Vibration-assisted vat photopolymerization for pixelated-aliasing-free surface fabrication

Mask image projection-based vat photopolymerization(MIP-VPP)offers advantages like low cost,high resolution,and a wide material range,making it popular in industry and education.Recently,MIP-VPP employing liquid crystal displays(LCDs)has gained traction,increasingly replacing digital micromirror devices,particularly among hobbyists and in educational settings,and is now beginning to be used in industrial environments.However,LCD-based MIP-VPPsuffers from pronounced pixelated aliasing arising from LCD’s discrete image pixels and itsdirect-contact configuration in MIP-VPP machines,leading to rough surfaces on the 3D-printed parts.Here,we propose a vibration-assisted MIP-VPP method that utilizes a microscalevibration to uniformize the light intensity distribution of the LCD-based mask image on VPP’s building platform.By maintaining the same fabrication speed,our technique generates asmoother,non-pixelated mask image,reducing the roughness on flat surfaces and boundary segments of 3D-printed parts.Through light intensity modeling and simulation,we derived an optimal vibration pattern for LCD mask images,subsequently validated by experiments.We assessed the surface texture,boundary integrity,and dimensional accuracy of componentsproduced using the vibration-assisted approach.The notably smoother surfaces and improved boundary roughness enhance the printing quality of MIP-VPP,enabling its promisingapplications in sectors like the production of 3D-printed optical devices and others.

Catalpol Prevents Glomerular Angiogenesis Induced by Advanced Glycation End Products via Inhibiting Galectin-3

Objective:The main characteristics of diabetic nephropathy(DN)at the early stage are abnormal angiogenesis of glomerular endothelial cells(GECs)and macrophage infiltration.Galectin-3 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of DN via binding with its ligand,advanced glycation end products(AGEs).Catalpol,an iridoid glucoside extracted from Rehmannia glutinosa,has been found to ameliorate vascular inflammation,reduce endothelial permeability,and protect against endothelial damage in diabetic milieu.However,little is known about whether catalpol could exert an anti-angiogenesis and anti-inflammation effect induced by AGEs.Methods:Mouse GECs(mGECs)and RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with different concentrations of AGEs(0,50,100,200 and 400μg/mL)for different time(0,6,12,24 and 48 h)to determine the optimal concentration of AGEs and treatment time.Cells were treated with catalpol(10μmol/L),GB1107(1μmol/L,galectin-3 inhibitor),PX-478(50μmol/L,HIF-1αinhibitor),adenovirus-green fluorescent protein(Ad-GFP)[3×10^(7)plaque-forming unit(PFU)/mL]or Ad-galectin-3-GFP(2×10^(8)PFU/mL),which was followed by incubation with 50μg/mL AGEs.The levels of galectin-3,vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)and pro-angiogenic factors angiopoietin-1(Ang-1),angiopoietin-2(Ang-2),tunica interna endothelial cell kinase-2(Tie-2)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of these cells.The expression levels of galectin-3,vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1(VEGFR1),VEGFR2,and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)in mGECs and those of galectin-3 and HIF-1αin RAW 264.7 macrophages were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence(IF)staining.The rat DN model was established.Catalpol(100 mg/kg)or GB1107(10 mg/kg)was administered intragastrically once a day for 12 weeks.Ad-galectin-3-GFP(6×10^(7)PFU/mL,0.5 mL)or Ad-GFP(6×10^(6)PFU/mL,0.5 mL)was injected into the tail vein of rats 48 h before the sacrifice of the animals.The expression of galectin-3,VEGFR1,.VEGFR2,and HIF-1αin renal cortices was analyzed by Western blotting.The expression of galectin-3,F4/80(a macrophage biomarker),and CD34(an endothelium biomarker)in renal cortices was detected by IF staining,and collagen accumulation by Masson staining.Results:The expression levels of galectin-3 and VEGFA were significantly higher in mGECs and RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with 50μg/mL AGEs for 48 h than those in untreated cells.Catalpol and GB1107 could block the AGEs-induced proliferation of mGECs and RAW 264.7 macrophages.Over-expression of galectin-3 was found to reduce the inhibitory effect of catalpol on the proliferation of cells.Catalpol could significantly decrease the levels of Ang-1,Ang-2 and Tie-2 released by AGEs-treated mGECs,which could be reversed by over-expression of galectin-3.Catalpol could significantly inhibit AGEs-induced expression of galectin-3,HIF-1α,VEGFR1,and VEGFR2 in mGECs.The inhibitory effect of catalpol on galectin-3 in AGEs-treated mGECs was impaired by PX-478.Moreover,catalpol attenuated the AGEs-activated HIF-1α/galectin-3 pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages,which was weakened by PX-478.Additionally,catalpol significantly inhibited the expression of galectin-3,macrophage infiltration,collagen accumulation,and angiogenesis in the kidney of diabetic rats.Over-expression of galectin-3 could antagonize these inhibitory effects of catalpol.Conclusion:Catalpol prevented the angiogenesis of mGECs and macrophage proliferation via inhibiting galectin-3.It could prevent the progression of diabetes-induced renal damage.

Semaglutide’s Trail of Success in Weight Loss Management and HbA1c Reduction: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Obesity is a preventable health condition, yet it remains a complex relapsing global health conundrum, triggering an array of comorbidities, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and mental health decline. This review intends to highlight the success of semaglutide for its therapeutic intervention for weight loss management in diabetics and non-diabetics and HbA1c reduction in type 2 diabetics. Methods: We searched and systematically reviewed the literature from within the past ten years on semaglutide utilization for weight loss and HbA1c reduction. Databases investigated included PMC, JAMA, Nature Medicine, and The Lancet, resulting in four original research articles that were systematically reviewed. Web consultations with WHO, CDC, and Healthy People 2030 were conducted to ascertain epidemiological obesity and diabetes data. AAFP and USPSTF references were included for obesity management and preventive care guidelines. Results: Based on results from systematically reviewing four original research studies, semaglutide can effectively reduce elevated weight and HbA1c, using the once-weekly subcutaneous injection formulation. A composite average percent weight loss of 8.27% (16 - 20 pounds) and an average HbA1c percent reduction rate of 1.07% (3 - 4 points) were attained. There were no major adverse events reported from any of the four original research studies related to the drug. Discussion: With evidence from several studies after its FDA approval, semaglutide delivers a promise for weight loss management and HbA1c reduction for appropriate patient populations. Clinician and patient education on its proper use should be continuously revisited.

非相似余度作动系统设计及工作模式分析

非相似余度配置方式可省去中央液压源并有效克服共性故障,成为多电飞机的发展趋势.利用机械特性匹配的方法对变转速电动静液作动器和直驱式机电作动器组成的非相似余度系统进行总体设计.考虑舵面空气负载和连接刚度建立总体数学模型,对3种典型工作模式进行理论分析和仿真对比,再现带载情况下这3种工作模式的切换瞬态.同时提出电机电流内环零值控制的无载工作模式,控制器结构简单并且切换可靠迅速.分析结果对非相似作动系统的设计、工作模式和故障切换方法提供了理论依据.

第四届国际颅内动脉粥样硬化及狭窄会议征稿通知

第四届国际颅内动脉粥样硬化及狭窄会议(4th International Conference on Intracranial Atherosclerosis,ICAS2009)将于2009年6月17～19日在北京举行。

国际制图协会(ICA)第21届国际制图研讨会和第12届代表大会

国际制图协会(International Cartographic Association,简称ICA,亦译国际地图学协会)是世界地图制图学界权威的学术组织,其宗旨是促进国际间地图制图学的发展,加强国际间技术合作和技术交流。它的任务是推进地图制图学的研究,鼓励和协调这一领域的科研活动,包括国际间的协作、技术和文献的交流,促进地图制图学教育的发展,推动地图制图学的科普工作,组织地图制图学的国际学术讨论会、讲座、培训和技术展览会等,并参加其他国际学术组织的有关会议和活动。中国测绘学会于1980年加入了ICA,现为四级会员。中国积极参加并主办ICA的各项活动,在ICA中发挥了积极的作用与影响。武汉大学胡毓钜先生曾担任两届ICA副主席、国家基础地理信息中心李莉女士于1999年当选为ICA副主席。国家测绘局和中国测绘学会2001年8月在北京成功举办第20届国际制图大会,在国际制图界造成了空前的影响。

Obesity, Body Fat Distribution, and Physical Activity in School-age Children: an Urban and Rural Comparison in Valparaíso, Chile

This study analyze the relation between body composition, physical activity （PA）, and sex in Chilean children from rural and urban public educational institutions. The prevalence of obesity （according to BMI） was 30.88% in urban children and 28.93% in rural children. Central obesity presented mainly in the rural girls. Approximately 90% of the participants reported 〈7 h of PA/week, regardless of residential area. In addition, central fat was strongly associated with rural residence; the children reported lower PA levels, and they presented a higher prevalence of central fat. The results reflect the need to implement programs to improve PA conditions in the child urban-rural population.

迈向世纪性的权势转移--中美关系的新型政策路径

中美两国在经历一场具有世纪性意义的经济权势转移的同时,各自都通过在亚洲建立各种联盟和加入贸易集团而实施着自身的再平衡战略。但不同的历史传统、经济发展轨迹和战略目标使得中美这两个大国在亚洲的再平衡方式截然不同:美国加强了与日本和澳大利亚的合作,而中国继续深化国内改革并在东南亚和南亚实施再平衡战略。需要指出的是,对新型"欧亚挑战者"的担忧已经过时。尽管中美都试图在亚洲建立有利于自身的贸易和投资集团,但建构新型大国关系在中国和美国都既有其国内动力,也有其国际动力。中美两国的政策方法表面上看是相互排斥的,美国政策大致是归纳式的,而中国的政策则总体是演绎式的,但两者在某些领域的确存在交集。为了务实地发展两国关系,中美必须学会在某些领域携手合作,虽然在另外一些领域可能是竞争对手,中美新型"大国关系"的建构需要创新、务实、有力的政策路径。

借鉴过去,规划未来:媒介史对数字平台的启示

在这篇文章中,我从媒介史中汲取了与数字时代相关的教训。本文重点关注了技术作为社会变革驱动力所具有的重要意义,并引出了马歇尔·麦克卢汉和雷蒙·威廉斯关于技术与社会的争论以及互联网和网络社会理论。我将这些争辩中的见解应用到了当前与数字平台有关的三个问题上:虚假信息和"假新闻"的问题,新闻业的信任问题,以及数字平台的社会责任。

表面活性剂对新型纺织品的作用

溶胶凝胶和等离子体处理技术用于开发织物的3项新性能或改良性能:低透明度、高上染率及高疏水性纺织品。通过评估表面活性剂对这三种新型纺织品的作用,发现现有洗涤配方,尤其是护色专用洗涤剂,可维持织物不透明性,并改善了最初未处理织物的白度。然而现有洗涤剂并不能很好维持织物的紫外吸收值。另一方面,护色专用洗涤剂保留了等离子体预处理织物的原始染色牢度。结果表明:获得疏水性纳米涂层的等离子操作条件比洗涤过程中洗涤剂的使用种类更为关键。洗涤剂配方中氧化剂、pH值、聚集态、不溶性物质以及染料迁移抑制剂的组成比例需优化,以最大限度降低纤维损伤并维持织物性能。

时间和我

我总是感到时间不够。可能因为女人的中年危机要来得更早一些。30岁之前,人生的一条线索是考研、留学、找工作,一条线索是恋爱、结婚、生孩子——既怕入错行,又怕嫁错郎。恨不得要赶在而立之年前把一辈子的大事都定下来,方才可以长舒一口气。前一段,有感于时光流逝,我在微博上写下一条状态——＂智慧处在减速之中,必须快速做事＂。

Spatiotemporal patterns of burned areas,fire drivers,and fire probability across the equatorial Andes

Field-based fire studies in the equatorial Andes indicate that fires are strongly associated with biophysical and anthropogenic variables.However,fire controls and fire regimes at the regional scale remain undocumented.Therefore,this paper describes spatial and temporal burned-area patterns,identifies biophysical and anthropogenic fire drivers,and quantifies fire probability across 6°of latitude and 3°of longitude in the equatorial Andes.The spatial and temporal burned-area analysis was carried out based on 18 years(2001-2018)of the MCD64 A1 MODIS burned-area product.Climate,topography,vegetation,and anthropogenic variables were integrated in a logistic regression model to identify the significance of explanatory variables and determine fire occurrence probability.A total of 5779 fire events were registered during the 18 years of this study,located primarily along the western cordillera of the Andes and spreading from North to South.Eighty-eight percent of these fires took place within two fire hotspots located in the northwestern and southwestern corners of the study area.Ninety-nine percent occurred during the second part of the year,between June and December.The largest density of fires was primarily located on herbaceous vegetation and shrublands.Results show that mean monthly temperature,precipitation and NDVI during the prefire season,the location of land cover classes such as forest and agriculture,distance to roads and urban areas,slope,and aspect were the most important determinants of spatial and temporal fire distribution.The logistic regression model achieved a good accuracy in predicting fire probability(80%).Probability was higher in the southwestern and northern corners of the study area,and lower towards the north in the western and eastern piedmonts of the Andes.This analysis contributes to the understanding of fires in mountains within the tropics.The results here presented have the potential to contribute to fire management and control in the region.

多瑙河畔的盛会——简记十四届国际地图学术讨论会

1989年8月17日至24日,在匈牙利首都布达佩斯VIGADO音乐厅举行了国际地图学协会(ICA)第14届地图学术讨论会。来自世界各国的地图学工作者合计有700余人,其中来自中国的教授、专家、工程师并包括在西德学习的中国留学生3人共有近30人,这是我国第一次向ICA学术讨论会派出的大型代表团。

Atomic-scale simulations of material behaviors and tribology properties for BCC metal film

This work has two main purposes： （i） introducing the basic concepts of molecular dynamics analysis to material scientists and engineers, and （ii） providing a better understanding of instrumented indentation measurements, presenting an example of nanoindentation and scratch test simulations. To reach these purposes, three-dimensional molecular dynamics （MD） simulations of nanoindentation and scratch test technique were carried out for generic thin films that present BCC crystalline structures. Structures were oriented in the plane （100） and placed on FCC diamond substrates. A pair wise potential was employed to simulate the interaction between atoms of each layer and a repulsive radial potential was used to represent a spherical tip indenting the sample. Mechanical properties of this generic material were obtained by varying the indentation depth and dissociation energy. The load-unload curves and coefficient of friction were found for each test; on the other hand, dissociation energy was varied showing a better mechanical response for films that present grater dissociation energy. Structural change evolution was observed presenting vacancies and slips as the depth was varied.

Identification of Phenolic Compounds from K.ivorensis by Selected Chromatographic and Spectrometric Techniques

A complementary approach using Liquid Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric analysis was proposed to characterize phenolic compounds from the methanol-water extracts of K.ivorensis A.Chev.Two High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)complementary methods were used for the determination of phenolic compounds from the bark,sapwood and heartwood of K.ivorensis.Methods employed involved direct analysis after filtration at 0.20μm,using a RP C18 column and UV-VIS/ESI-FTMS detection.The methods used were different by their elution gradient and allowed analyzing the chemical composition of three parts of African mahogany extracts.In this study,22 phenolic compounds and derivatives from K.ivorensis were separated,determined or tentatively characterized for the first time based on their methanol/water/formic acid extract mass spectra.The difference of gradients eluted various compounds,8 were obtained with the first method and 14 with the second one.The main products were hydroxybenzoic acid and derivatives,resorcinol,esterified compounds,mannitol,quercetin and derivatives,dihydroxyflavan,and trihydroxyflavan.

Diagnosis and management of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors:A state-of-the-art

This review provides an update on the epidemiology,pathophysiology,symptoms,diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)of the small bowel(SB).These NENs are defined as a group of neoplasms deriving from neuroendocrine cells.NENs are currently the most common primary tumors of the SB,mainly involving the ileum,making the SB the most frequently affected part of the gastrointestinal tract.SB NENs by definition are located between the ligament of Treitz and the ileocecal valve.They are characterized by small size and induce an extensive fibrotic reaction in the small intestine including the mesentery,resulting in narrowing or twisting of the intestine.Clinical manifestations of bowel functionality are related to the precise location of the primary tumor.The majority of them are non-functional NENs and generally asymptomatic;in an advanced stage,NENs present symptoms of mass effect by non-specific abdominal pain or carcinoid syndrome which appears in patients with liver metastasis(around 10%).The main manifestations of the carcinoid syndrome are facial flushing(94%),diarrhea(78%),abdominal cramps(50%),heart valve disease(50%),telangiectasia(25%),wheezing(15%)and edema(19%).Diagnosis is made by imaging or biochemical tests,and the order of request will depend on the initial diagnostic hypothesis,while confirmation will always be histological.All patients with a localized SB NEN with or without near metastasis in the mesentery are recommended for curative resection.Locoregional and distant spread may be susceptible to several therapeutic strategies,such as chemotherapy,somatostatin analogs and palliative resection.

Formation of MEVEZUG Pure Ovino Reproducers in Tierra Caliente Guerrero,Mexico

The objective of the present work was to obtain pure ovine reproducers.Starting 2010 work began with the sheep herd of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero,located in the municipality of Pungarabato,Guerrero State,México.The faculty is 250 meters above sea level.The climate of the region is warm subhumid,with average temperature between 24 and 30°C,but in the heat season maximum temperatures up to 46°down in the shade.The rainfall regimen is 800-1,200 mm of rainfall per year.The production of sheep in Mexico is characterized mainly by creole animals and crosses are made with pure breeds imported from several European countries and USA.Therefore,there is a need to form local breeds adapted to the climatic conditions and production systems of Mexico.The sheep herd initially had 100 animal of hair,with 70 sheep with their lambs and a reproducer.These animals had phenotype Pelibuey,Black Belly,Doper and Katahdin.As of May 2010,consanguineous crosses were established.During this period the parameters were registered:date and type of birth,weight and sex of the newborn.Data on BW(Birth Weight)of males and females were analyzed by ANOVA(Analysis of Variance)and multiple comparison test was used for the comparison of means(Duncan,1955),with a significance level of P<0.05.The first reproducer was brown tobacco and had antlers,and the females had different phenotypes.Up to the present time,there are twenty studs with their respective descendants,and year 2019 the herd has 100 animals light brown and tobacco with their lambs(30),and a reproducer.The sheep are of medium size with 45 and 60 kg of average weight in females and male,respectively.Out of a total of 326 females and 335 males born,with an average weight of 2.62 kg at birth and a proliferative index of 1.41,20 MEVEZUG males were selected to be used as reproducers in 20 herds distributed in different sheep production units of the state of Guerrero.From the crosses of these breeders to the females of these herds,F1 animals(MEVEZUG×Criollo)are obtained.The sheep of different color to light brown or tobacco are discarded for the supply;the males are fed for the fodder in native meadows with irrigation with 95.17±19.45 g of daily gain of weight.In 2016,the trademark MEVEZUG was registered.It is concluded that to date the color of the breed has been fixed in females and males,which is light brown and tobacco brown,the registered productive indexes are acceptable and work will be continued to improve size and productive indexes,through selection of the best sheep.

The flowerpiercers interactions with a community of high Andean plants

Background:Flowerpiercers(Diglossa)are traditionally considered as“parasites”of the pollination processes,as they can access the nectar without entering in contact with the reproductive structures of the plants.Nevertheless,the effect of flowerpiercers seems to vary according to their behavior and the flower’s traits.So,in this work,we aimed to explore the floral characteristics that may determine the susceptibility to robbing and pollen transport by flowerpierc-ers.Also,we identified the potential types of interactions and studied interaction network properties.Methods:We collected the information of 16 ornithophilic plants regarding their floral traits and robbing frequency.Also,we captured 4 species of flowerpiercers and evaluated pollen transport(frequency and loads).We tested the correlation between floral traits,robbing frequency,and pollen transportation.Later,we used these variables in a cluster and principal component analyses to identify the potential types of interactions.Finally,we analyzed and com-pared the structure of the plants-flowerpiercers interaction network.Results:Nectar production significantly influenced both nectar robbing and pollen transportation.While the corolla length was only correlated to the robbing susceptibility.Also,we found that particular flowerpiercers species trans-ported higher loads of some plant pollen,which can be related to the differences in behavior and morphometric traits.We proposed the classification of five different types of plant-flowerpiercer interactions,that showed differ-ent potential mutualist or antagonist relations based on the affectation of nectar robbing and the service of pollen transportation.The interaction networks consisted of 49 links,with 2.4 links per species,and presented indicators of a medium to high resilience,stability,and resistance(nestedness,connectance,and robustness).Also,the network presented medium to low specialization and substantial niche overlap.Conclusions:The ecological role of the flowerpiercers goes beyond its classic assignation as“parasites”as they can actively transport pollen of several Andean plants,affecting its evolutionary history and the stability of the systems.