眶骨的改变在眶部疾病HR-MRI诊断中的作用

目的 探讨眶骨的影像学所见及其在眶部疾病诊断中的作用。方法 回顾性分析诊断明确的眶部疾病80例的HR -MRI影像表现。 80例中良性囊肿 18例 ,外伤 6例 ,炎性疾病 6例 ,蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤 9例 ,其他肿瘤 41例。磁共振扫描采用 1 5TGESigna及SiemensMagnetomSp63磁共振扫描机 ,用眶部表面线圈 ,SE系列常规轴位、冠状位及矢状位扫描 ,部分病例行脂肪抑制及增强扫描。结果 正常眶骨的HR -MR表现为结构完整 ,边缘光整 ,皮质骨在T1WI及T2WI上均为无信号区。 15例眶骨受压迫性改变全见于良性囊肿的病例 ,骨质增生改变主要见于蝶骨脑膜瘤 ,2例骨折见于外伤病例 ,2 1例骨质破坏大多见于不同的恶性肿瘤病变中。结论 不同的眶部病变对眶骨的影响有差异 ,良性囊肿主要表现为眶骨受压迫性改变 ,蝶骨脑膜瘤多表现为骨质增生 ,外伤病例伴有眶骨骨折 ,恶性肿瘤病例常伴有眶骨的破坏。眶骨的改变对眶部疾病HR -MRI的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要作用。

眼球孤立性脉络膜血管瘤的HR-MRI表现

目的 探讨眼球孤立性脉络膜血管瘤的高分辨率磁共振 (HR MRI)影像学特征 ,进一步提高诊断水平。资料与方法 回顾性分析诊断明确的孤立性脉络膜血管瘤 16例共计 17个病灶的位置、数目、形态、大小、MRI信号、强化情况、有无合并视网膜脱离及有无视神经和眼外侵犯等。所有病例均行HR MRI及增强扫描 ,部分病例行脂肪抑制。结果 17个病灶中的 16个呈扁丘状位于眼球内壁的后极。 15个病灶厚度 <5mm ,平均厚度为2 .9mm。病灶边缘清晰 ,T1WI上呈轻度高信号者 16个 ,T2 WI上呈等信号者 15个 ,增强扫描显著强化者有 12个。 3例合并视网膜脱离 ,在T2 WI上多呈等信号 ,T1WI上呈轻度高信号者 ,均无强化。无视神经及眼外侵犯病例。结论 94 %孤立性脉络膜血管瘤的HR MRI表现具有特征性 ,表现为位于眼球内壁后极的较小、基底较宽、边缘清晰的扁丘状病灶。其T1WI信号高于玻璃体 ,T2 WI信号等于玻璃体 ,增强扫描瘤体显著强化。明确其HR MRI影像学特征有助于临床与恶性葡萄膜黑色素瘤相鉴别 。

DINI机构仓储库认证

目的——旨在概述机构仓储库的认证技术以支持德国开放存取活动,同时还描述了德国网络信息初始化计划(DINI)开展的"DINI认证2006"活动。设计方法——DINI对文献和出版物仓库的认证向潜在用户表明,该仓储的运行质量是有所保证的,同时使其区别于一般机构的网络服务。本认证也能够被用作支持开放获取的一个工具。结果——仓储库认证技术虽然不会成为全球性学术信息实现开放获取的主要影响因素,但它能够促进机构仓储库的推广,并提高机构仓储库服务的知名度。研究局限性/意义——DINI认证作为一种"软性"认证,关注的是数字仓储库的互操作性,这是一种正在流行的有指导意义的观点。但是它并不能为可信赖的数字资源长期保存系统提供详尽的审计工具。实践意义——依据特定的组织及技术标准,"DINI针对文档及出版物仓储的认证"推进了德国机构仓储库的发展,同时也为世界范围内数字仓储库的互操作性做出了贡献。原创性/价值——本文描述了德国采用的一个独特方法,同时也适用于其他国家及组织。

Docosahexaenoic acid suppresses arachidonic acid-induced proliferation of LS-174T human colon carcinoma cells

AIM： To investigate the impact of arachidonic acid （AA） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） and their combination on colon cancer cell growth. METHODS： The LS-174T colon cancer cell line was used to study the role of the prostaglandin precursor AA and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid DHA on cell growth. Cell viability was assessed in XTT assays. For analysis of cell cycle and cell death, flow cytometry and DAPI staining were applied. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）, p21 and bcl-2 in ceils incubated with AA or DHA was examined by real-time RT-PCR. Prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） generation in the presence of AA and DHA was measured using a PGE2- ELISA. RESULTS： AA increased cell growth, whereas DHA reduced viability of LS 174T cells in a time- and dosedependent manner. Furthermore, DHA down- regulated mRNA of bcl-2 and up-regulated p21. Interestingly, DHA was able to suppress AA-induced cell proliferation and significantly lowered AA-derived PGE2 formation. DHA also down-regulated COX-2 expression. In addition to the effect on PGE2 formation, DHA directly reduced PGE2-induced cell proliferation in a dosedependent manner. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that DHA can inhibit the pro-proliferative effect of abundant AA or PGE2.

The first dinosaur tracksite from Xinjiang, NW China (Middle Jurassic Sanjianfang Formation, Turpan Basin)──a preliminary report

A new dinosaur tracksite was discovered in a steeply inclined sandstone layer of the Middle Jurassic Sanjianfang Formation in the Shanshan area of the Turpan Basin. The site is the first record of dinosaur footprints from Xinjiang Province in northwestern China. More than 150 tridactyl theropod dinosaur footprints are preserved as positive hyporeliefs on the lower bedding plane of a fine-grained sandstone body. Most of the footprints are isolated and appear to be randomly distributed. Some show well defined phalangeal pads, heels and rarely indistinct impressions of the distal part of the metatarsus. Two distinct morphotypes are present: a larger type with relatively broad pads shows similarities to Changpeipus and Megalosauripus, and a slightly smaller, slender and gracile type which is similar to Grallator, Eubrontes and Anchisauripus. In both morphotypes, digit III is the longest with a length between 11.4 and 33.6 cm. A single imprint shows prominent scratches, probably formed during slipping of the track maker.

What’s new in inflammatory bowel disease in 2008?

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease represent the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease. In this highlight topic series of articles we cover the latest developments in genetics and epidemiology, intestinal physiology, mucosal immunology, mechanisms of epithelial cell injury and restitution, current medical therapy, modern surgical management, important extra- intestinal complications such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, cholangiocellular carcinoma and autoimmune hepatitis as well as endoscopic and molecular screening, detection and prevention of small bowel and colorectal cancer.

Development of ulcerative colitis in a patient with multiple sclerosis following treatment with interferonβ 1a

To alert clinicians to a potential novel adverse drug effect of interferonβ la, we herein report a patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who developed ulcerative colitis following treatment with interferonβ la. Ulcerative colitis persisted despite discontinuation of interferonβ la treatment and switching the patient to glatiramer acetate. Tacrolimus （FK506）, 6-mercaptopurine, and prednisolone were required to induce remission. Both ulcerative colitis and multiple sclerosis were eventually well controlled using this regimen. Our report underscores that caution should be exercised when prescribing immunostimulatory agents in patients with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） and challenges current efforts to stimulate innate immunity as a novel therapeutic concept for IBD.

利用实时反向转录PCR的分子定量监测TEL-AML1^+儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病的治疗反应和缓解状况

运用分子生物学技术及流式细胞术,对治疗反应和微小残留白血病病灶(MRD)进行灵敏的定量分析,可以更加可靠地预测儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)患者的预后及复发风险 .分子水平的研究大多数利用T细胞受体(TCR)和免疫球蛋白基因重排作为唯一克隆特异性标志来监测MRD,但这种DNA水平上的研究方法时间长、费用高而且工作量大.在儿童ALL 中,有35%～45%出现染色体易位,形成融合基因,出现嵌合体转录本以及表达相应的蛋白质 .儿童初发前B细胞-急性淋巴细胞性白血病(BCP-ALL)最常见的基因重排是隐性易位t(1 2;21)(p13;q22),可导致21号染色体上的AML1序列与12号染色体的TEL基因融合.TEL和AM L1这两种转录因子均为正常造血所必需,而且它们的基因部位分别与急性或慢性白血病及骨髓增生异常综合征相关的染色体易位有关.

MINIMALLY INVASIVE REVASCULARISATION ON THE BEATING HEART IN COMBINATION WTTH PTCA

With the experience of over 250 beating hear operations since Feb 1995 westarted minimally invasive revascularization of the LAD(MIDCAB).SinceFeb.1996 we operated upon 182 patients with this procedure Since June1996 we treated 40 patients with multivessel discase with a Hybridproccdurc(PTCA plus MIDCAB)The age of the patients ranged between 68 and 79 years.29 patients waremaic.28 patiens suffered from a double vessel discase.12 patients fromtriple vessel discase.The left ventricular ejeetion fraction was loss then 40%in 8 cases 2 patients underwent a reoperativc procedure.Further risk factorswere COLD(n=9).recent MI(n=6),renal insufliciency(n=13).Diabeiesinellitus(n-12).The left mammary was prepared in the usual manner.As access wechese a partial inferior sternotomy(n=4)or a lateral minithoracotomy(n=36).The anastomosis was performed on the beating heart.In all patients we conneeted the LIMA to the LAD.All patients survived andcould be discharged on the 6th postoperative day(mean).In two patients arevision due to bleeding became necessary.Two patients reccived a bloodtransfusions.Postoperatively 15 patients reccived a PTCA of the RCX.4 astentimplantation to the Rex.16 a PTCA of the RCA.5 a stentimplantationto the RCA and 3 patients a PTCA of a D1.3 patients developed a falscaneurysm after the cathcter intervention.By performing the nunimally invasive proeedure the trauma caused bycxtracorporeal circulation can be avoided.Through the combination withPTCA a less invasive therapy of coronary multivessel discase becomespossible in select patients.Postoperative complications and hospital stay canbe teduced.

Daily Physical Activity Improves Vascular Function and Motor Skills in Children

The literature is consistent that regular physical activity in children has to be increased in order to compensate the negative health effects resulting from growing sedentary lifestyle. Thus, we analyzed in 45 students （aged 6.6 ± 0.7 years） the effects of a regular exercise intervention, on top of the normal physical education classes, on motor performance （MP） and hemodynamic parameters. The students were randomized either to an intervention （INT） （n = 23） or a control （CON） （n = 22） group. Throughout a 9 months period, INT received additional exercise interventions two days a week for 45 minutes. The main outcome measures were MP, peripheral and central blood pressure （BP）, augmentation index （Alx） and aortic pulse wave velocity （aPWV）. After the exercise intervention, we found significant （P 〈 0.05） positive effects on various test items of MP and significant decreases in peripheral and central systolic BP in INT. In contrast, in CON the respective parameters increased in CON alter the observation period. Moreover, aPWV decreased significantly in INT （P = 0.047） and increased in CON, thus resulting in a significant difference in the mean change （P = 0.043）. There were no considerable changes in AIx in both groups. In conclusion, we demonstrated that an increase in regular physical activity has a positive influence on development of MP and hemodynamic parameters even in early childhood. The findings of this study suggest that an increase in exercise time should be initiated as early as possible to improve motor ability and prevent future cardiovascular risk.

转移性胸部肿瘤与乳外型Paget病致瘤样斑秃:表皮肿瘤样表现

Clinically similar skin diseases can exhibit phenotypic mimicry as demonstrated here for alopecia neoplastica. An 89-year-old female patient had been treated for scalp eczema for several years until biopsy revealed pagetoid carcinoma. Her clinical history showed a mastectomy 20 years ago. For that reason the differential diagnosis was extramammary Paget’s disease or epidermotropic metastasis of the breast carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity of MUC1, indicating that the latter is the case.

系统性应用抗CD20单克隆抗体美罗华治疗原发性皮肤B细胞淋巴瘤8疗程的疗效观察

Background:Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCLs)are characterized by restriction to the skin and a variable but mostly favourable prognosis. Since 1997 the recombinant, chimeric anti-CD20 antibody rituximab has been used in patients suffering from non-Hodgkin,s B-cell lymphomas. Different studies have shown that the effectiveness and safety in the treatment of patients with low-grade follicular lymphoma is comparable to or even higher than the standard CHOP chemotherapy. So far it has been unclear whether an extended duration of therapy lead s to a benefit for the patients with PCBCL. Objectives:To evaluate the objective response rate, time to progression, remission quality and histological changes and to compare our data with the literature. Patients/Methods:Ten patients with PCBCL [eight with follicle centre cell lymphoma (FCCL), one with marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and one with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the leg (DLBCL)]were treated by intravenous application of a chimeric antibody against the CD20 transmembrane antigen (rituximab) with a dosage of eight cycles, 375 mg m-2 body surface, weekly. Results:The treatment regimen resulted in clinical overall response in 9 of 10 patients, in particular there were seven complete responses (70%) plus two partial responses (20%). The median duration of remission (durable remission, DR) is 23 months (4-30 months) to date. Histological assessment of responses in four patients showed no tumour-specific infiltration. In two patients histology revealed a residual infiltration and in one patient an increasing infiltration. In two patients no histology was taken after treatment; one patient developed a new lesion. No severe side-effects occurred. Observed side-effects were two bacterial infections, two patients with shivering during infusion, one patient with sweating for months and one patient with persisting itching. As expected the B-cell count in peripheral blood was depressed in all patients after infusion. Conclusions:Intravenous therapy with eight cycles of the antiCD20 antibody rituximab is a non-toxic and effective treatment for a sub set of patients with PCBCL(relapsed,aggressiveentity, old patients, multiple lesions) with a long DR.

Gene complementation analysis indicates that parasitic dodder plants do not depend on the host FT protein for flowering

Dear Editor,Cuscuta,a genus of parasitic plants,poses a significant threat to global agriculture due to its broad host range that encompasses numerous cultivated crops.The plants form specialized feeding organs(haustoria)that connect to the host vascular tissue and import water,nutrients,secondary metabolites,small RNAs,mRNAs,and proteins.One such protein is FT,a peptide hormone and florigen that was recently proposed to cause the synchronization of flowering in the parasite–host system(Shen et al.,2020).

F4ESS-a framework for interdisciplinary data-driven earth system science

Earth system science is an interdisciplinary effort to understand the fundamentals and interactions of environmental processes.Interdisciplinary research is challenging since it demands the integration of scientific schemes and practices from different research fields into a collaborative work environment.This paper introduces the framework F4ESS that supports this integration.F4ESS provides methods and technologies that facilitate the development of integrative work environments for Earth system science.F4ESS enables scientists a)to outline structured and summarized descriptions of scientific procedures to facilitate communication and synthesis,b)to combine a large variety of distributed data analysis software into seamless data analysis chains and workflows,c)to visually combine and interactively explore the manifold spatiotemporal data and results to support understanding and knowledge creation.The F4ESS methods and technologies are generic and can be applied in various scientific fields.We discuss F4EsS in the context of the interdisciplinary investigation of flood events.

眶部肌锥外间隙非霍奇金淋巴瘤的高分辨率MRI表现

目的探讨眶部肌锥外间隙非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)的高分辨率MR(HR-MR)成像特征.方法回顾性分析16例经病理诊断明确的眶部肌锥外间隙NHL病灶的位置、数目、形态、大小、MRI信号及其对邻近结构侵犯等.MR扫描采用1.5 T MR扫描机,眼眶部表面线圈,SE及快速SE(FSE)序列常规横轴面或冠状面及斜矢状面扫描,全部病例行脂肪抑制技术.全部病例均行增强扫描及HR-MRI检查.结果 16例中的13例病灶位于肌锥外间隙的前上份,紧靠眶隔的后方,呈不规则的长条状铸型改变;其余3例为弥漫性病变,累及眶部肌锥外间隙,呈不规则形.11个病灶的体积>3 cm3, 4个病灶的体积为中等大小(1～3 cm3),只有1例病灶<1 cm3.13例病灶边缘不清晰并浸润眼外肌但不推移眼外肌; 7例浸润眼球壁,仅3例眼球突出,2例弥漫性病变者伴有骨质破坏.与肌肉比较,所有16例病灶T1WI均为等信号, T2WI表现为高信号13例,等信号3例;所有16例病灶均有强化,15例为均匀强化,10例为明显强化.结论眶部肌锥外间隙NHL的HR-MRI表现具有一定的特征性,表现为铸型生长、位于肌锥外间隙的前份,紧靠眶隔的后方、病灶边缘欠清晰并浸润,但不推移眼外肌,T1WI信号等于肌肉、T2WI信号高于肌肉、增强扫描病灶呈明显强化.眶部肌锥外间隙NHL的HR-MR影像学特征有助于临床与其他眶部占位相鉴别.

EFNS脑静脉和静脉窦血栓形成治疗指南

脑静脉和静脉窦血栓形成(CVST)是一种相当少见的疾病,仅占所有卒中的不到1%。由于其临床症状谱广且常呈亚急性或迁延起病,因此往往被漏诊或延误诊断。目前在临床实践中采取的治疗措施包括:抗凝药,如剂量调整的静脉肝素或体质量调整皮下注射低分子肝素(LMWH);溶栓治疗;对症治疗,包括控制癎性发作和降低颅内压。我们通过MEDLINE(美国国立医学图书馆)、Cochrane对照试验注册中心资料库和Cochrane数据库进行了文献检索,对支持这些治疗措施的证据强度进行了评价,并在现有最佳证据基础上制定了CVST治疗的推荐意见。综述性文献和书籍章节内容亦被包括在内。通过共识达成推荐意见。当缺乏证据但能达成明确的共识时,我们将自己的观点表述为良好临床实践要点(GPP)。无抗凝禁忌证的CVST患者应接受体质量调整皮下注射LMWH或剂量调整静脉肝素治疗(GPP)。伴发CVST相关性颅内出血不是肝素治疗的禁忌证。急性期后口服抗凝药的最佳疗程尚不清楚。如果CVST继发于可迅速消退的危险因素,口服抗凝治疗可持续3个月;对于原发性CVST和存在轻度遗传性血栓形成倾向的患者,则需要治疗6～12个月;对于有过≥2次CVST以及有过1次CVST但存在严重遗传性血栓形成倾向的患者,应考虑永久性抗凝治疗(GPP)。尚无充分的证据支持对CVST患者进行全身或局部溶栓治疗。如果充分抗凝治疗后患者仍然出现病情恶化并且排除了其他导致恶化的因素,溶栓治疗可作为一种治疗选择,尤其是对于那些无颅内出血的病例(GPP)。在重症CVST患者中,关于降低增高的颅内压(伴脑组织移位)的某些治疗措施的风险和益处尚无对照资料。抗水肿治疗应作为挽救生命的干预措施,包括过度通气、渗透性利尿药和颅骨切除术(GPP)。

The pH of the Apoplast： Dynamic Factor with =unctional Impact Under Stress

The apoplast is an interconnected compartment with a thin water-film that alkalinizes under stress. This systemic pH increase may be a secondary effect without functional implications, arising from ion movements or proton-pump regulations. On the other hand, there are increasing indications that it is part of a mechanism to withstand stress. Regardless of this controversy, alkalinization of the apoplast has received little attention. The apoplastic pH （PHapo） increases not only during plant-pathogen interactions but also in response to salinity or drought. Not much is known about the mechanisms that cause the leaf apoplast to alkalinize, nor whether, and if so, how functional impact is conveyed. Controversial explanations have been given, and the unusual complexity of pHapo regulation is considered as the primary reason behind this lack of knowledge. A gathering of scattered information revealed that changes in PHapo convey functionality by regulating stomatal aperture via the effects exerted on abscisic acid. Moreover, apoplastic alkalinization may regulate growth under stress, whereas this needs to be verified. In this review, a comprehensive survey about several physiological mechanisms that alkalize the apoplast under stress is given, and the suitability of apoplastic alkalinization as transducing element for the transmission of sensory information is discussed.

The contribution of maps to the challenges of risk communication to the public

Risk communication is a significant challenge in risk management.It serves different purposes;an important one is to improve the public risk awareness and mitigation.Because of the strong spatio-temporal component of natural hazards,maps can play a decisive role in communicating risk information.The application and design of maps for risk communication especially to the public has not been investigated comprehensively.Specific constraints and challenges of risk communication have not been considered systematically in the map design process so far.This study aims at developing a frame for the application and design of interactive risk and hazard maps for the public which is based on the specific constraints and challenges of risk communication.In a literature review it introduces concepts and methods from social sciences and psychology,which have been assessed as important for communicating risk information.The concepts and methods are adapted to map-mediated risk communication according to the approaches of Activity Theory.Communication objectives and tasks which are essential to improve risk mitigation are identified and geovisualization methods for information presentation are related according to the degree which they are able to serve them.Based on this,some principles for map-based risk communication are established.

Identification of Early Nuclear Target Genes of Plastidial Redox Signals that Trigger the Long- Term Response of Arabidopsis to Light Quality Sh∽ts

Natural illumination conditions are highly variable and because of their sessile life style, plants are forced to acclimate to them at the cellular and molecular level. Changes in light intensity or quality induce changes in the reduction/oxidation （redox） state of the photosynthetic electron chain that acts as a trigger for compen- satory acclimation responses comprising functional and structural adjustments of photosynthesis and metabolism. Such responses include redox-controlled changes in plant gene expression in the nucleus and organelles. Here we describe a strategy for the identification of early redox-regulated genes （ERGs） in the nucleus of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana that respond significantly 30 or 60 min after the generation of a reduction signal in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. By comparing the response of wild-type plants with that of the acclimation mutant stn7, we could specifically identify ERGs. The results reveal a significant impact of chloroplast redox signals on distinct nuclear gene groups including genes for the mitochondrial electron transport chain, tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and signaling lipid synthesis. These expression profiles are clearly different from those observed in response to the reduction of photosynthetic electron transport by high light treatments. Thus, the ERGs identified are unique to redox imbalances in photosynthetic electron transport and were then used for analyzing potential redox-responsive cis-elements, trans-factors, and chromosomal regulatory hot spots. The data identify a novel redox-responsive element and indicate extensive redox control at transcriptional and chromosomal levels that point to an unprecedented impact of redox signals on epigenetic processes.

Countrywide Survey for MERS-Coronavirus Antibodies in Dromedaries and Humans in Pakistan

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic pathogen capable of causing severe respiratory disease in humans. Although dromedary camels are considered as a major reservoir host, the MERS-CoV infection dynamics in camels are not fully understood. Through surveillance in Pakistan, nasal (n = 776) and serum (n = 1050)samples were collected from camels between November 2015 and February 2018. Samples were collected from animal markets, free-roaming herds and abattoirs. An in-house ELISA was developed to detect IgG against MERS-CoV. A total of 794 camels were found seropositive for MERS-CoV. Prevalence increased with the age and the highest seroprevalence was recorded in camels aged [ 10 years (81.37%) followed by those aged 3.1–10 years (78.65%) and B 3 years (58.19%).Higher prevalence was observed in female (78.13%) as compared to male (70.70%). Of the camel nasal swabs, 22 were found to be positive by RT-qPCR though with high Ct values. Moreover, 2,409 human serum samples were also collected from four provinces of Pakistan during 2016–2017. Among the sampled population, 840 humans were camel herders.Although we found a high rate of MERS-CoV antibody positive dromedaries (75.62%) in Pakistan, no neutralizing antibodies were detected in humans with and without contact to camels.