Large deposits of impure kaolins exist in Jordan and many parts of the world;geoplymers can reduce environmental impacts and have multi-application in many fields, such as water purification, waste treatment, fire pro...Large deposits of impure kaolins exist in Jordan and many parts of the world;geoplymers can reduce environmental impacts and have multi-application in many fields, such as water purification, waste treatment, fire proof construction, etc. The aim of this research is to investigate the use of alkali activated zeolitic tuff and low purity metakaolin as precursors for the production of functional geoplymers exhibiting proper mechanical properties and high potential for water storage and decontamination of polluted solutions. The results confirmed that this type of geopolymers showed superior mechanical characteristics and higher adsorption capacity towards heavy metals such as Cu(II) ions, which was similar to natural zeolite. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that phillipsite, a major zeolite mineral, disappeared upon geopolymerization, while scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that geopolymers exhibit a porous matrix of nano-particles. The geopolymers have also displayed high compressive strength and tensile bending strength of about 7.8 MPa and 45 MPa respectively, compared to reference geopolymers. This functional-geopolymers indicate that they are efficient, cost effective and have a potential for number of applications including construction, water storage and wastewater treatment.展开更多
Growing concerns for food security and the alleviation of hunger necessitate knowledge-based crop management technologies for sustainable crop production.In this study,13 winter bread wheat genotypes(old,relatively ol...Growing concerns for food security and the alleviation of hunger necessitate knowledge-based crop management technologies for sustainable crop production.In this study,13 winter bread wheat genotypes(old,relatively old,modern,and breeding lines)were evaluated under three different tillage systems,i.e.,conventional tillage(CT,full tillage with residue removed),reduced tillage(RT,chisel tillage with residue retained)and no-tillage(NT,no-tillage with residue retained on the soil surface)in farmer’s fields under rainfed conditions using strip-plot arrangements in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the west of Iran(Kamyaran and Hosseinabad locations)over two cropping seasons(2018–2019 and 2019–2020).The main objectives were to investigate the effects of tillage systems and growing conditions on the agronomic characteristics,grain yield and stability performance of rainfed winter bread wheat genotypes.Significant(P<0.01)genotype×tillage system interaction effects on grain yield and agronomic traits suggested that the genotypes responded differently to the different tillage systems.The number of grains per spike and plant height were positively(P<0.0)associated with grain yield under the NT system,so they may be considered as targeted traits for future wheat breeding.Using statistical models,the modern cultivars(“Sadra”and“Baran”)were identified as high yielding and showed yield stability across the different tillage systems.As per each tillage system,genotype“Sadra”followed by“Zargana-6//Dari 1-7 Sabalan”exhibited higher adaption to CT;while cultivars“Jam”and“Azar2”showed better performance under the RT system;and cultivars“Varan”and“Baran”tended to have better performance expression in the NT condition.The increased grain yields achieved in combination with lower costs and greater profits from conservation agriculture suggest that adapted cultivar and NT systems should be evaluated and promoted more widely to farmers in the west of Iran as an attractive package of crop management technologies.In conclusion,variations in the performance of genotypes and the significant genotype×tillage system interaction effects on grain yield and some agronomic traits assessed in this study suggest that the development and selection of cultivars adapted to the NT system should be considered and included in the strategies and objectives of winter wheat breeding programs for the temperate and cold dryland conditions of Iran.展开更多
Reactive oxygen signaling regulates numerous biological processes,including stress responses in plants.Redox sensors transduce reactive oxygen signals into cellular responses.Here,we present biochemical evidence that ...Reactive oxygen signaling regulates numerous biological processes,including stress responses in plants.Redox sensors transduce reactive oxygen signals into cellular responses.Here,we present biochemical evidence that a plant quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase homolog(QSOX1)is a redox sensor that negatively regulates plant immunity against a bacterial pathogen.The expression level of QSOX1 is inversely correlated with pathogen-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation.Interestingly,QSOX1 both senses and regulates ROS levels by interactingn with and mediating redox regulation of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase,which,consistent with previous findings,influences reactive nitrogen-mediated regulation of ROS generation.Collectively,our data indicate that QSOX1 is a redox sensorthat negatively regulates plant immunity by linking reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen signaling to limit ROS production.展开更多
文摘Large deposits of impure kaolins exist in Jordan and many parts of the world;geoplymers can reduce environmental impacts and have multi-application in many fields, such as water purification, waste treatment, fire proof construction, etc. The aim of this research is to investigate the use of alkali activated zeolitic tuff and low purity metakaolin as precursors for the production of functional geoplymers exhibiting proper mechanical properties and high potential for water storage and decontamination of polluted solutions. The results confirmed that this type of geopolymers showed superior mechanical characteristics and higher adsorption capacity towards heavy metals such as Cu(II) ions, which was similar to natural zeolite. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that phillipsite, a major zeolite mineral, disappeared upon geopolymerization, while scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that geopolymers exhibit a porous matrix of nano-particles. The geopolymers have also displayed high compressive strength and tensile bending strength of about 7.8 MPa and 45 MPa respectively, compared to reference geopolymers. This functional-geopolymers indicate that they are efficient, cost effective and have a potential for number of applications including construction, water storage and wastewater treatment.
基金supported by the IRAN-ICARDA Enhanced Food Security Project,Iran(24-53-15-064-971144)。
文摘Growing concerns for food security and the alleviation of hunger necessitate knowledge-based crop management technologies for sustainable crop production.In this study,13 winter bread wheat genotypes(old,relatively old,modern,and breeding lines)were evaluated under three different tillage systems,i.e.,conventional tillage(CT,full tillage with residue removed),reduced tillage(RT,chisel tillage with residue retained)and no-tillage(NT,no-tillage with residue retained on the soil surface)in farmer’s fields under rainfed conditions using strip-plot arrangements in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the west of Iran(Kamyaran and Hosseinabad locations)over two cropping seasons(2018–2019 and 2019–2020).The main objectives were to investigate the effects of tillage systems and growing conditions on the agronomic characteristics,grain yield and stability performance of rainfed winter bread wheat genotypes.Significant(P<0.01)genotype×tillage system interaction effects on grain yield and agronomic traits suggested that the genotypes responded differently to the different tillage systems.The number of grains per spike and plant height were positively(P<0.0)associated with grain yield under the NT system,so they may be considered as targeted traits for future wheat breeding.Using statistical models,the modern cultivars(“Sadra”and“Baran”)were identified as high yielding and showed yield stability across the different tillage systems.As per each tillage system,genotype“Sadra”followed by“Zargana-6//Dari 1-7 Sabalan”exhibited higher adaption to CT;while cultivars“Jam”and“Azar2”showed better performance under the RT system;and cultivars“Varan”and“Baran”tended to have better performance expression in the NT condition.The increased grain yields achieved in combination with lower costs and greater profits from conservation agriculture suggest that adapted cultivar and NT systems should be evaluated and promoted more widely to farmers in the west of Iran as an attractive package of crop management technologies.In conclusion,variations in the performance of genotypes and the significant genotype×tillage system interaction effects on grain yield and some agronomic traits assessed in this study suggest that the development and selection of cultivars adapted to the NT system should be considered and included in the strategies and objectives of winter wheat breeding programs for the temperate and cold dryland conditions of Iran.
基金supported by grants from the"BioGreen21 Agri-Tech Inovation Program(project no.PJ015824 to S.Y.L.and PJ0159992021 to M.G.K.)",Rural Development Administration(RDA),South Koreaby the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of South Korea funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2018R1A6A3A11049525 to H.B.C.).
文摘Reactive oxygen signaling regulates numerous biological processes,including stress responses in plants.Redox sensors transduce reactive oxygen signals into cellular responses.Here,we present biochemical evidence that a plant quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase homolog(QSOX1)is a redox sensor that negatively regulates plant immunity against a bacterial pathogen.The expression level of QSOX1 is inversely correlated with pathogen-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation.Interestingly,QSOX1 both senses and regulates ROS levels by interactingn with and mediating redox regulation of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase,which,consistent with previous findings,influences reactive nitrogen-mediated regulation of ROS generation.Collectively,our data indicate that QSOX1 is a redox sensorthat negatively regulates plant immunity by linking reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen signaling to limit ROS production.
