Serum tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, carbohydrate antigen 72-4, carbohydrate antigen 24-2, ferritin) and gastric cancer prognosis correlation

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a kind of malignant tumor which is prevalent all over the world.Although some progress has been made in the treatment of gastric cancer,its prognosis is still not optimistic,so it is of great significance to find reliable prog-nostic indicators to guide the treatment and management of patients with gastric cancer.AIM To explore the relationship between serum levels of five biomarkers[carcinoem-bryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2,and ferritin]and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.METHODS This study included 200 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,and conducted an in-depth analysis of their baseline characteristics,relationship between tumor markers and staging,and prognosis.The study found that CA19-9 has a signi-ficant correlation with tumor stage,the average levels of CA24-2,CEA,CA72-4 and ferritin were slightly increased disregarding the stage of tumor.Survival analysis showed that increases in CEA,CA19-9,CA24-2,and ferritin were all associated with shortened overall survival of patients.Further multivariate ana-lysis revealed that elevated serum CA72-4 levels were an inde-pendent adverse prognostic factor.RESULTS This study reveals that there is a significant correlation between the expression levels of serum tumor markers CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2 and ferritin in patients with gastric cancer and prognosis,and can be used as important indicators for prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer.In particular,markers that appear abnormally elevated initially may help identify gastric cancer patients with poor prognosis.CONCLUSION Serum CEA and CA19-9 play an important role in the prognosis assessment of gastric cancer,and are effective tools to guide clinical practice and optimize individualized treatment strategies for gastric cancer patients.

The combined detection of carcinoembryonic antigen,carcinogenic antigen 125,and carcinogenic antigen 19-9 in colorectal cancer patients

BACKGROUND Hepatic metastases are common and difficult to treat after colorectal cancer(CRC)surgery.The predictive value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen(CA)125 and CA19-9 combined tests for liver metastasis is unclear.AIM To evaluate predictive value of combined tests for CEA,CA125,and CA19-9 levels in patients with liver metastases of CRC.METHODS The retrospective study included patients with CRC alone(50 cases)and patients with CRC combined with liver metastases(50 cases)who were hospitalized between January 2021 and January 2023.Serum CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 levels were compared between the two groups,and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the predictive value of the combination of these tumor markers in liver metastasis.In addition,we performed receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis to assess its diagnostic accuracy.RESULTS The results showed that the serum CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 levels in the CRC with liver metastasis group were significantly higher than those in the CRC alone group.Specifically,the average serum CEA level in the CRC with liver metastasis group was 162.03±810.01 ng/mL,while that in the CRC alone group was 5.71±9.76 ng/mL;the average serum CA125 levels were 43.47±83.52 U/mL respectively.and 13.5±19.68 U/mL;the average serum CA19-9 levels were 184.46±473.13 U/mL and 26.55±43.96 U/mL respectively.In addition,binary logistic regression analysis showed that CA125 was significant in predicting CRC liver metastasis(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis results showed that the areas under the ROC curves of CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 were 0.607,0.692 and 0.586.CONCLUSION These results suggest that combined detection of these tumor markers may help early detection and intervention of CRC liver metastasis,thereby improving patient prognosis.

NEAR-OPTIMALITY OF A STOCHASTIC ECONOMIC-ENVIRONMENT MODEL WITH POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGIES

Economic development has caused a lot of environmental problems,in turn,environmental pollution restricts economic development.Considering the influence of wind direction and speed,temperature and humidity on pollutants,as well as the influence of epidemic,war and exchange rate on economic development.In this paper,we develop a stochastic economic-environment model with pollution control strategies.Furthermore,sufficient and necessary conditions for the near-optimality are established.Finally,we perform some numerical simulations to demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical results,which shows that some control strategies could decrease the environmental pollution,and therefore,could alleviate economic losses caused by environmental pollution.

Clinical characteristics and north-south differences of inflammatory bowel disease in China: A cross-sectional study and meta-analysis

Objective:This study aimed to estimate the incidence rate and clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)in the Chinese population,specially comparing the North and South regions.Methods:We designed a questionnaire survey for patients diagnosed with IBD and conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed,China National Knowledge Internet,and Wanfang digital database,covering studies published between 2012 and 2022.Meta-analysis was performed to determine the overall incidence rate and prevalence of clinical manifestations of Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)in China's Mainland.Clinical phenotypes and demographic characteristics were calculated with 95%confidence intervals(CI).A comparison between the northern and southern regions was also conducted.Results:The questionnaire survey included 440 patients,and 64 publications were included for Meta-analysis.The overall incidence rates of IBD,CD,and UC were 1.36(95%CI:0.79-2.33)per 100,000 person-years,0.23(95%CI:0.09-0.58)per 100,000 person-years,and 1.12(95%CI:0.69-1.80)per 100,000 person-years,respectively.The incidence rates of IBD,CD,and UC were all higher in southern China compared to the North.Clinical characteristics of 440 IBD patients from the questionnaire and 2,821 CD patients and 12,809 UC patients from the literature were analyzed.There were more male patients compared to female patients.CD cases in the North exhibited earlier disease diagnosis(P<0.01),more upper gastrointestinal lesions(P<0.01),and higher hospitalizations rates(P<0.01)compared to the South.UC cases in the North had higher severity(P<0.01),anemia rates(P<0.01),and weight loss(P<0.01)compared to the South.Conclusions:The incidence rates of IBD,CD,and UC were higher in southern China than in the North.Northern patients exhibited more severe symptoms compared to their southern counterparts.

The First Reported Case of Co-Infection with Neisseria Meningitidis and Bordetella Pertussis in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Specimen of a Normal Four-Year-Old Child

Pertussis is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis(B.pertussis),which occurs in people of all ages and is most dangerous for young children,especially infants.The introduction of whole-cell pertussis vaccines(wPVs)in the 1950s dramatically reduced the incidence of pertussis worldwide[1].However,over the past two decades,many studies have reported the resurgence of pertussis in different countries[2].Epidemiological surveillance in Hubei Province over the last 3 years revealed a clear increasing trend in the incidence of pertussis during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic.

Fermi Surface Nesting with Heavy Quasiparticles in the Locally Noncentrosymmetric Superconductor CeRh_(2)As_(2)

The locally noncentrosymmetric heavy fermion superconductor CeRh_(2)As_(2) has attracted considerable interests due to its rich superconducting phases,accompanied by possible quadrupole density wave and pronounced antiferromagnetic excitations.To understand the underlying physics,here we report measurements from highresolution angle-resolved photoemission.Our results reveal fine splittings of the conduction bands related to the locally noncentrosymmetric structure,as well as a quasi-two-dimensional Fermi surface(FS)with strong 4f contributions.The FS shows signs of nesting with an in-plane vector q_(1)=(π/α,π/α),which is facilitated by the heavy bands nearˉ𝑋arising from the characteristic conduction-X hybridization.The FS nesting provides a natural explanation for the observed antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations at(π/α,π/α),which might be the driving force for its unconventional superconductivity.Our experimental results can be reasonably explained by density functional theory plus dynamical mean field theory calculations,which can capture the strong correlation effects.Our study not only provides spectroscopic signature of the key factors underlying the field-induced superconducting transition,but also uncovers the critical role of FS nesting and lattice Kondo effect in the underlying magnetic fluctuations.

Reform and Development of English Teaching in Colleges and Universities with the Integration of ChatGPT Technology

As an artificial intelligence-powered language generation model based on natural language processing,ChatGPT,like other artificial intelligence technologies,possesses super real-time dialogue capabilities and is considered an innovative and intelligent auxiliary teaching tool in the field of language learning.This article first analyzes the current state of development of artificial intelligence technologies such as ChatGPT.Secondly,it examines the challenges encountered in the reform and development of English teaching in colleges and universities in China.Lastly,it summarizes the applications and recommendations for using ChatGPT technology in college-level English teaching.

Catalytic synthesis of cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal with H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/PAn

A new environmental friendly catalyst, H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/PAn was prepared andidentified by means of FT-IR, XRD and TG/DTA. Cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal was synthesizedfrom cyclohexanone and 1,2-propanediol in the presence of H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/PAn The factorsinfluencing tlie synthesis were discussed and the best conditions were found out. The optimumconditions are: molar ratio of cyclohexanone to 1,2-propanediol is 1:1.4, the quantity of catalystis equal to 1.0 percent of feed stocks, and the reaction time is 40 min. H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/PAn is anexcellent catalyst for synthesizing cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal and its yield can reachover 96.5 percent.

Relationship between HBV genotypes and anti-viral therapeutic efficacy of interferon-alpha

BACKGROUND: Much evidence demonstrates that the genotypes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) present differences in pathogenicity and outcomes owing to differences in genetic structure. This study aimed to investigate the influences of HBV genotypes on the anti-viral therapeutic efficacy of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in chronic hepatitis B patients, and to determine the relationship between HBV genotypes and levels of viral replication or gene variations. METHODS: The chronic hepatitis B patients who were treated with IFN-alpha were selected randomly. Anti-viral therapeutic efficacy was monitored in these patients. The HBV genotypes were detected by PCR microplate hybridization ELISA. The levels of serum HBV-DNA were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. HBV gene variation at pre-C and basic core promoter (BCP) regions were assayed by gene chip technology. RESULTS: Genotypes B and C were predominant in 94 chronic hepatitis B patients. A, E and F genotypes were not found in these patients. The HBV-DNA levels of genotype C and mixed genotypes were significantly higher than those of genotype B. The response to IFN-alpha in patients with genotype B was markedly better than in those with genotypes C and D, and the complete response to IFN-alpha was only observed in genotype B. The response to IFN-alpha in patients with mixed genotypes was the least sensitive. The negative transition of HBeAg was correlated with variations in the HBV pre-C and BCP regions in patients with partial or no response to IFN-alpha. The variation rates of HBV pre-C and BCP regions were clearly higher in genotype C than in genotype B. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that HBV genotype is correlated with the serum levels of HBV-DNA, HBV gene variations and therapeutic efficacy of IFN-alpha. The regular detection of HBV genotypes in the clinic will be of benefit for disease prognosis and planning of anti-viral therapeutic strategies.

Mei symmetry of Tzénoff equations of holonomic system

The Mei symmetry of Tzénoff equations under the infinitesimal transformations of groups is studied in this paper. The definition and the criterion equations of the symmetry are given. If the symmetry is a Noether symmetry, then the Noether conserved quantity of the Tzénoff equations can be obtained by the Mei symmetry.

Mast cell density and the context of clinicopathological parameters and expression of p185,estrogen receptor,and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in gastric carcinoma

AIM:To investigate the relationship between the mast cell density(MCD)and the context of clinicopathological parameters and expression of p185,estrogen receptor(ER), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)in gastric carcinoma. METHODS:Mast cell,p185,ER,and PCNA were detected using immunohistochemical S-P labeling method.Mast cell was counted in tissue of gastric carcinoma and regional lymph nodes respectively,and involved lymph nodes(ILN)were examined as usual. RESULTS:MCD was significantly related to both age and depth of penetration(x^2=4.688,P<0.05 for age and x^2=9.350, P<0.01 for depth of penetration)between MCD>21/0.03 mm^2 and MCD≤21/0.03 mm^2 in 100 patients;MCD in 1-6 ILN group patients was significantly higher than that in 7-15 ILN or>15 ILN group patients(u=6.881,8.055,P<0.01); There were significant differences intergroup in positive expression rate of p185,ER and PCNA between MCD>21/ 0.03 mm^2 and MCD≤21/0.03 mm^2 in 100 patients. CONCLUSION:Mast cell may have effect on inhibiting invasive growth of tumor,especially in the aged patients; The number of mast cells,in certain degree,may predicate the number of involved lymph nodes,which is valuable for assessment of prognosis;MCD was related to the expression of p185,ER,and PCNA in gastric carcinoma.It suggests that mast cell accumulation may inhibit the proliferation and the dissemination of the gastric carcinoma. INTRODUCTION Recently,many studies have reported on the association of mast cell with various tumorst.In several malignancies,mast cell has been found to correlate with growth,penetration and prognosis of tumor.Therefore,our study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the mast cell density (MCD)and the context of clinicopathological parameters and expression of p 185,estrogen receptor(ER),and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)in gastric carcinoma.

Expression and significance of PTEN, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma

AIM: To investigate the expression and significance of PTEN,hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and targeting gene VEGF during colorectal carciogenesis.METHODS: Total 71 cases colorectal neoplasms (9 cases of colorectal adenoma and 62 colorectal adenocarcinoma)were formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded, and all specimens were evaluated for PTEN mRNA, HIF-1α mRNA and VEGF protein expression. PTEN mRNA, HIF-1α mRNA were detected by in situ hybridization. VEGF protein was identified by citrate-microwave SP immunohistochemical method.RESULTS: There were significant differences in PTEN, HIF1α and VEGF expression between colorectal adenomas and colorectal adenocarcinoma (P＜0.05). The level of PTEN expression decreased as the pathologic stage increased.Conversely, HIF-1α and VEGF expression increased with the Dukes stage as follows: stage A (0.1029±0.0457:0.1207± 0.0436), stage B (0.1656±0.0329: 0.1572±0.0514),and stage C+D (0.2335±0.0748: 0.2219±0.0803). For PTEN expression, there was a significant difference among Dukes stage A, B, and C+D, and the level of PTEN expression was found to be significant higher in Dukes stage A or B than that of Dukes stage C or D. For HIF-1α expression,there was a significant difference between Dukes stage A and B, and the level of HIF-1α expression was found to be significantly higher in Dukes stage C+D than that of Dukes stage A or B. The VEGF expression had similar results as HIF-1α expression. In colorectal adenocarcinoma,decreased levels of PTEN were significantly associated with increased expression of HIF-1α mRNA (r=-0.36, P＜0.05)and VEGF protein (r=-0.48, P＜0.05) respectively. The levels of HIF-1 were positively correlated with VEGF expression (r=0.71, P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Loss of PTEN expression and increased levels of HIF-1α and VEGF may play an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Relationship between telomerase activity and its subunit expression and inhibitory effect of antisense hTR on pancreatic carcinoma

AIM: To directly investigate the relationship between telomerase activity and its subunit expression and the inhibitory effect of antisense hTR on pancreatic carcinogenesis.METHODS: We examined the telomerase activity and its subunit expression by cell culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR-silver staining, PCR-ELISA, DNA sequencing, MTT and flow cytometry methods.RESULTS: PCR-silver staining and PCR-ELISA methods had the same specificity and sensitivity as the TRAP method.Telomerase activity was detected in the extract of the 10th,20th and 30th passages of P3 cells,while it was absent in fibroblasts. Furthermore, after the 30th generation, the proliferation period of fibroblast cells was significantly prolonged. Telomerase activity and hTERTmRNA were detected in two pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, but were found to be negative in human fibroblast cells. Telomerase activity and hTERTmRNA were tested in pancreatic carcinoma specimens of 24 cases. The telomerase activity was positive in 21 of the 24 cases (87.5 %), and the hTERTmRNA in 20 cases (83.3 %). In adjacent normal tissues positive rates were both 12.5 %. There was a significant difference between the two groups. This indicated a significant correlation between the expression level of telomerase activity and histologic differentiation,metastasis and advanced clinical stage of pancreatic carcinoma. Our findings showed that the expressions of hTR and TP1mRNA were not correlated with the activity of telomerase but the expression of hTERTmRNA was. After treatment with PS-ODNs, telomerase activity in P3 cells weakened and the inhibiting effect became stronger with an increase in PS-ODNs concentration. There was a significant difference between different PS-ODN groups (P＜0.05). Inhibition of telomerase activity occurred most significant with PS-ODN1.The results of the FCM test of pancreatic cancer P3 cells showed an increase in the apoptotic rate with increasing PS-ODN1 and PS-ODN2concentrations.CONCLUSION: The expression of telomerase activity has a significant relationship to carcinogenesis. A strong correlation exists between telomerase activity and hTERTmRNA expression. The up-regulation of hTERTmRNA expression may play a critical role in human carcinogenesis.The expression of telomerase activity and its subunit level in pancreatic carcinoma significantly correlate with the clinical stage of pancreatic carcinoma and hence, may be helpful in its diagnosis and prognosis. The anti-hTR complementary to the template region of hTR is sufficient to inhibit P3 cell telomerase activity and cell proliferation in vitro, and can lead to a profound induction of programmed cell death.

Mitochondrial pathway of the lysine demethylase 5C inhibitor CPI-455 in the Eca-109 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line

BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract that is difficult to diagnose early.CPI-455 has been reported to inhibit various cancers,but its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is unknown.AIM To investigate the effects and mechanism of the lysine demethylase 5C inhibitor,CPI-455,on ESCC cells.METHODS A methyl tetrazolium assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of CPI-455 on the proliferation of Eca-109 cells.Apoptosis,reactive oxygen species(ROS),and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed by flow cytometry.Laser confocal scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe changes in Eca-109 cell morphology.The protein expression of P53,Bax,lysinespecific demethylase 5C(KDM5C),cleaved Caspase-9,and cleaved Caspase-3 were assayed by western blotting.RESULTS Compared with the control group,CPI-455 significantly inhibited Eca-109 cell proliferation.Gemcitabine inhibited Eca-109 cell proliferation in a concentrationand time-dependent manner.CPI-455 caused extensive alteration of the mitochondria,which appeared to have become atrophied.The cell membrane was weakly stained and the cytoplasmic structures were indistinct and disorganized,with serious cavitation when viewed by transmission electron microscopy.The flow cytometry and western blot results showed that,compared with the control group,the mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased and depolarized in Eca-109 cells treated with CPI-455.CPI-455 significantly upregulated the ROS content,P53,Bax,Caspase-9,and Caspase-3 protein expression in Eca-109 cells,whereas KDM5C expression was downregulated.CONCLUSION CPI-455 inhibited Eca-109 cell proliferation via mitochondrial apoptosis by regulating the expression of related genes.

Transport of phosphorus in runoff and sediment with surface runoff from bare purple soil during indoor simulated rainfall

Phosphorus(P)in surface runoff from purple soil is a critical element of agricultural nonpoint source pollution,leading to eutrophication of surface waters in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)of China.This work aimed to understand the processes and mechanisms of P losses from bare purple soil.Based on an indoor rainfall simulation experiment,we focused on the processes of surface runoff and P losses via different hydrological pathways.Experimental treatments included three simulated rainfall intensities,four slope gradients,and three fertilizer treatments.P loss from sediment was the main pathway in the purple soil,and bioavailable P was mainly transferred in dissolved P(DP)of runoff water.The P loss loads tend to grow with the increase of the slope until 25°for the maximum load of runoff water and 20°for the maximum load of sediment.Concentrations of DP in the surface runoff after fertilizer application can exceed the estimates of those required for accelerated eutrophication.Sediment P control might be an essential way for reducing P loss in purple soil for the local government and farmers of TGRA.

Step-scheme ZnO@ZnS hollow microspheres for improved photocatalytic H_(2) production performance

Constructing a step-scheme heterojunction at the interface between two semiconductors is an efficient way to optimize the redox ability and accelerate the charge carrier separation of a photocatalytic system for achieving high photocatalytic performance.In this study,we prepared a hierarchical ZnO@ZnS step-scheme photocatalyst by incorporating ZnS into the outer shell of hollow ZnO microspheres via a simple in situ sulfidation strategy.The ZnO@ZnS step-scheme photocatalysts had a large surface area,high light utilization capacity,and superior separation efficiency for photogenerated charge carriers.In addition,the material simulation revealed that the formation of the step-scheme heterojunction between ZnO and ZnS was due to the presence of the built-in electric field.Our study paves the way for design of high-performance photocatalysts for H_(2) production.

Thermal decomposition mechanism and non-isothermal kinetics of the polyoxometalate of ciprofloxacin with 12-tungstoboric acid

The polyoxometalate complex (CPFX-HCl)(4)H5BW12O40-12H(2)O was prepared in aqueous solution for the first time, and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, and TG-DTG. The TG-DTG curves showed that its thermal decomposition was a four-step process consisting of the simultaneous collapse of Keggin anion. The intermediate and residue of the decomposition were identified by mean of TG-DTG, IR, and XRD technique. The non-isothermal kinetic data were analyzed by the Achar method and Coats-Redfern method. The apparent activation energy (E) and the pre-exponential factor (In A) of each decomposition were obtained. The most probable thermal decomposition reaction mechanisms were proposed by comparison of the kinetic parameters. The kinetic equation for both the second stage and the third stage can be expressed as d alpha/dt = Ae(-E/RT) -(1 - alpha)(2), and the fourth stage d alpha/dt = Ae(-E/RT) -(1 - alpha). And their mathematic expressions of the kinetic compensation effects of thermal decomposition reaction were also determined.

Key Variables Explaining Soil Organic Carbon Content Variations in Croplands and Non-Croplands in Chinese Provinces

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in global carbon cycles.Large spatial variations in SOC contents result in uncertain estimates of the SOC pool and its changes.In the present study,the key variables explaining the SOC contents of croplands (CPs) and non-croplands (NCPs) in Chinese provinces were investigated.Data on SOC and other soil properties (obtained from the Second National Soil Survey conducted in the late 1970s to the early 1990s),climate parameters,as well as the proportion of the CP to the total land area (Pcp) were used.SOC content variations within a province were larger than those among provinces.Soil clay and total phosphorus content,ratio of annual precipitation to mean temperature,as well as Pcp were able to explain 75% of the SOC content variations in whole soil samples.Soil pH,mean temperature during the growing season from May to October,and mean annual wind velocity were able to explain 63% of the SOC content variations in NCP soils.Compared with NCP soils,CP soils had lower SOC contents,with smaller variations within and among provinces and lower C/N ratios.Stepwise regression showed that the soil clay content was a unique factor significantly correlated with the SOC content of CP soils.However,this factor only explained 24% of the variations.This result suggested that variables related to human activities had greater effects on SOC content variations in CP soils than soil properties and climate parameters.Based on SOC contents directly averaged from soil samples and estimated by regression equations,the total SOC pool in the topsoil (0-20 cm) of China was estimated at 60.02 Pg and 57.6 Pg.Thousands of years of intensive cultivation in China resulted in CP topsoil SOC loss of 4.34-4.98 Pg.

Interaction among Rb/p16, Rb/E2F1 and HDAC1 Proteins in Gallbladder Carcinoma

The mechanism and interaction among Rb/p16, Rb/E2F1 and HDAC1 proteins in gallbladder carcinoma were investigated. By using the immunoprecipitation method, the interactions among Rb, p16, E2F1, HDAC1 proteins in gallbladder carcinoma cell line （Mz-ChA-1） were studied. It was found that there were Rb and E2F1 proteins in the precipitates with anti-HDAC1, and there were HDAC1 and E2F1 proteins in the precipitate with anti-Rb. It was concluded that there are specific interactions among Rb, HDAC1 and E2F1 proteins in gallbladder carcinoma, indicating the existence of the direct Rb/E2F1/HDAC1 signal transduction pathway. There is no direct relationship between p16 proteins with Rb, HDAC1, and E2F1 proteins.

Atomic-level insight of sulfidation-engineered Aurivillius-related Bi_(2)O_(2)SiO_(3) nanosheets enabling visible light low-concentration CO_(2) conversion

Unraveling atomic-level active sites of layered photocatalyst towards lowconcentration CO_(2) conversion is still challenging.Herein,the yield and selectivity of photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction of the Aurivillius-related oxide semiconductor Bi_(2)O_(2)SiO_(3) nanosheet(BOSO)were largely improved using a surface sulfidation strategy.The experiment and theoretical calculation confirmed that surface sulfidation of the Bi_(2)O_(2)SiO_(3) nanosheet(S-BOSO,6.28 nm)redistributed the charge-enriched Bi sites,extended the solar spectrum absorption to the whole visible range,and considerably enhanced the charge separation,in addition to creating new reaction active sites,as compared to pristine BOSO.Subsequently,surface sulfidation played a switchable role,wherein S-BOSO showed a very high CH_(3)OH generation rate(12.78μmol g^(-1) for 4 h,78.6%selectivity)from low-concentration CO_(2)(1000 ppm)under visible light irradiation,which outperforms most of the state-of-the-art photocatalysts under similar conditions.This study presents an atomic-level modification protocol for engineering reactive sites and charge behaviors to promote solar-to-energy conversion.