Many biological structures such as nerves,blood and lymphatic vessels,and muscle fibres exhibit longitudinal ge-ometries with distinct cell types extending along both the length and width of internal linear axes.Model...Many biological structures such as nerves,blood and lymphatic vessels,and muscle fibres exhibit longitudinal ge-ometries with distinct cell types extending along both the length and width of internal linear axes.Modelling these three-dimensional structures in vitro is challenging:the best-defined stem-cell differentiation systems are mono-layer cultures or organoids using pluripotent stem cells.Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into functionally mature cells depending on the signals received,holding great promise for regenerative medicine.However,the integration of in vitro differentiated cell types into diseased tissue remains a challenge.Engineered scaffolds can bridge this gap if the appropriate signalling systems are incorporated into the scaffold.Here,we have taken a biomimicry approach to generate longitudinal structures in vitro.In this approach,mouse embryonic stem cells are directed to differentiate to specific cell types on the surface of polycaprolactone(PCL)fibres treated by plasma-immersion ion implantation and to which with lineage-specifying molecules have been covalently im-mobilised.We demonstrate the simplicity and utility of our method for efficiently generating high yields of the following cell types from these pluripotent stem cells:neurons,vascular endothelial cells,osteoclasts,adipocytes,and cells of the erythroid,myeloid,and lymphoid lineages.Strategically arranged plasma-treated scaffolds with differentiated cell types could ultimately serve as a means for the repair or treatment of diseased or damaged tissue.展开更多
In many ways,cancer cells are different from healthy cells.A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy cells.Currently,nanotechnology-based delivery system...In many ways,cancer cells are different from healthy cells.A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy cells.Currently,nanotechnology-based delivery systems are the most promising tool to deliver DNA-based products to cancer cells.This review aims to highlight the latest development in the lipids and polymeric nanocarrier for siRNA delivery to the cancer cells.It also provides the necessary information about siRNA development and its mechanism of action.Overall,this review gives us a clear picture of lipid and polymer-based drug delivery systems,which in the future could form the base to translate the basic siRNA biology into siRNA-based cancer therapies.展开更多
基金supported by the Australian Research Council Laureate and Discovery fundings[FL190100216,DP190103507 and DE210100662]the University of Sydney School of Physics“Grand Challenge”program.
文摘Many biological structures such as nerves,blood and lymphatic vessels,and muscle fibres exhibit longitudinal ge-ometries with distinct cell types extending along both the length and width of internal linear axes.Modelling these three-dimensional structures in vitro is challenging:the best-defined stem-cell differentiation systems are mono-layer cultures or organoids using pluripotent stem cells.Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into functionally mature cells depending on the signals received,holding great promise for regenerative medicine.However,the integration of in vitro differentiated cell types into diseased tissue remains a challenge.Engineered scaffolds can bridge this gap if the appropriate signalling systems are incorporated into the scaffold.Here,we have taken a biomimicry approach to generate longitudinal structures in vitro.In this approach,mouse embryonic stem cells are directed to differentiate to specific cell types on the surface of polycaprolactone(PCL)fibres treated by plasma-immersion ion implantation and to which with lineage-specifying molecules have been covalently im-mobilised.We demonstrate the simplicity and utility of our method for efficiently generating high yields of the following cell types from these pluripotent stem cells:neurons,vascular endothelial cells,osteoclasts,adipocytes,and cells of the erythroid,myeloid,and lymphoid lineages.Strategically arranged plasma-treated scaffolds with differentiated cell types could ultimately serve as a means for the repair or treatment of diseased or damaged tissue.
文摘In many ways,cancer cells are different from healthy cells.A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy cells.Currently,nanotechnology-based delivery systems are the most promising tool to deliver DNA-based products to cancer cells.This review aims to highlight the latest development in the lipids and polymeric nanocarrier for siRNA delivery to the cancer cells.It also provides the necessary information about siRNA development and its mechanism of action.Overall,this review gives us a clear picture of lipid and polymer-based drug delivery systems,which in the future could form the base to translate the basic siRNA biology into siRNA-based cancer therapies.
