Amblyopia is the most common cause of vision loss in children and can persist into adulthood in the absence of effective intervention.Previous clinical and neuroimaging studies have suggested that the neural mechanism...Amblyopia is the most common cause of vision loss in children and can persist into adulthood in the absence of effective intervention.Previous clinical and neuroimaging studies have suggested that the neural mechanisms underlying strabismic amblyopia and anisometropic amblyopia may be different.Therefore,we performed a systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating brain alterations in patients with these two subtypes of amblyopia;this study is registered with PROSPERO(registration ID:CRD42022349191).We searched three online databases(PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science) from inception to April 1,2022;39 studies with 633 patients(324patients with anisometropic amblyo pia and 309 patients with strabismic amblyopia) and 580 healthy controls met the inclusion criteria(e.g.,case-control designed,pee r-reviewed articles) and were included in this review.These studies highlighted that both strabismic amblyopia and anisometropic amblyopia patients showed reduced activation and distorted topological cortical activated maps in the striate and extrastriate co rtices during tas k-based functional magnetic resonance imaging with spatial-frequency stimulus and retinotopic representations,respectively;these may have arisen from abnormal visual experiences.Compensations for amblyopia that are reflected in enhanced spontaneous brain function have been reported in the early visual cortices in the resting state,as well as reduced functional connectivity in the dorsal pathway and structural connections in the ventral pathway in both anisometro pic amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia patients.The shared dysfunction of anisometro pic amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia patients,relative to controls,is also chara cterized by reduced spontaneous brain activity in the oculomotor co rtex,mainly involving the frontal and parietal eye fields and the cerebellu m;this may underlie the neural mechanisms of fixation instability and anomalous saccades in amblyopia.With regards to specific alterations of the two forms of amblyo pia,anisometropic amblyo pia patients suffer more microstructural impairments in the precortical pathway than strabismic amblyopia patients,as reflected by diffusion tensor imaging,and more significant dysfunction and structural loss in the ventral pathway.Strabismic amblyopia patients experience more attenuation of activation in the extrastriate co rtex than in the striate cortex when compared to anisometropic amblyopia patients.Finally,brain structural magnetic resonance imaging alterations tend to be lateralized in the adult anisometropic amblyopia patients,and the patterns of brain alterations are more limited in amblyopic adults than in childre n.In conclusion,magnetic resonance imaging studies provide important insights into the brain alterations underlying the pathophysiology of amblyopia and demonstrate common and specific alte rations in anisometropic amblyo pia and strabismic amblyopia patients;these alterations may improve our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying amblyopia.展开更多
BACKGROUND: While brain-imaging studies in healthy adults have indicated that multiple cortical regions are involved in swallowing, these functional imaging techniques have not been extensively applied to the complet...BACKGROUND: While brain-imaging studies in healthy adults have indicated that multiple cortical regions are involved in swallowing, these functional imaging techniques have not been extensively applied to the complete understand neurophysiology of swallowing in China. A full understanding of normal swallowing neurophysiology is important for improving functional outcomes for dysphagia due to neurologic disorders or damage with increasing age. Thus the interpretations of the functional contributions of various brain areas in swallowing should be scientifically researched. OBJECTIVE: To identify the activation and characteristic of swallowing center in healthy adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An uncontrolled neuroimaging study was performed at the Outpatient Clinic, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University between March and November 2008. PARTICIPANTS: Ten healthy right-handed volunteers, aged over 20 years with a mean age of (34.2 + 8.1) years, a range of 25-45 years and including five males and five females participated. A medical history was obtained from all potential subjects and all subjects were free of systemic diseases and neurological disorders. METHODS: The healthy volunteers were examined with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging of blood oxygenation level-dependent while laryngeal swallow-related movements were recorded. Subjects were scanned during voluntary saliva swallowing and water bolus swallowing activation tasks. Data was processed using the General Linear Model. A voxel by voxel group comparison was performed using random effect analysis. Any cluster with a corrected P 〈 0.05 for spatial extent was considered significant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The cerebral cortical activation maps of voluntary swallowing of saliva and swallowing of water bolus in healthy adults were observed. RESULTS: A multifocal cortical representation of swallowing was in the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, insula, anterior cingulate gyrus, thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebellum, in a bilateral and asymmetrical manner, predominantly on the left hemisphere in the volunteers (P 〈 0.05). CONCLUSION: Activation of the cortex during normal swallowing tasks may be functionally linked to basal nuclei, thalamus, and cerebellum, greatly appearing in the left hemisphere.展开更多
Psychoradiology is a new interdisciplinary field that uses neu-roimaging to study the brain mechanisms of psychiatric disorders(Lui et al,2016).With the rapid advancement of artificial intelli-gence(AI)machine learnin...Psychoradiology is a new interdisciplinary field that uses neu-roimaging to study the brain mechanisms of psychiatric disorders(Lui et al,2016).With the rapid advancement of artificial intelli-gence(AI)machine learning models,psychoradiology has moved beyond traditional case-control clinical designs that search forab-normnal patterns in neural images.展开更多
Asthma is a serious health problem that involves not only the respiratory system but also the central nervous system.Previous studies identified either regional or network alterations in patients with asthma,but incon...Asthma is a serious health problem that involves not only the respiratory system but also the central nervous system.Previous studies identified either regional or network alterations in patients with asthma,but inconsistent results were obtained.A key question remains unclear:are the regional and neural network deficits related or are they two independent characteristics in asthma?Answering this question is the aim of this study.By collecting resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 39 patients with asthma and 40 matched health controls,brain functional measures including regional activity(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations)and neural network function(degree centrality(DC)and functional connectivity)were calculated to systematically characterize the functional alterations.Patients exhibited regional abnormities in the left angular gyrus,right precuneus,and inferior temporal gyrus within the default mode network.Network abnormalities involved both the sensorimotor network and visual network with key regions including the superior frontal gyrus and occipital lobes.Altered DC in the lingual gyrus was correlated with the degree of airway obstruction.This study elucidated different patterns of regional and network changes,thereby suggesting that the two parameters reflect different brain characteristics of asthma.These findings provide evidence for further understanding the potential cerebral alterations in the pathophysiology of asthma.展开更多
文摘Amblyopia is the most common cause of vision loss in children and can persist into adulthood in the absence of effective intervention.Previous clinical and neuroimaging studies have suggested that the neural mechanisms underlying strabismic amblyopia and anisometropic amblyopia may be different.Therefore,we performed a systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies investigating brain alterations in patients with these two subtypes of amblyopia;this study is registered with PROSPERO(registration ID:CRD42022349191).We searched three online databases(PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science) from inception to April 1,2022;39 studies with 633 patients(324patients with anisometropic amblyo pia and 309 patients with strabismic amblyopia) and 580 healthy controls met the inclusion criteria(e.g.,case-control designed,pee r-reviewed articles) and were included in this review.These studies highlighted that both strabismic amblyopia and anisometropic amblyopia patients showed reduced activation and distorted topological cortical activated maps in the striate and extrastriate co rtices during tas k-based functional magnetic resonance imaging with spatial-frequency stimulus and retinotopic representations,respectively;these may have arisen from abnormal visual experiences.Compensations for amblyopia that are reflected in enhanced spontaneous brain function have been reported in the early visual cortices in the resting state,as well as reduced functional connectivity in the dorsal pathway and structural connections in the ventral pathway in both anisometro pic amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia patients.The shared dysfunction of anisometro pic amblyopia and strabismic amblyopia patients,relative to controls,is also chara cterized by reduced spontaneous brain activity in the oculomotor co rtex,mainly involving the frontal and parietal eye fields and the cerebellu m;this may underlie the neural mechanisms of fixation instability and anomalous saccades in amblyopia.With regards to specific alterations of the two forms of amblyo pia,anisometropic amblyo pia patients suffer more microstructural impairments in the precortical pathway than strabismic amblyopia patients,as reflected by diffusion tensor imaging,and more significant dysfunction and structural loss in the ventral pathway.Strabismic amblyopia patients experience more attenuation of activation in the extrastriate co rtex than in the striate cortex when compared to anisometropic amblyopia patients.Finally,brain structural magnetic resonance imaging alterations tend to be lateralized in the adult anisometropic amblyopia patients,and the patterns of brain alterations are more limited in amblyopic adults than in childre n.In conclusion,magnetic resonance imaging studies provide important insights into the brain alterations underlying the pathophysiology of amblyopia and demonstrate common and specific alte rations in anisometropic amblyo pia and strabismic amblyopia patients;these alterations may improve our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying amblyopia.
基金Supported by:the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30625024Supported by:the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30728017+1 种基金Supported by:the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30525030National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program),No. 2007CB512305/1
文摘BACKGROUND: While brain-imaging studies in healthy adults have indicated that multiple cortical regions are involved in swallowing, these functional imaging techniques have not been extensively applied to the complete understand neurophysiology of swallowing in China. A full understanding of normal swallowing neurophysiology is important for improving functional outcomes for dysphagia due to neurologic disorders or damage with increasing age. Thus the interpretations of the functional contributions of various brain areas in swallowing should be scientifically researched. OBJECTIVE: To identify the activation and characteristic of swallowing center in healthy adults using functional magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An uncontrolled neuroimaging study was performed at the Outpatient Clinic, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University between March and November 2008. PARTICIPANTS: Ten healthy right-handed volunteers, aged over 20 years with a mean age of (34.2 + 8.1) years, a range of 25-45 years and including five males and five females participated. A medical history was obtained from all potential subjects and all subjects were free of systemic diseases and neurological disorders. METHODS: The healthy volunteers were examined with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging of blood oxygenation level-dependent while laryngeal swallow-related movements were recorded. Subjects were scanned during voluntary saliva swallowing and water bolus swallowing activation tasks. Data was processed using the General Linear Model. A voxel by voxel group comparison was performed using random effect analysis. Any cluster with a corrected P 〈 0.05 for spatial extent was considered significant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The cerebral cortical activation maps of voluntary swallowing of saliva and swallowing of water bolus in healthy adults were observed. RESULTS: A multifocal cortical representation of swallowing was in the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, insula, anterior cingulate gyrus, thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebellum, in a bilateral and asymmetrical manner, predominantly on the left hemisphere in the volunteers (P 〈 0.05). CONCLUSION: Activation of the cortex during normal swallowing tasks may be functionally linked to basal nuclei, thalamus, and cerebellum, greatly appearing in the left hemisphere.
文摘Psychoradiology is a new interdisciplinary field that uses neu-roimaging to study the brain mechanisms of psychiatric disorders(Lui et al,2016).With the rapid advancement of artificial intelli-gence(AI)machine learning models,psychoradiology has moved beyond traditional case-control clinical designs that search forab-normnal patterns in neural images.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81671664 and 81621003)National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals(No.W02070140)+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2018SCUH0011)Science and Technology Project of the Health Commission of Sichuan Province(No.18ZD035)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2019YJ0155)1-3-5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(Nos.ZYYC08001 and ZYJC18020).
文摘Asthma is a serious health problem that involves not only the respiratory system but also the central nervous system.Previous studies identified either regional or network alterations in patients with asthma,but inconsistent results were obtained.A key question remains unclear:are the regional and neural network deficits related or are they two independent characteristics in asthma?Answering this question is the aim of this study.By collecting resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 39 patients with asthma and 40 matched health controls,brain functional measures including regional activity(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations)and neural network function(degree centrality(DC)and functional connectivity)were calculated to systematically characterize the functional alterations.Patients exhibited regional abnormities in the left angular gyrus,right precuneus,and inferior temporal gyrus within the default mode network.Network abnormalities involved both the sensorimotor network and visual network with key regions including the superior frontal gyrus and occipital lobes.Altered DC in the lingual gyrus was correlated with the degree of airway obstruction.This study elucidated different patterns of regional and network changes,thereby suggesting that the two parameters reflect different brain characteristics of asthma.These findings provide evidence for further understanding the potential cerebral alterations in the pathophysiology of asthma.