Cancer-related thromboembolic disease is a well recognized syndrome since first described by Armand Trousseau in 1865.Preventing the morbidity and mortality related to thromboembolism in these patients is becoming a p...Cancer-related thromboembolic disease is a well recognized syndrome since first described by Armand Trousseau in 1865.Preventing the morbidity and mortality related to thromboembolism in these patients is becoming a priority research area with the advent of new anti-coagulants.It is only recently that randomized trials of improved quality are been undertaken to study this question.Many of these trials however are still not accounting for the heterogeneity of "cancer" in terms of anatomical site,histology,stage and treatment.This editorial review highlights why pancreatic cancer may serve as a model malignancy to study this question.展开更多
Background: The pancreas is an uncommon but recognizable site for metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Isolated pancreatic RCC metastases are still rarer and often present years after initial nephrectomy. Surgi...Background: The pancreas is an uncommon but recognizable site for metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Isolated pancreatic RCC metastases are still rarer and often present years after initial nephrectomy. Surgical resection has been the treatment of choice because of superior patient survival compared with traditional immunotherapy. In recent years, the advent of targeted therapy has transformed the outcomes of patients with metastatic RCC although little evidence is available on its effectiveness on this subset of patients. We report our experience of 6 patients with pancreatic RCC metastases. Patients and Methods: Between 2007 and 2012, 6 patients (2 men, 4 women;median age 78 years) were diagnosed to have pancreatic RCC metastases at our institute. The clinical features, treatment and outcomes were examined. Results: All 6 patients had a primary RCC of clear cell type. The median interval between initial curative nephrectomy and re-presentation with pancreatic metastases was 12.5 years. Four patients were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, one presented with obstructive jaundice and another with acute gastrointestinal bleed. Four patients had extra-pancreatic disease. All were deemed unsuitable or unfit for surgical metastasectomy. Five patients had a Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) score of 1 (moderate risk) and the other patient had a score of 0 (good risk). Two patients were commenced on Sunitinib, one received Pazopanib and one received Temsirolimus. Two patients did not undergo further treatment. Of the 4 patients who underwent targeted therapy, the median follow up was 33 months with a median progression free survival of 16 months. One achieved complete response but recurred soon after treatment was stopped. Targetted therapy was recommenced and the disease remained stable. A second patient had long period of stable disease before disease progression. A third achieved partial response since started on targeted therapy and a fourth had disease progression despite treatment. Of the four patients who underwent systemic therapy, three are still alive at the time of this report. Conclusion: Pancreatic metastasis from RCC is a unique subgroup of disease which runs an indolent course, and a higher incidence in an elderly population. Our results demonstrate that targeted therapy can be efficacious in some patients where surgical resection is not suitable or possible.展开更多
文摘Cancer-related thromboembolic disease is a well recognized syndrome since first described by Armand Trousseau in 1865.Preventing the morbidity and mortality related to thromboembolism in these patients is becoming a priority research area with the advent of new anti-coagulants.It is only recently that randomized trials of improved quality are been undertaken to study this question.Many of these trials however are still not accounting for the heterogeneity of "cancer" in terms of anatomical site,histology,stage and treatment.This editorial review highlights why pancreatic cancer may serve as a model malignancy to study this question.
文摘Background: The pancreas is an uncommon but recognizable site for metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Isolated pancreatic RCC metastases are still rarer and often present years after initial nephrectomy. Surgical resection has been the treatment of choice because of superior patient survival compared with traditional immunotherapy. In recent years, the advent of targeted therapy has transformed the outcomes of patients with metastatic RCC although little evidence is available on its effectiveness on this subset of patients. We report our experience of 6 patients with pancreatic RCC metastases. Patients and Methods: Between 2007 and 2012, 6 patients (2 men, 4 women;median age 78 years) were diagnosed to have pancreatic RCC metastases at our institute. The clinical features, treatment and outcomes were examined. Results: All 6 patients had a primary RCC of clear cell type. The median interval between initial curative nephrectomy and re-presentation with pancreatic metastases was 12.5 years. Four patients were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, one presented with obstructive jaundice and another with acute gastrointestinal bleed. Four patients had extra-pancreatic disease. All were deemed unsuitable or unfit for surgical metastasectomy. Five patients had a Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) score of 1 (moderate risk) and the other patient had a score of 0 (good risk). Two patients were commenced on Sunitinib, one received Pazopanib and one received Temsirolimus. Two patients did not undergo further treatment. Of the 4 patients who underwent targeted therapy, the median follow up was 33 months with a median progression free survival of 16 months. One achieved complete response but recurred soon after treatment was stopped. Targetted therapy was recommenced and the disease remained stable. A second patient had long period of stable disease before disease progression. A third achieved partial response since started on targeted therapy and a fourth had disease progression despite treatment. Of the four patients who underwent systemic therapy, three are still alive at the time of this report. Conclusion: Pancreatic metastasis from RCC is a unique subgroup of disease which runs an indolent course, and a higher incidence in an elderly population. Our results demonstrate that targeted therapy can be efficacious in some patients where surgical resection is not suitable or possible.
