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus (CTE) in children older than 6 months. Methods:Ponseti method was used to treat 157 cases (227 feet) of CTE ...Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of Ponseti method in the treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus (CTE) in children older than 6 months. Methods:Ponseti method was used to treat 157 cases (227 feet) of CTE in children older than 6 months. All cases were classified by age and by the degree of deformity severity. The age group classification was:(1)ⅠGroup (6 months to 12 months),113 feet in 81 cases; (2)Ⅱ Group (1 to 3 years old),78 feet in 52 cases; (3) Ⅲ Group (>3 years old),36 feet in 24 cases. The degree of deformity of CTE was evaluated with Pirani scoring system. The cases were classified into three groups according to the deformity degree:(1) Mild Group (scoring 1-2.5),85 feet in 56 cases; (2) Moderate Group (scoring 3-4.5),104 feet in 71 cases; (3) Severe Group (scoring 5-6),38 feet in 30 cases. A Pirani score of 0-0.5 is regarded as an excellent result. For each group,we evaluated the number of casts used,the percentage of excellent result according to the Pirani score,and the percentage of percutaneous achillotenotomy. The result was compared among different groups. Results:The overall percentage of excellent result among all cases was 96.92%. Among the age groups,the percentage of excellence was not statistically different betweenⅠGroup andⅡGroup (P>0.05). The percentage of excellence was lower in the Ⅲ group than the other groups (P>0.01). Among the groups classified by deformity degree,the percentage of excellence was the lowest in severe group (P<0.05),and the difference between the mild group and moderate group was not statistically different (P>0.05). The number of casts used among different groups were different (P<0.01). Among different groups,the percentages of percutaneous achillotenotomy were significantly different (P<0.01). 209 feet in 148 cases were followed up for average time duration of 3 years and 11 months. Relapse was observed in 40 feet in 29 cases. The percentages of relapse were not statistically different among different groups (P>0.05). Conclusion:Using Ponseti method to treat CTE for children older than 6 months can achieve excellent results in this study.展开更多
Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan flagellate that causes African sleeping sickness.Flagellar function in this organism is critical for life cycle progression and pathogenesis,however the regulation of flagellar motili...Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan flagellate that causes African sleeping sickness.Flagellar function in this organism is critical for life cycle progression and pathogenesis,however the regulation of flagellar motility is not well understood.The flagellar axoneme produces a complex beat through the pre-cisely coordinated firing of many proteins,including multiple dynein motors.These motors are found in the inner arm and outer arm complexes.We are studying one of the inner arm dynein motors in the T.brucei flagellum:dynein-f.RNAi knockdown of genes for two components of dynein-f:DNAH10,theαheavy chain,and IC138,an intermediate chain,cause severe motility defects including immotility.To determine if motility defects result from structural disruption of the axoneme,we used two different flagellar preparations to carefully examine axoneme structure in these strains using transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Our analysis showed that inner arm dynein size,axoneme structural integrity and fixed central pair orientation are not significantly different in either knockdown culture when compared to control cultures.These results support the idea that immotility in knockdowns affecting DNAH10 or IC138 results from loss of dynein-f function rather than from obvious structural defects in the axoneme.展开更多
The dynamics of infectious disease in a population critically involves both within-host pathogen replication and between host pathogen transmission.While modeling efforts have recently explored how within-host dynamic...The dynamics of infectious disease in a population critically involves both within-host pathogen replication and between host pathogen transmission.While modeling efforts have recently explored how within-host dynamics contribute to shaping population transmission,fewer have explored how ongoing circulation of an epidemic infectious disease can impact within-host immunological dynamics.We present a simple,influenza-inspired model that explores the potential for re-exposure during a single,ongoing outbreak to shape individual immune response and epidemiological potential in non-trivial ways.We show how even a simplified system can exhibit complex ongoing dy-namics and sensitive thresholds in behavior.We also find epidemiological stochasticity likely plays a critical role in reinfection or in the maintenance of individual immunological protection over time.展开更多
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of Ponseti method in the treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus (CTE) in children older than 6 months. Methods:Ponseti method was used to treat 157 cases (227 feet) of CTE in children older than 6 months. All cases were classified by age and by the degree of deformity severity. The age group classification was:(1)ⅠGroup (6 months to 12 months),113 feet in 81 cases; (2)Ⅱ Group (1 to 3 years old),78 feet in 52 cases; (3) Ⅲ Group (>3 years old),36 feet in 24 cases. The degree of deformity of CTE was evaluated with Pirani scoring system. The cases were classified into three groups according to the deformity degree:(1) Mild Group (scoring 1-2.5),85 feet in 56 cases; (2) Moderate Group (scoring 3-4.5),104 feet in 71 cases; (3) Severe Group (scoring 5-6),38 feet in 30 cases. A Pirani score of 0-0.5 is regarded as an excellent result. For each group,we evaluated the number of casts used,the percentage of excellent result according to the Pirani score,and the percentage of percutaneous achillotenotomy. The result was compared among different groups. Results:The overall percentage of excellent result among all cases was 96.92%. Among the age groups,the percentage of excellence was not statistically different betweenⅠGroup andⅡGroup (P>0.05). The percentage of excellence was lower in the Ⅲ group than the other groups (P>0.01). Among the groups classified by deformity degree,the percentage of excellence was the lowest in severe group (P<0.05),and the difference between the mild group and moderate group was not statistically different (P>0.05). The number of casts used among different groups were different (P<0.01). Among different groups,the percentages of percutaneous achillotenotomy were significantly different (P<0.01). 209 feet in 148 cases were followed up for average time duration of 3 years and 11 months. Relapse was observed in 40 feet in 29 cases. The percentages of relapse were not statistically different among different groups (P>0.05). Conclusion:Using Ponseti method to treat CTE for children older than 6 months can achieve excellent results in this study.
文摘Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan flagellate that causes African sleeping sickness.Flagellar function in this organism is critical for life cycle progression and pathogenesis,however the regulation of flagellar motility is not well understood.The flagellar axoneme produces a complex beat through the pre-cisely coordinated firing of many proteins,including multiple dynein motors.These motors are found in the inner arm and outer arm complexes.We are studying one of the inner arm dynein motors in the T.brucei flagellum:dynein-f.RNAi knockdown of genes for two components of dynein-f:DNAH10,theαheavy chain,and IC138,an intermediate chain,cause severe motility defects including immotility.To determine if motility defects result from structural disruption of the axoneme,we used two different flagellar preparations to carefully examine axoneme structure in these strains using transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Our analysis showed that inner arm dynein size,axoneme structural integrity and fixed central pair orientation are not significantly different in either knockdown culture when compared to control cultures.These results support the idea that immotility in knockdowns affecting DNAH10 or IC138 results from loss of dynein-f function rather than from obvious structural defects in the axoneme.
基金supported in part by the Mathematics and Climate Research Network and AIM through NSF award DMS-1722578the Clare Boothe Luce Program through Boston University,with additional support from Bowdoin College.
文摘The dynamics of infectious disease in a population critically involves both within-host pathogen replication and between host pathogen transmission.While modeling efforts have recently explored how within-host dynamics contribute to shaping population transmission,fewer have explored how ongoing circulation of an epidemic infectious disease can impact within-host immunological dynamics.We present a simple,influenza-inspired model that explores the potential for re-exposure during a single,ongoing outbreak to shape individual immune response and epidemiological potential in non-trivial ways.We show how even a simplified system can exhibit complex ongoing dy-namics and sensitive thresholds in behavior.We also find epidemiological stochasticity likely plays a critical role in reinfection or in the maintenance of individual immunological protection over time.
