Evaluation of Soil Fertility Quality and Environmental Driving Factors in Different Soil Types of Artificial Forests

The aim was to clarify the environmental driving factors of soil fertility indicators in artificial forests of Guangxi and comprehensively evaluate the soil fertility level.By collecting data on the current status of soil in artificial forests,the spatial distribution of major soil fertility indicators was analyzed,and the distribution map of the fertility index of artificial forests in the entire region and the comprehensive fertility index of artificial forests of different soil types were obtained.Canonical correspondence analysis method was used to analyze soil fertility indicators and environmental factors,and the environmental driving factors of soil fertility indicators for artificial forests of the main soil types in Guangxi were obtained.The results showed that over 90%of the soil fertility index of artificial forests in the entire region was between 0.20 and 0.50.The order of soil fertility index of different soil types of artificial forests from high to low was yellow brown soil>yellow red soil>yellow soil>red soil>limestone soil>latosolic red soil>laterite.In artificial forests of latosolic red soil,the correlation between soil alkaline nitrogen and organic matter,annual average temperature was high,while the correlation between soil available phosphorus and organic matter,pH was high,and the correlation between soil available potassium and environmental factors such as slope,altitude,rainfall,accumulated temperature,and slope aspect was high.In artificial forests of red soil,the correlation between soil alkaline nitrogen and slope,altitude was high,while the correlation between soil available phosphorus and accumulated temperature,rainfall was high,and the correlation between soil available potassium and pH was high.In artificial forests of limestone soil,there was a high correlation between soil alkaline nitrogen and slope,organic matter,a high correlation between soil available phosphorus and accumulated temperature,rainfall,and a high correlation between soil available potassium and pH.

不同类型肥料对油茶人工林土壤生态化学计量特征的影响

以不同类型肥料对油茶人工林土壤养分状况及碳氮磷化学计量学特征的影响,以期为广西油茶人工林科学管理提供基础数据参考。设置有机肥、纯化肥、有机-无机复合肥3种处理并以不施肥为对照,采集土壤样品进行化学性质测定,分析不同类型肥料处理油茶人工林土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量比的差异特征。结果表明:各处理的土壤pH值普遍呈酸性(3.86~4.06)但差异不显著。土壤有机碳含量范围为9.34~13.58 g·kg^(-1),以纯化肥处理最低。有机-无机复混肥处理土壤碱解氮(66.3 mg·kg^(-1))、有效磷(4.1 mg·kg^(-1))、速效钾(66.7 mg·kg^(-1))含量均处于较高水平。有机-无机复混肥处理能够显著降低土壤的C∶N和C∶P,提高磷素的有效性同时还能保持氮素和磷素的相对平衡,有利于油茶的生长。纯化肥处理对C∶P和N∶P的影响较小。

珍贵树种与桉树混交对生态系统生物量和碳储量的影响探析

[目的]探究珍贵树种和桉树混交造林对生态系统生物量和碳储量的影响。[方法]以广西黄冕林场为例,以桉树纯林(A1)、桉树和红锥混交林(A2)、桉树和荷木混交林(A3)为研究对象,分析不同林分下树种的密度及生长指标、生态系统的生物量、生态系统的碳储量情况。[结果]在生长指标方面,A2、A3中桉树的胸径、树高、胸高断面积均高于A1,差异显著。在生态系统总生物量方面,A2与A3均明显高于A1,差异显著。不同林分生态系统总碳储量方面,A2、A3明显高于A1,差异显著。[结论]为提高生态系统生物量和碳储量,可在林场造林时将珍贵树种与桉树混交,可进一步提高人工林建设质量,营造良好的种间相互作用关系,提高资源的有效性和利用率,珍贵树种和桉树混交造林后,生态系统的生物量和碳储量更高,可促进维持生态平衡。

不同抚育间伐强度对杉木林生长的影响

在杉木林种植过程中,不同的抚育间伐强度对于杉木林生长具有较大的影响。为了解不同抚育间伐强度对杉木林生长的影响,主要通过开展有效的试验,设定不同的间伐强度来加强3次重复抚育管理。通过分析胸径、蓄积、树高和单株材积等因素对杉木林生长的影响,提升杉木的合理抚育间伐水平,促进林分生长,为后续的林木质量提升提供保障。

广西森林防火预警监测系统建设研究

森林防火作为防灾减灾工作的重要组成部分,事关森林资源和生态安全,事关人民群众生命财产安全,事关社会稳定发展。基于此,介绍了广西森林防火的基本形势,分析了森林火灾的常见原因和影响,详细阐述了系统架构、传感器网络、数据采集与处理、预警模型以及预警通知与响应的具体内容,探讨了数据挖掘与机器学习、实时数据处理与大数据技术、人工智能辅助决策等技术的应用,以提高系统的效率和准确性。还能为森林防火预警监测系统建设提供参考和借鉴。

不同坡向坡位对桉树造林成活率的影响及生长效应分析

分析不同坡向、坡位对桉树造林成活率、树高及胸径的影响。采用桉树组培苗木进行造林试验,以1年生桉树人工林样地调查数据为研究对象,调查造林效果,记录样地坡向、坡位,并实测每株林木的树高和胸径。结果表明,坡向或坡向与坡位二者的交互作用对桉树造林成活率、树高、胸径的影响程度均强于坡位,其中坡向对桉树造林成活率及当年生长量的影响程度最大;不同坡向对桉树造林成活率及当年生长量的影响极为显著,造林成活率受坡向的影响最大,不同坡位对桉树造林成活率及当年生长量的影响不显著,坡位对造林成活率、树高、胸径的影响较小;从阳坡、半阳坡、半阴坡、阴坡光照依次逐渐减弱,桉树造林成活率分别为90.83%、84.18%、77.34%、75.95%,平均树高从8.59 m减小到7.57 m,平均胸径从6.26 cm减小到5.43 cm;从阳坡到阴坡,桉树造林成活率、平均树高、平均胸径均呈现逐渐减小的趋势,而随不同坡位的降低,其变化不明显,但均在中坡表现出最小值。

不同优势树种组不同时期碳储量和碳密度研究

为了解不同优势树种组在不同时期的碳储量和碳密度,以广西国有黄冕林场各优势树种为研究对象,通过生物量扩展因子法,估算了黄冕林场森林固碳能力。结果表明:(1)黄冕林场2014年、2019年总碳储量分别是562040.09 t和826000.61 t,2019年比2014年增加了47.0%,其中一般阔叶树的碳储量最大;(2)杉木类、松类、速生桉和一般阔叶林的碳密度随着龄级的增加逐渐增大,2019年比2014年分别增加了21.7%、61.2%、22.1%和41.3%,且杉木类、松类、一般阔叶林在过熟林时碳密度达到最大值,而速生桉则在近熟林时最大;(3)杉木类、松类、一般阔叶林的碳储量随着龄级的增加逐渐增大,在过熟林时碳储量最大,而速生桉则在近熟林时最大。

桂北地区3种人工林土壤质量评价

为高效培育森林资源,以广西国有黄冕林场的木荷+马尾松混交林(Ⅰ)、木荷+桉树+火力楠混交林(Ⅱ)与木荷+桉树+米老排+大叶栎混交林(Ⅲ)为研究对象,采用3种综合评价方法评价不同人工林的土壤质量。结果表明:土壤有机质、总氮、碱解氮、总磷、速效磷和全钾含量及土壤养分库综合指数、土壤肥力指数和土壤质量综合评价指数随土层加深而递减;0~20 cm土层土壤养分库综合指数表现为类型Ⅲ>类型Ⅱ>类型Ⅰ,3种类型土壤肥力综合评价等级为2级;基于主成分分析,类型Ⅱ的土壤质量(0.880)最佳,其次为类型Ⅰ(0.765)与类型Ⅲ(0.738);碱解氮能单独解释土壤质量指数变异的93.1%。3种评价方法结论不尽一致,总体而言,相比针阔混交林,阔叶混交林有利于提高土壤养分含量和土壤综合肥力质量,碱解氮是影响土壤质量最主要的限制因子之一,造成了不同人工林土壤质量综合评价结果的差异。

广西桉树林分质量评价指标体系与评价方法

桉树人工林是广西最重要的用材林。桉树产业高质量发展要以桉树林分高质量为基础。目前,国内外未见桉树林分质量评价方法。为推进桉树林分质量评价研究及桉树产业高质量发展,本研究选用林分起源、林分结构、林分产能、林分健康、林分价值等5大类35项指标建立桉树林分质量评价指标体系和评价方法。评价结果分为优秀、良好、中等、及格、不及格5个等级。以广西为例,按照上述评价方法对2015年广西桉树林分质量进行评价,结果为中等等级。

国有林场林木抚育采伐技术与管理探析——以广西黄冕林场为例

对国有林场林木抚育、采伐、管理的概念解读与重要性进行分析,并从测土配方和绿色防控两方面总结国有林场林木抚育技术,从采伐技术、伐区调查设计、作业实施与监督、林木管理等方面阐述森林资源抚育采伐技术与管理措施,旨在促进该地区森林资源可持续发展,构建林场森林资源生态建设新格局。

抚育间伐对杉木人工林林分生长的影响

该研究调查了杉木人工纯林林间伐后和未间伐的林分生长的变化,以探讨间伐抚育措施以及不同的间伐强度对杉木人工林分生长的影响。结果表明:抚育间伐能促进保留杉木林分生长,随着间伐强度的增大,杉木林分平均胸径、树高和单株材积也随着增大;对于杉木纯林进行间伐抚育后,林分胸径和树高均有增长,在不同间伐强度下增长量具有极显著差异(p<0.01),增长程度也各不相同;抚育间伐可以促进林分的生长,改善林分结构,使林分结构向更高径阶方向发展,综合考虑采用重度间伐强度(20%)为宜。

森林资源现状与经营管理评价——以广西国有黄冕林场为例

以广西壮族自治区国有黄冕林场作为研究对象,根据黄冕林场的森林资源规划设计调查结果,对黄冕林场的森林资源情况进行总结和评价。结果表明,黄冕林场的林地利用率较高,但可扩展空间不多,场内森林类型和资源丰富,场外较为单一,场内树种结构日趋合理,森林生态系统稳定性增强,但场外树种结构仍需不断优化,场内近成过熟林较多,可利用森林资源充足,但场外森林过熟林占比较多,中龄林和近熟林相对较少。只有改善和优化树种结构,科学发展桉树人工林,全面提升森林经营管理水平和质量,优化产业结构,才能够促进黄冕林场的生态、经济可持续发展。

广西国有黄冕林场桉树人工林木材生产潜力探究

为进一步挖掘桉树人工林木材生产潜力,提高单位面积林木产量和林地综合生产力,本文通过系统收集广西黄冕林场2013—2021年木材产量的变化趋势,结合系列强化后营林措施和集约化经营管理进行综合分析。结果表明,黄冕林场桉树人工林具有较大的生产潜力,投入必要的追肥抚育营林成本,加上经营措施管理到位,桉树人工林后期生长速度不会下降,可使整个轮伐期持续速生高产,经营收入持续增长。

桉树的科学种植技术与病虫害防治

种植技术的发展为林业发展提供了重要保障,速丰林不仅能提供木材产品原料,还可实现对天然林的保护,确保生物多样性。然而桉树种植过程中,经常会因为种植技术应用不恰当导致病虫害发生,影响桉树成活率,造成林农经济损失。因此,为促进桉树种植质量提升,应加强桉树种植技术的科学应用,有效防治病虫害,为桉树科学栽培提供保证。

广西杉木优良无性系组培繁育技术研究

为建立杉木无性系发育技术体系,以广西杉木为试验材料,选择树势基本相同、生长健壮、无病虫害的杉木为外植体进行组培快繁技术试验研究。结果表明:(1)外植体最佳消毒方案是使用70%酒精浸泡15 s,灭菌后采用无菌水洗涤3次,再用0.1%升汞浸泡消毒8 min后采用无菌水洗涤5次;(2)初代诱导最佳培养基为1/2MS+6-BA0.6 mg·L^(-1),该培养基有利于增加培养基的诱导率和萌芽率,提高培养基的培养效果;(3)增殖诱导最适培养基为1/2MS+6-BA0.6 mg·L^(-1)+IBA0.3 mg·L^(-1),获得的组培苗芽多,茎粗壮;(4)生根最适培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.8 mg·L^(-1)+IAA0.1 mg·L^(-1);(5)杉木组培苗移栽的最适基质是泥炭土∶菜园土∶蛭石=4∶2∶1,其幼苗成活率达到91.93%,幼苗健壮,叶色深绿。

Hyperspectral Inversion Model of Available Potassium Content in Red Soil of Eucalyptus Plantation in Northern Guangxi

Soil information is the basis of soil management and precise variable fertilization. The traditional method of obtaining soil information through chemical detection of laboratory has high cost and poor timeliness, which is difficult to meet the needs of digital forestry, soil monitoring and real-time management of nutrients. Taking red soil of Eucalyptus plantation in northern Guangxi as the research object, the spectral data of samples with different soil available potassium contents were measured, and the spectral characteristics were analyzed, and the inversion model was established by using PLS method. The results showed that the spectral sensitive bands of available potassium content in red soil of the region mainly concentrated in 400-600, 1 450, 2 200 nm and so on. After the first derivative transformation, the redundant information in the original spectral data can be significantly reduced, and the correlation between spectral indexes and soil available potassium content can be improved. The full-band modeling results of R and FDR were better than those of significant bands. The optimal model was full-band-FDR-PLS, R2=0.862, and RMSE=2.718. The results of this study can be used for the application of near-earth remote sensing in Guangxi, such as soil digital mapping, precise variable fertilization and real-time monitoring of soil available potassium.

Effect of Different Soil Regulation Measures on Yield and Soil Fertility of Eucalyptus Plantation in Southern Guangxi

In view of the problems of decreased unit yield,soil acidification,decreased soil organic matter and soil fertility caused by high generation single pure Eucalyptus plantation in southern Guangxi,a field experiment was conducted to study the yield,soil organic matter and soil fertility under six soil conditioning measures[interplanting Tephrosia candida under the forest,interplanting Sesbania cannabina under the forest,organic fertilizer application,residue to woodland,soil testing and formulated fertilization,and applying pure chemical fertilizer(CK)],and the enhancing effects of each treatment on the yield and soil improvement of Eucalyptus plantations were further comprehensively evaluated.The results showed that compared with the control,the five treatments could increase the average stock of Eucalyptus,among which the average stock under the treatment of interplanting T.candida under the forest was the highest,followed by soil testing and formulated fertilization.The soil organic matter content and soil fertility of the forest were significantly improved by interplanting green manure,organic fertilizer application and soil testing and formulated fertilization models,while the short-term(1 a)effect of the residue treatment on the improvement of soil organic matter and soil fertility was insignificant.During the actual production process,interplanting green manure and residue treatment were not effective due to the inoperability,and the applicability were not wide,which still needed further study.Therefore,organic manure application and soil testing and formulated fertilization were suitable choices to promote the improvement of productivity and soil quality of Eucalyptus plantation in Guangxi.

光皮桦生长与环境因子的关系研究

以雅长林场九龙分场13 a光皮桦纯林作为研究对象,探索土壤酶活性、土壤化学元素以及林分温度对光皮桦生长的影响,采用相关性分析探究影响光皮桦生长的主要环境因子。结果表明,土壤酶活性与光皮桦树高、胸径、冠幅呈正相关,且相关性均较高,光皮桦生长受土壤酶活性的影响作用较大;除速效磷外,土壤中其他化学元素含量与光皮桦生长量相关性较高,其中总氮含量相关性最高,对光皮桦的生长起主导作用;光皮桦林分内地表温度、空气温度与其生长量的相关系数均较低,其与光皮桦的生长没有直接影响;土壤中的蔗糖酶活性、酸性磷酸酶活性、土壤总氮与光皮桦的相关性相对较高,因此,土壤蔗糖酶活性、酸性磷酸酶活性、总氮含量可能是影响光皮桦生长的主导环境因子。

濒危树种蒜头果育苗技术及生长节律研究

蒜头果在我国属于濒危树种,基于对分析蒜头果育苗技术和生长节律的研究,阐述了蒜头果的生物学特性。研究发现:蒜头果具有较高的经济价值和生态价值,要想确保蒜头果种群有序发展,应该做好种子储存、苗圃地选择、种子处理和苗期管理,重视蒜头果的田间抚育方式和施肥方法,以此来保证蒜头果幼树幼苗的成活率,合理调控氮磷钾混合比例,最终实现蒜头果幼树幼苗的高产稳产。

桉树下套种不同作物对土壤微环境的影响

为探究桉树下套种不同作物对土壤微环境的影响,文章以广西柳州地区某林场的桉树为研究对象,分别选取葫芦茶、糙毛假地豆、大翼豆、大叶山蚂蝗共4种豆科植物在桉树林下进行套种作业,并分别对进行不同套种作业后的土壤进行养分、微生物数量以及酶活性进行对比分析。结果显示:本次试验进行的不同套种作物均表现出较高的存活率与良好的长势,大叶山蚂蝗套种方式后土壤的有效磷含量最高为51.31 mg/kg,细菌数最高为381.7×10^(4)CFU/g,放线菌数最高63.9×10^(4)CFU/g;大翼豆套种方式后土壤速效钾含量最高为122.37 mg/kg,酸性磷酸酶活性最高为89.75 mg/(kg·h);糙毛假地豆套种方式后土壤真菌数量最高为261.9×10^(4)CFU/g,脲酶活性较高为1.53 mg/(g·d);葫芦茶套种方式后土壤速效钾碱解氮含量最高为129.96 mg/kg,有机质含量最高为25.25 g/kg,土壤纤维素酶活性最高为4.33 CFU/g。研究结果为桉树的不同作物套种方式提供理论参考。