Separation of ^(152+154)Eu,^(90)Sr from radioactive waste effluent using liquid–liquid extraction by polyglycerol phthalate

A new polyglycerol phthalate extractant was prepared and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance(~1H NMR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. A preliminary study of the extraction of long-lived(^(90) Sr and ^(152+154)Eu) and short-lived(^(90) Y) radionuclides by polyglycerol phthalate was performed. The influence of different diluents, concentration of the acid, type of acid, and various interfering ions was explored. The stripping of ^(152+154)Eu radionuclide was studied by using different acid solutions, and it was found that sulfuric acid was the ideal acid for this purpose. Furthermore,^(152+154)Eu was extracted from the fission products(^(90) Sr) and the extraction% of^(90) Sr was found to improve in the presence of interfering ions.

Chemically Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Determination of Cesium Ion by Potentiometric Method

A new chemically modified carbon paste electrode for cesium(I) ion determination based on potassium zinc hexacyan-oferrate (PZHCF) as an ionophore was prepared. The electrode exhibits a Nernstian response for Cs(I) ions over a wide concentration range from 1 × 10-6 to 1 × 10-1 mol·L-1 with a slope of 58 ± 0.5 mV·decade-1. It has a response time of about 35 s and can be used for a period of 3 months with good reproducibility. Detection limit obtained in the optimal conditions was 3 × 10-7 mol·L-1. The potentiometric response is independent of the pH of the solution in the pH range 4.0 - 8.0. The electrode possesses the advantages of low resistance, fast response over a variety of other cations. The proposed electrode is applied as a sensor for the determination of Cs(I) ion concentration in different samples solutions. The results showed a good correlation with the data obtained by atomic absorption spectrometric method.

Radiolabeling of lacosamide using highly purified rhenium-188 as a prospective brain theranostic agent

Rhenium-188 is prospectively effective for both diagnosis and radiotherapy as it appropriately emits gamma rays and beta particles.Lacosamide(LCM)is a newly approved antiepileptic medication for focal drug-resistant epilepsy.Rhenium-188 was separated with high elution yield and high purity using the new 188W/188Re generator based on the ZrSiW gel matrix.188Re-LCM was prepared with high radiochemical yield and high purity.Biodistribution of 188Re-LCM in normal Swiss albino mice was investigated to determine its utility as a potential brain therapy agent.The 188W/188Re generator was used to obtain 188Re based on the ZrSi188W gel matrix,and the chemical,radiochemical,and radionuclidic purity of the obtained 188Re was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-AES),a paper chromatography technique,and high-purity germanium(HPGe)detection,respectively,to assess its validity for LCM labeling.Various factors,such as the pH,reaction time,and LCM quantity,were therefore studied in order to improve the yield and purity of 188Re-LCM,as determined by various chromatographic techniques such as electrophoresis,thin layer chromatography(TLC),and highpressure liquid chromatography(HPLC).188Re was obtained with a high elution yield(75±3%)and a low 188W breakthrough(0.001±0.0001%).The maximum radiochemical yield of 188Re-LCM(87.5±1.8%)was obtained using 50 ll LCM(4 mM),250 ll stannous chloride(4.4 mM)at pH 4,100 ll 188Re(37 MBq),within 30 min,at room temperature(25±3C),as determined by TLC,electrophoresis,and HPLC techniques.Biodistribution analysis showed that 188Re-LCM was primarily localized in the brain(5.1%)with a long residence time(240 min).

Neutron activation analysis of ceramic tiles and its component and radon exhalation rate

The concentrations of 20 trace elements in several ceramics tiles and ceramic composites used in Egypt were elementally analyzed by neutron activation analysis(NAA) technique. The samples and standard were irradiated with reactor for 4 h(in the Second Research Egyptian Reactor(Et-RR-2)) with thermal neutron flux 5.9×10 13 n/(cm 2·s).The gamma-ray spectra obtained were measured for several times by means of the hyper pure germanium detection system(HPGe). Also a solid state nuclear track detector(SSNTD) CR-39, was used to measure the emanation rate of radon for these samples. The radium concentrations were found to vary from 0.39—3.59 ppm and the emanation rates were found to vary from (0.728—5.688) × 10 -4 kg/(m 2· s).The elemental analysis of the ceramic tiles and ceramic composites have a great importance in assigning the physical properties and in turn the quality of the material.

Preparation and Properties of a New Carbon Paste Iron Selective Electrodes and Their Applications

The new ferrous-selective modified carbon paste electrodes (I and II) based on 5,5’-(propane-1,3-diylbis(sulfanediyl))bis(3-benzyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine) (electrode I, A-ionophore) and 5,5’-(butane-1,4-diyl-bis(sulfane- diyl))bis(3-benzyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine) (electrode II, B-ionophore) as ionophores are described. These electrodes exhibit Nernstian slopes of 30.2 ± 0.5 and 29.1 ± 0.5 mV·decade-1, linear range of 1.0 × 10-7 - 1.0 × 10-2 mol·L-1 Fe(II) ion and detection limit of 1.0 × 10-7 mol·L-1 Fe(II) ion for electrode (I) and electrode (II), respectively. Both electrodes (I and II) have a fast response time of about 15 sand can be used for at least 3 months. The two electrodes revealed a good selectivity for Fe(II) over a wide variety of other metal ions and could be used in the pH range of 1.8 - 3.0 without any divergence in potential. The proposed sensors were successfully applied for the determination of Fe(II) ion in different real samples.

Batch Studies for Sorption of Ga(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ions onto Synthetic Polymeric Resins

Poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid-dimethyl amino ethylmethacrylate), p(AM-AA-DMAEM) and Poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid)-ethylene diamine tetracetic acid disodium, p(AM-AA)-EDTANa2 were prepared by gamma radiation-induced template polymerization technique. The prepared polymeric materials were used for the sorption of Ga(III), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) in aqueous solution. The effect of pH, weight of resins, metal ion concentrations and contact time on the sorption of these metal ions were studied.

Antimicrobial activity of metal-substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel technique

Metal-substituted cobalt ferrites [MxCo(1-x)Fe2O4(M=Zn,Cu,Mn;x=0.0,0.25,0.5,and 0.75)]were synthesized via a sol-gel technique.The ferrite structures were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,surface analysis using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method,and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.Antimicrobial activity of these ferrites against selected pathogenic microbes was determined.The structures remained cubic spinel phases after substitution of metals.Substitution strongly influenced the microstructure and homoge- neous grain distribution.The particle size of the ferrites increased linearly with increase in their annealing temperature.The surface area of zinc cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (ZCFO)was 52.56m^2/g,the average pore size was 1.84nm,and pore volume was 0.136mL/g.All ferrites showed antimicrobial activity toward all pathogens selected.Of these,the most powerful was ZCFO,showing zones of inhibition of 13.0mm against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and 12.0mm against Candida albicans.Gamma-irradiated ZCFO nanoparticles (150.0kGy)maintained higher antimicrobial activity than non-irradiated particles,e.g. being active toward S.aureus (16.0mm).ZCFO is proposed as a candidate material for industrial and biomedical purposes.