The relationships between lymphomas and their microenvironment appear to follow 3 major patterns:(1)an independent pattern;(2)a dependent pattern on deregulated interactions;and(3)a dependent pattern on regulated coex...The relationships between lymphomas and their microenvironment appear to follow 3 major patterns:(1)an independent pattern;(2)a dependent pattern on deregulated interactions;and(3)a dependent pattern on regulated coexistence.Typical examples of the third pattern are hepatitis C virus(HCV)-associated marginal zone lymphomas(MZLs)and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas.In these lymphomas,a regulated coexistence of the malignant cells and the microenvironmental factors usually occurs.At least initially,however,tumor development and cell growth largely depend on external signals from the microenvironment,such as viral antigens,cytokines,and cell-cell interactions.The association between HCV infection and B-cell lymphomas is not completely defined,although this association has been demonstrated by epidemiological studies.MZL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are the histotypes most frequently associated with HCV infection.Many mechanisms have been proposed for explaining HCV-induced lymphomagenesis;antigenic stimulation by HCV seems to be fundamental in establishing B-cell expansion as observed in mixed cryoglobulinemia and in B-cell lymphomas.Recently,antiviral treatment has been proved to be effective in the treatment of HCV-associated indolent lymphomas.Importantly,clinically responses were linked to the eradication of the HCV-RNA,providing a strong argument in favor of a causative link between HCV and lymphoproliferation.展开更多
Lightweight,flexibility,and low thickness are urgent requirements for next-generation high-performance electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials for catering to the demand for smart and wearable electronic ...Lightweight,flexibility,and low thickness are urgent requirements for next-generation high-performance electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials for catering to the demand for smart and wearable electronic devices.Although several efforts have focused on constructing porous and flexible conductive films or aerogels,few studies have achieved a balance in terms of density,thickness,flexibility,and EMI shielding effectiveness(SE).Herein,an ultrathin,lightweight,and flexible carbon nanotube(CNT)buckypaper enhanced using MXenes(Ti3C2Tx)for high-performance EMI shielding is synthesized through a facile electrophoretic deposition process.The obtained Ti3C2Tx@CNT hybrid buckypaper exhibits an outstanding EMI SE of 60.5 dB in the X-band at 100μm.The hybrid buckypaper with an MXene content of 49.4 wt%exhibits an EMI SE of 50.4 dB in the X-band with a thickness of only 15μm,which is 105%higher than that of pristine CNT buckypaper.Furthermore,an average specific SE value of 5.7×10^(4) dB cm^(2) g^(−1) is exhibited in the 5-μm hybrid buckypaper.Thus,this assembly process proves promising for the construction of ultrathin,flexible,and high-performance EMI shielding films for application in electronic devices and wireless communications.展开更多
Cells and organisms are targets of endogenous and exogenous genotoxic agents. Those hits induce different lesions of the DNA including single and double strand breaks, which in turn trigger the appropriate response. D...Cells and organisms are targets of endogenous and exogenous genotoxic agents. Those hits induce different lesions of the DNA including single and double strand breaks, which in turn trigger the appropriate response. Deficiencies in DNA damage response lead to deregulation of critical cellular processes such as proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis,展开更多
Background:Although overnight fasting is recommended prior to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),the benefits and safety of high-carbohydrate fluid diet(CFD)intake 2 h before ERCP remain unclear.This...Background:Although overnight fasting is recommended prior to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),the benefits and safety of high-carbohydrate fluid diet(CFD)intake 2 h before ERCP remain unclear.This study aimed to analyze whether high-CFD intake 2 h before ERCP can be safe and accelerate patients’recovery.Methods:This prospective,multicenter,randomized controlled trial involved 15 tertiary ERCP centers.A total of 1330 patients were randomized into CFD group(n=665)and fasting group(n=665).The CFD group received 400 mL of maltodextrin orally 2 h before ERCP,while the control group abstained from food/water overnight(>6 h)before ERCP.All ERCP procedures were performed using deep sedation with intravenous propofol.The investigators were blinded but not the patients.The primary outcomes included postoperative fatigue and abdominal pain score,and the secondary outcomes included complications and changes in metabolic indicators.The outcomes were analyzed according to a modified intention-to-treat principle.Results:The post-ERCP fatigue scores were significantly lower at 4 h(4.1±2.6 vs.4.8±2.8,t=4.23,P<0.001)and 20 h(2.4±2.1 vs.3.4±2.4,t=7.94,P<0.001)in the CFD group,with least-squares mean differences of 0.48(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.26-0.71,P<0.001)and 0.76(95%CI:0.57-0.95,P<0.001),respectively.The 4-h pain scores(2.1±1.7 vs.2.2±1.7,t=2.60,P=0.009,with a least-squares mean difference of 0.21[95%CI:0.05-0.37])and positive urine ketone levels(7.7%[39/509]vs.15.4%[82/533],χ^(2)=15.13,P<0.001)were lower in the CFD group.The CFD group had significantly less cholangitis(2.1%[13/634]vs.4.0%[26/658],χ^(2)=3.99,P=0.046)but not pancreatitis(5.5%[35/634]vs.6.5%[43/658],χ^(2)=0.59,P=0.444).Subgroup analysis revealed that CFD reduced the incidence of complications in patients with native papilla(odds ratio[OR]:0.61,95%CI:0.39-0.95,P=0.028)in the multivariable models.Conclusion:Ingesting 400 mL of CFD 2 h before ERCP is safe,with a reduction in post-ERCP fatigue,abdominal pain,and cholangitis during recovery.Trail Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov,No.NCT03075280.展开更多
Estimates of the surface heat budget over drifting ice and open water in the Arctic Ocean are made using eddy correlation and flux-profile methods using data obtained from drifting ice and from the R/V Xuelong in the ...Estimates of the surface heat budget over drifting ice and open water in the Arctic Ocean are made using eddy correlation and flux-profile methods using data obtained from drifting ice and from the R/V Xuelong in the Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition during August 19—24,1999. The results show that the net radiation received by the ice surface is mainly lost through the sensible heat flux and the heat flux due to melting ice, and the latent heat flux making small contribution to the heat balance. However, the heat balance of the open water surface was dominated by the radiative flux whereas the latent and sensible heat fluxes and the oceanic heat flux were greater than those on the sea-ice surface. These results emphasize that thermodynamic processes are quite different between air/open water and air/sea-ice over the Arctic Ocean which is important when considering the effect of sea-air-ice interaction on climate change process dur-ing the summer period.展开更多
We incorporated a superheated steam blanching pretreatment step into a paprika drying process and compared the far-infrared(FIR)drying rates,hardness of the sample surfaces,cell membrane stabilities,and energy consump...We incorporated a superheated steam blanching pretreatment step into a paprika drying process and compared the far-infrared(FIR)drying rates,hardness of the sample surfaces,cell membrane stabilities,and energy consumption of blanched and non-blanched paprika.The average drying rate of blanched paprika samples during FIR drying was higher than that of non-blanched samples.The hardness and cell membrane stability of dried blanched samples were lower than those of non-blanched samples.We estimated that the softening of the sample surfaces and injury to the cell membranes caused the drying rate to increase.The total energy consumption of the FIR drying of paprika was reduced by approximately 30%by introducing the blanching pretreatment.These findings contribute to the development of environmentally friendly FIR drying techniques for paprika.展开更多
Biobanks have emerged in the last two decades as foundational research infrastructures supporting scientific advancement.They are organized collections and providers of high-quality and research-ready biospecimens as ...Biobanks have emerged in the last two decades as foundational research infrastructures supporting scientific advancement.They are organized collections and providers of high-quality and research-ready biospecimens as they can authenticate,preserve,and offer independent access to biological materials,such as specimens and cultures of pathogenic microorganisms.In most cases,biospecimens will be standardized and prepared in multiple aliquots for long-term storage so that future researchers can use them as new technologies and knowledge evolve.展开更多
Dear Editor,Appendectomy is usually performed to treat acute appendicitis although it may also be conducted in the absence of appendicitis when patients suffer from chronic abdominal pain.Resection is also known to mi...Dear Editor,Appendectomy is usually performed to treat acute appendicitis although it may also be conducted in the absence of appendicitis when patients suffer from chronic abdominal pain.Resection is also known to mitigate the risk of ulcerative colitis[1],a risk factor for colorectal cancer.The impact of appendectomy on colorectal cancer risk,particularly in the long term,is unclear.The procedurewas initially hypothesized to increase colorectal cancer risk due to decreased immunocompetency.展开更多
基金Supported by An Institutional grant from Centro di Riferimento Oncologico Aviano for an intramural project"Agenti Infettivi e Tumori"to Carbone Aan Institutional grant from the Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Milano"Validation of a new algorithm for HPV status assessment in head and neck carcinoma"to Gloghini A
文摘The relationships between lymphomas and their microenvironment appear to follow 3 major patterns:(1)an independent pattern;(2)a dependent pattern on deregulated interactions;and(3)a dependent pattern on regulated coexistence.Typical examples of the third pattern are hepatitis C virus(HCV)-associated marginal zone lymphomas(MZLs)and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas.In these lymphomas,a regulated coexistence of the malignant cells and the microenvironmental factors usually occurs.At least initially,however,tumor development and cell growth largely depend on external signals from the microenvironment,such as viral antigens,cytokines,and cell-cell interactions.The association between HCV infection and B-cell lymphomas is not completely defined,although this association has been demonstrated by epidemiological studies.MZL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are the histotypes most frequently associated with HCV infection.Many mechanisms have been proposed for explaining HCV-induced lymphomagenesis;antigenic stimulation by HCV seems to be fundamental in establishing B-cell expansion as observed in mixed cryoglobulinemia and in B-cell lymphomas.Recently,antiviral treatment has been proved to be effective in the treatment of HCV-associated indolent lymphomas.Importantly,clinically responses were linked to the eradication of the HCV-RNA,providing a strong argument in favor of a causative link between HCV and lymphoproliferation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52072415,52072306 and 51772335)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(201904010450)Science Foundation of the National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments(6142905192509).
文摘Lightweight,flexibility,and low thickness are urgent requirements for next-generation high-performance electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials for catering to the demand for smart and wearable electronic devices.Although several efforts have focused on constructing porous and flexible conductive films or aerogels,few studies have achieved a balance in terms of density,thickness,flexibility,and EMI shielding effectiveness(SE).Herein,an ultrathin,lightweight,and flexible carbon nanotube(CNT)buckypaper enhanced using MXenes(Ti3C2Tx)for high-performance EMI shielding is synthesized through a facile electrophoretic deposition process.The obtained Ti3C2Tx@CNT hybrid buckypaper exhibits an outstanding EMI SE of 60.5 dB in the X-band at 100μm.The hybrid buckypaper with an MXene content of 49.4 wt%exhibits an EMI SE of 50.4 dB in the X-band with a thickness of only 15μm,which is 105%higher than that of pristine CNT buckypaper.Furthermore,an average specific SE value of 5.7×10^(4) dB cm^(2) g^(−1) is exhibited in the 5-μm hybrid buckypaper.Thus,this assembly process proves promising for the construction of ultrathin,flexible,and high-performance EMI shielding films for application in electronic devices and wireless communications.
文摘Cells and organisms are targets of endogenous and exogenous genotoxic agents. Those hits induce different lesions of the DNA including single and double strand breaks, which in turn trigger the appropriate response. Deficiencies in DNA damage response lead to deregulation of critical cellular processes such as proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis,
文摘Background:Although overnight fasting is recommended prior to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),the benefits and safety of high-carbohydrate fluid diet(CFD)intake 2 h before ERCP remain unclear.This study aimed to analyze whether high-CFD intake 2 h before ERCP can be safe and accelerate patients’recovery.Methods:This prospective,multicenter,randomized controlled trial involved 15 tertiary ERCP centers.A total of 1330 patients were randomized into CFD group(n=665)and fasting group(n=665).The CFD group received 400 mL of maltodextrin orally 2 h before ERCP,while the control group abstained from food/water overnight(>6 h)before ERCP.All ERCP procedures were performed using deep sedation with intravenous propofol.The investigators were blinded but not the patients.The primary outcomes included postoperative fatigue and abdominal pain score,and the secondary outcomes included complications and changes in metabolic indicators.The outcomes were analyzed according to a modified intention-to-treat principle.Results:The post-ERCP fatigue scores were significantly lower at 4 h(4.1±2.6 vs.4.8±2.8,t=4.23,P<0.001)and 20 h(2.4±2.1 vs.3.4±2.4,t=7.94,P<0.001)in the CFD group,with least-squares mean differences of 0.48(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.26-0.71,P<0.001)and 0.76(95%CI:0.57-0.95,P<0.001),respectively.The 4-h pain scores(2.1±1.7 vs.2.2±1.7,t=2.60,P=0.009,with a least-squares mean difference of 0.21[95%CI:0.05-0.37])and positive urine ketone levels(7.7%[39/509]vs.15.4%[82/533],χ^(2)=15.13,P<0.001)were lower in the CFD group.The CFD group had significantly less cholangitis(2.1%[13/634]vs.4.0%[26/658],χ^(2)=3.99,P=0.046)but not pancreatitis(5.5%[35/634]vs.6.5%[43/658],χ^(2)=0.59,P=0.444).Subgroup analysis revealed that CFD reduced the incidence of complications in patients with native papilla(odds ratio[OR]:0.61,95%CI:0.39-0.95,P=0.028)in the multivariable models.Conclusion:Ingesting 400 mL of CFD 2 h before ERCP is safe,with a reduction in post-ERCP fatigue,abdominal pain,and cholangitis during recovery.Trail Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov,No.NCT03075280.
基金This study was supported primarily by grants of Chinese National Arctic Scientific Program and IARC/Frontier Fairbanks +1 种基金USA and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49975006)
文摘Estimates of the surface heat budget over drifting ice and open water in the Arctic Ocean are made using eddy correlation and flux-profile methods using data obtained from drifting ice and from the R/V Xuelong in the Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition during August 19—24,1999. The results show that the net radiation received by the ice surface is mainly lost through the sensible heat flux and the heat flux due to melting ice, and the latent heat flux making small contribution to the heat balance. However, the heat balance of the open water surface was dominated by the radiative flux whereas the latent and sensible heat fluxes and the oceanic heat flux were greater than those on the sea-ice surface. These results emphasize that thermodynamic processes are quite different between air/open water and air/sea-ice over the Arctic Ocean which is important when considering the effect of sea-air-ice interaction on climate change process dur-ing the summer period.
基金JSPS KAKENHI,grant number JP16H05001[Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B)]JP17K08015[Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)]。
文摘We incorporated a superheated steam blanching pretreatment step into a paprika drying process and compared the far-infrared(FIR)drying rates,hardness of the sample surfaces,cell membrane stabilities,and energy consumption of blanched and non-blanched paprika.The average drying rate of blanched paprika samples during FIR drying was higher than that of non-blanched samples.The hardness and cell membrane stability of dried blanched samples were lower than those of non-blanched samples.We estimated that the softening of the sample surfaces and injury to the cell membranes caused the drying rate to increase.The total energy consumption of the FIR drying of paprika was reduced by approximately 30%by introducing the blanching pretreatment.These findings contribute to the development of environmentally friendly FIR drying techniques for paprika.
文摘Biobanks have emerged in the last two decades as foundational research infrastructures supporting scientific advancement.They are organized collections and providers of high-quality and research-ready biospecimens as they can authenticate,preserve,and offer independent access to biological materials,such as specimens and cultures of pathogenic microorganisms.In most cases,biospecimens will be standardized and prepared in multiple aliquots for long-term storage so that future researchers can use them as new technologies and knowledge evolve.
基金The French E3N cohort is maintained with the support of the Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale(MGEN),Gustave Roussy and the French League against Cancer(LNCC).E3N-E4N is also supported by the French National Research Agency(ANR)under the Investment for the future Program(PIA)(ANR-10-COHO-0006)by the French Ministry of Higher Education,Research and Innovation(subsidy#2102918823).
文摘Dear Editor,Appendectomy is usually performed to treat acute appendicitis although it may also be conducted in the absence of appendicitis when patients suffer from chronic abdominal pain.Resection is also known to mitigate the risk of ulcerative colitis[1],a risk factor for colorectal cancer.The impact of appendectomy on colorectal cancer risk,particularly in the long term,is unclear.The procedurewas initially hypothesized to increase colorectal cancer risk due to decreased immunocompetency.
