Curupira V1.0: Joint Inversion of VES and TEM for Environmental and Mass Movements Studies

An innovative inversion code, named “Curupira v1.0”, has been developed using Matlab to determine the vertical distribution of resistivity beneath the subsoil. The program integrates Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), successful in shallow subsurface exploration and Time Domain Electromagnetic (TEM) techniques, better suited for deeper exploration, both of which are widely employed in geophysical exploration. These methodologies involve calculating subsurface resistivity through appropriate inversion processes. To address the ill-posed nature of inverse problems in geophysics, a joint inversion scheme combining VES and TEM data has been incorporated into Curupira v1.0. The software has been tested on both synthetic and real-world data, the latter of which was acquired from the Parana sedimentary basin which we summarise here. The results indicate that the joint inversion of VES and TEM techniques offers improved recovery of simulated models and demonstrates significant potential for hydrogeological studies.

基于离散布谷鸟算法求解带时间窗和同时取送货的车辆路径问题

为求解带时间窗和同时取送货的车辆路径问题(VRPSPDTW),提出一种离散布谷鸟(DCS)算法,该算法在标准布谷鸟算法的基础上,在Lévy飞行位置更新过程中,使用路径内搜索2-opt法和路径间搜索swap/shift法改进当前巢穴;在寄生巢位置更新过程中,使用路径内搜索relocate/exchange法和路径间搜索GENE法,随机产生新巢穴。选取Wang和Chen测试数据集,对算法性能进行测试,并与遗传算法和并行模拟退火算法进行比较。测试结果显示,在9个中小型顾客规模算例中,DCS算法获取了所有的当前国际最优解,在56个大型顾客规模的算例中,DCS算法在5个算例中更新了当前国际最优解,在17个算例中获取了当前国际最优解。通过Rank值法对这3种算法进行Friedman检验和Wilcoxon秩检验,结果表明所提DCS算法的有效性。

Competences for a culture of prevention

Work is changing. Traditional approaches to prevention fall short. A broader understanding of prevention and the cultural transformation associated with it mean that there are new demands on companies and their employees. People and organisations need competences for this transformation; they must be empowered to create humane living and working conditions. In order for people and organisations to be able to develop competences for the transformation,appropriate structural conditions in educational institutions and workplaces must be created. These conditions should enable people to experience a feeling of competence,to feel part of something and to perceive their actions as autonomous.

汉中天坑群发现的东方剑齿象化石及其地质时代

本文对汉中天坑群天星岩竖井中发现的剑齿象化石进行了初步研究,通过形态特征对比认为其可归为东方剑齿象(Stegodon orientalis),化石是由地表流水将剑齿象遗骸分解后的骨骼带入竖井中而形成的。综合对东方剑齿象的生存时代、化石赋存层位的岩性特征和时代以及天星岩竖井的形成时代等方面的分析结果,认为天星岩竖井中东方剑齿象化石的地质时代为晚更新世,可能为晚更新世晚期。天星岩竖井中东方剑齿象化石的发现对于研究汉中天坑群地区岩溶地貌的形成时代、第四纪时期古气候环境具有重要意义。

Dipper Throated Optimization Algorithm for Unconstrained Function and Feature Selection

Dipper throated optimization(DTO)algorithm is a novel with a very efficient metaheuristic inspired by the dipper throated bird.DTO has its unique hunting technique by performing rapid bowing movements.To show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm,DTO is tested and compared to the algorithms of Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA),Grey Wolf Optimizer(GWO),and Genetic Algorithm(GA)based on the seven unimodal benchmark functions.Then,ANOVA and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests are performed to confirm the effectiveness of the DTO compared to other optimization techniques.Additionally,to demonstrate the proposed algorithm’s suitability for solving complex realworld issues,DTO is used to solve the feature selection problem.The strategy of using DTOs as feature selection is evaluated using commonly used data sets from the University of California at Irvine(UCI)repository.The findings indicate that the DTO outperforms all other algorithms in addressing feature selection issues,demonstrating the proposed algorithm’s capabilities to solve complex real-world situations.

A Hybrid Neural Network and Box-Jenkins Models for Time Series Forecasting

Time series forecasting plays a significant role in numerous applications,including but not limited to,industrial planning,water consumption,medical domains,exchange rates and consumer price index.The main problem is insufficient forecasting accuracy.The present study proposes a hybrid forecastingmethods to address this need.The proposed method includes three models.The first model is based on the autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)statistical model;the second model is a back propagation neural network(BPNN)with adaptive slope and momentum parameters;and the thirdmodel is a hybridization between ARIMA and BPNN(ARIMA/BPNN)and artificial neural networks and ARIMA(ARIMA/ANN)to gain the benefits of linear and nonlinearmodeling.The forecasting models proposed in this study are used to predict the indices of the consumer price index(CPI),and predict the expected number of cancer patients in the Ibb Province in Yemen.Statistical standard measures used to evaluate the proposed method include(i)mean square error,(ii)mean absolute error,(iii)root mean square error,and(iv)mean absolute percentage error.Based on the computational results,the improvement rate of forecasting the CPI dataset was 5%,71%,and 4%for ARIMA/BPNN model,ARIMA/ANN model,and BPNN model respectively;while the result for cancer patients’dataset was 7%,200%,and 19%for ARIMA/BPNNmodel,ARIMA/ANN model,and BPNNmodel respectively.Therefore,it is obvious that the proposed method reduced the randomness degree,and the alterations affected the time series with data non-linearity.The ARIMA/ANN model outperformed each of its components when it was applied separately in terms of increasing the accuracy of forecasting and decreasing the overall errors of forecasting.

高分辨率CT联合PET/CT对周围型肺癌和结核球的鉴别诊断价值

目的:评估高分辨率CT(high resolution CT,HRCT)联合正电子发射计算机断层显像(positron emission computed tomography,PET/CT)对周围型肺癌和结核球的鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾分析2019年4月至2021年7月我院收治59例病理或临床证实的周围型肺癌与结核球患者的临床资料,均行HRCT、PET/CT检查。查看两类疾病分布情况与检查诊断结果。结果:周围型肺癌与结核球的分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);37例周围型肺癌与22例结核球单纯PET/CT检查:34例周围型肺癌、16例结核球,3例肺癌行PET/CT检查为阴性,6例结核球行PET/CT检查为假阳性;PET/CT并HRCT检查:36例周围型肺癌、20例结核球,1例肺癌行PET/CT并HRCT为阴性,2例结核球行PET/CT并HRCT为阳性;单纯PET/CT检查敏感度91.82%、特异度72.73%、准确度84.75%虽均低于PET/CT并HRCT检查的97.30%、90.91%、94.92%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:PET/CT联合HRCT检查可提高周围型肺癌和结核球临床诊断的准确性,同时降低假阳性率。

Dynamic Modelling of Dengue Epidemics in Function of Available Enthalpy and Rainfall

In this work, we present results of an investigation of environmental precursors of infectious epidemic of dengue fever in the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, obtained by a numerical model with representation of infection and reinfection of the population. The period considered extend between 2000 and 2011, in which it was possible to pair meteorological data and the reporting of dengue patients worsening. These data should also be considered in the numerical model, by assimilation, to obtain simulations of Dengue epidemics. The model contains compartments for the human population, for the vector Aedes aegypti and four virus serotypes. The results provide consistent evidence that worsening infection and disease outbreaks are due to the occurrence of environmental precursors, as the dynamics of the accumulation of water in the breeding and energy availability in the form of metabolic activation enthalpy during pre-epidemic periods.

The Effects of Negative Values of Apparent Resistivity in TEM Surveys

The calculation of apparent resistivity in electrical methods is relatively simple and consolidated in the literature. Furthermore, in the case of DC methods, the apparent resistivity values are for the most part, intuitive and enable an initial interpretation of the results. On the other hand, in TEM method the apparent resistivity values are not very intuitive and interpretation based only on the apparent resistivity values cannot be done reasonably. In this way, this paper presents a discussion about the reasons and effects of the negatives values of apparent resistivity in TEM soundings. The main objective of this paper is to clarify the meanings of these negatives values and the possible effects in TEM inversion.

Value-at-Risk Approach to Currency Crises： A Brazilian Example With the Central Bank and Currency Based Assets＊

This paper uses a Value at Risk （VaR） approach to evaluate a country financial vulnerability, by analyzing the risk exposure of its Central Bank, as if their assets are subject to market risk. The Brazilian currency exchange swaps contracts （USS/Brazilian Reais） are submitted to a delta-normal VaR method, in order to evaluate the market risk of each swaps series, by modeling the variance of the daily returns, from August 1999 to January 2003. All daily returns series exhibited heteroscedasticity in the conditional variance and sudden changes in the unconditional variance. The points of changes of the unconditional variance were determined through the Iterative Cumulative Sum of Squares （ICSS） algorithm, and the conditional variance was modeled with Markov-Switching-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity （SWGARCH） in order to capture heteroscedasticity and regime change. The results lead to two main conclusions： First, a VaR model must incorporate heteroscedasticity and regime switching in order to describe the variance of the tested series, submitted to brisk changes of economic and political scenarios. Second, a volatility-based VaR do not necessarily generate forward-looking indicators, but rather coincident indicators of possible financial vulnerabilities. The future research will evolve towards evaluating the effects of the Basel III recommendations as if they could be applied to this crisis period.

Basel III and Central Banks With Multiple Objectives： Convergences Between Targets

This text evaluates the convergence among the main targets of a Central Bank, like the Brazilian Central Bank, with that deals with objectives such as inflation targeting, bank regulation, and financial inclusion, when it operates subject to the Bank for International Settlements （BIS） recommendations gathered in the recent Basel III agreement. A Brazilian conjuncture analysis starts with the economic stabilization plan known as Piano Real （July, 1994） and takes account that, from 2007 onwards, the world economy is going through troubled times unchained by the international financial crisis that motivated the recent Basel Agreement （Basel III）. There are two lines of analysis： macroeconomic and marketing. From the macroeconomic approach, there are plenty models to predict money supply and monetary aggregates. From a marketing perspective, it can be inferred that technologies potentially innovatives may alter the current scenario. The financial time series chosen are： daily money supply, banking reserves, and annual inflation （monthly announced）. The first statistical and empirical evidences from the period （July, 1994 to December, 2011） show that the management of banking reserves does not interfere with the continuous growth of the monetary base plus demand deposits （M1） and cash in circulation, which possibly indicates an increasing financial inclusion. Moreover, there is no evidence that it creates inflationary pressures. The future works may require competencies pertinent to prospective finance and consumer behavior （marketing）.

Annealing Harmony Search Algorithm to Solve the Nurse Rostering Problem

A real-life problem is the rostering of nurses at hospitals.It is a famous nondeterministic,polynomial time(NP)-hard combinatorial optimization problem.Handling the real-world nurse rostering problem(NRP)constraints in distributing workload equally between available nurses is still a difficult task to achieve.The international shortage of nurses,in addition to the spread of COVID-19,has made it more difficult to provide convenient rosters for nurses.Based on the literature,heuristic-based methods are the most commonly used methods to solve the NRP due to its computational complexity,especially for large rosters.Heuristic-based algorithms in general have problems striking the balance between diversification and intensification.Therefore,this paper aims to introduce a novel metaheuristic hybridization that combines the enhanced harmony search algorithm(EHSA)with the simulated annealing(SA)algorithm called the annealing harmony search algorithm(AHSA).The AHSA is used to solve NRP from a Malaysian hospital.The AHSA performance is compared to the EHSA,climbing harmony search algorithm(CHSA),deluge harmony search algorithm(DHSA),and harmony annealing search algorithm(HAS).The results show that the AHSA performs better than the other compared algorithms for all the tested instances where the best ever results reported for the UKMMC dataset.

Exploration of Ethnopharmacological Potential of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anthelmintic and Phytochemical Analysis of Medicinally Important Plant <i>Centella asiatica</i>(L.) Urban in Mart. and Eichl.

As there is a huge pressure on the cultivated medicinal plants and due to this pressure a large number of plants are being eradicated yearly. So to reduce this pressure on the cultivated plants an effort is being done to use the wild plants as a good medicinal agent and a cheaper source as well. The present study was undertaken to find out the Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity and Pharmacological Analysis of Centella asiatica. It is a wild plant and mostly found on the damp places of plains and foothills. It was collected, dried and extracted by maceration method in different polar and non-polar solvents i.e. petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and distilled water. These extracts were further used to find out the antimicrobial, antioxidant and anthelmintic activities. Centella asiatica showed remarkable values comparable with the standard antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. Well defined zones of inhibition were recorded indicating that the plants were potent against pathogenic microbes, such as i.e. Bcteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphyllococcus saprophyticus, E. coli) and fungi (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus parasiticus and Rhizopus oryzae). The antioxidant activity of all the plant extracts was studied by DPPH Assay, Total Antioxidant Assay and Total phenolic Assay and the remarkable values comparable with the standard antioxidants were recorded. For pharmacological analysis different secondary metabolites indicated positive results whereas some others gave negative results.

cPCI/PXI技术产业计算机发展的新纪元

1 988年,随着PC机在全球范围内的不断普及,出现了基于PC-BASED的PC工控机。由于PC工控机与PC机无论在硬件还是软件上都完全兼容,借助于PC机良好的周边设备支持和丰富的应用软件,PC工控机的应用领域开始迅速广泛拓展,从工业领域逐步延伸到现代经济的各个领域。

PM2.5 Estimation with the WRF/Chem Model,Produced by Vehicular Flow in the Lima Metropolitan Area

Lima is the capital of the Republic of Peru. It is the most important city in the country and as other Latin America metropolises have multiple problems, including air pollution due to particulate material above air quality standards, emitted by 1.6 million vehicles. The “on-line” coupled model of meteorology and chemistry of transport and meteorological/chemistry, WRF/Chem (Weather and Research Forecasting with Chemistry) has been used in the Lima Metropolitan Area, and validated against data observed at ground level with ten air quality stations of the National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology for the year 2016. The goal of this study was to estimate the concentration of PM2.5 particulate matter in the months of February and July of 2016. In both months, the model satisfactorily predicts temperature and relative humidity. The average observed PM2.5 concentrations in the month of July are higher than in February, probably because the relative humidity in July is greater than the relative humidity in February. In the months of February and July the standard observed deviations of the model have a factor of 2.4 and 3.7 respectively, indicating a greater dispersion in the data of the model. In the month of July, the model captures the characteristics of transport, shows characteristic peaks during peak hours, therefore, the model estimates transport behavior better in July than in February. The quality of the air is strongly influenced by the vehicular transport. The PM2.5 particulate material in February had an average bias that varied from [?13.2 to 4.4 μg/m3] and in July [?9.63 to 11.65 μg/m3] and a normalized average bias in February that varied from [?0.68 to 0.43] and in July of [?0.46 to 0.48].

Diurnal Cycle of Heating and Water Vapor in the Metropolitan Area of Porto in Portugal

In this work, it is investigated the Urban Heat Island (UHI) using conservative thermodynamic variables observed by surface weather stations on the Metropolitan Area of Porto (Oporto) in Portugal, under adiabatic conditions at the surface. These conditions are usually present and associated with the development of a mixture layer into the diurnal Convective Boundary Layer (CBL), which residual layer in the late afternoon defines the initial state for the development of the nocturnal UHI. Both the spatial structure and temporal variation of potential temperature and specific humidity were considered, along the hours and days of the year, from a statistical point of view, resulting in hourly climatology. Details of the hourly evolution of the meteorological variables on the Oporto surface are presented and discussed. Results show a seasonal variation of the potential temperature up to 17&#176;C throughout the year, which is associated with horizontal thermal gradients that can control and trigger mesoscale circulations such as sea-land, urban and valley-mountain breezes.

Dengue Climate Variability in Rio de Janeiro City with Cross-Wavelet Transform

Dengue is one of the most prominent tropical epidemic diseases present in the Rio de Janeiro city and Southeast part of Brazil, due to the widespread conditions of occurrence of the dengue vector, the mosquito Aedesaegypti, such as high-temperature days interlaced with afternoon or nocturnal rainstorms in summer. This work has the objective of investigating the relationships between variabilities of the El Ni?o-South Oscillation (ENSO) and greater epidemics of dengue in Rio de Janeiro city. To accomplish this goal, the analysis and signal decomposition by cross-wavelet transform (WT) was applied to obtain the cross variability associated with variations of power and phase of both signals by characteristic periods and along with the time series. Data considered in the analysis are (the decimal logarithm of normalized value) of the monthly available notifications of dengue worsening, provided by the public health system of Brazil, and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) Ni?o 3.4 data, provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), in the period 2000-2017. A maximum cross-wavelet power close to 0.45 was obtained for the representative period of 1 year and also to periods between 3 and 4 years, associated with the positive phase of the SOI index (i.e. , La Ni?a) or with a transition to the positive phase. The evolution of the combined variability of SOI and dengue can be expressed by progressive differences in phase along the time, eventually resulting in yielding phases (i.e., La Niña-Dengue epidemic).

Melt pool monitoring in laser beam melting with two-wavelength holographic imaging

Over the past two decades, laser beam melting has emerged as the leading metal additive manufacturing process for producing small- and medium-size structures. However, a key obstacle for the application of this technique in industry is the lack of reliability and qualification mainly because of melt pool instabilities during the laser-powder interaction, which degrade the quality of the manufactured components. In this paper, we propose multi- wavelength digital holography as a proof of concept for in situ real-time investigation of the melt pool morphology. A two-wavelength digital holographic setup was co-axially implemented in a laser beam melting facility. The solidified aluminum tracks and melt pools during the manufacturing of 316L were obtained with full- field one-shot acquisitions at short exposure times and various scanning velocities. The evaluation of the complex coherence factor of digital holograms allowed the quality assessment of the phase reconstruction. The motion blur was analyzed by scanning the dynamic melt pool.

陕北地区下白垩统洛河组恐龙足迹的古生态学及地层学意义

陕北地区下白垩统洛河组恐龙足迹的发现为了解本地区恐龙的个体大小、运动方式、速度及生活习性等信息,恢复恐龙动物群面貌及古生态、古地理环境提供了化石证据。本文在前人研究的基础上,探讨了陕北地区下白垩统洛河组恐龙足迹在古生态学及地层学上的意义。对足迹形态特征的研究表明,陕北地区早白垩世恐龙足迹的造迹者体型较小,为小型兽脚类;对行迹特征的研究表明,造迹动物均处于正常行走状态,造迹恐龙以双足行走,而小型哺乳形动物为四足行走。靖边龙洲多条近于平行的恐龙行迹体现了小型兽脚类恐龙群居的生活习性;神木中鸡足迹组合为亚洲地区首次发现的具有典型沙漠相特征的巴西足迹遗迹相(Brasilichnium ichnofacies),为开展洲际地层对比提供了新的化石证据。陕北地区下白垩统洛河组的恐龙足迹拓宽了中国西北地区恐龙足迹的地理和地层分布范围,为探讨本区早白垩世恐龙动物群特征和演化及古生态、古地理、古环境等提供了条件和重要新材料。

A Novel Full-Euler Low Mach Number IMEX Splitting

In this paper,we introduce an extension of a splitting method for singularly perturbed equations,the socalled RS-IMEX splitting[Kaiser et al.,Journal of Scientific Computing,70(3),1390–1407],to deal with the fully compressible Euler equations.The straightforward application of the splitting yields sub-equations that are,due to the occurrence of complex eigenvalues,not hyperbolic.A modification,slightly changing the convective flux,is introduced that overcomes this issue.It is shown that the splitting gives rise to a discretization that respects the low-Mach number limit of the Euler equations;numerical results using finite volume and discontinuous Galerkin schemes show the potential of the discretization.