AIM: To determine whether online diffusion of the "Ten Warning Signs of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases(PID)'' adheres to accepted scientific standards.METHODS: We analyzed how reproducible is online di...AIM: To determine whether online diffusion of the "Ten Warning Signs of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases(PID)'' adheres to accepted scientific standards.METHODS: We analyzed how reproducible is online diffusion of a unique instrument, the "Ten Warning Signs of PID", created by the Jeffrey Modell Foundation(JMF),by Google-assisted searches among highly visited sites from professional, academic and scientific organizations;governmental agencies; and patient support/advocacy organizations. We examined the diffusion, consistency of use and adequate referencing of this instrument.Where applicable, variant versions of the instrument were examined for changes in factual content that would have practical impact on physicians or on patients and their families.RESULTS: Among the first 100 sites identified by Google search, 85 faithfully reproduced the JMF model, and correctly referenced to its source. By contrast, the other15 also referenced the JMF source but presented one or more changes in content relative to their purported model and therefore represent uncontrolled variants, of unknown origin. Discrepancies identified in the latter included changes in factual content of the original JMF list(C), as well as removal(R) and introduction(I) of novel signs(Table 2), all made without reference to any scientific publications that might account for the drastic changes in factual content. Factual changes include changes inthe number of infectious episodes considered necessary to raise suspicion of PID, as well as the inclusion of various medical conditions not mentioned in the original.Together, these changes will affect the way physicians use the instrument to consult or to inform patients,and the way patients and families think about the need for specialist consultation in view of a possible PID diagnosis.CONCLUSION: The retrieved adaptations and variants,which significantly depart from the original instrument,raise concerns about standards for scientific information provided online to physicians, patients and families.展开更多
本文介绍了采用无格点Kinetic Monte Carlo(KMC)方法,模拟TiN薄膜在TiN(001)基底表面上外延生长的仿真结果。在此无格点KMC方法中,使用了Dimer算法在势能面中搜索鞍点和低能盆底。仿真的结果证实,此无格点KMC方法对于仿真二元薄膜外延...本文介绍了采用无格点Kinetic Monte Carlo(KMC)方法,模拟TiN薄膜在TiN(001)基底表面上外延生长的仿真结果。在此无格点KMC方法中,使用了Dimer算法在势能面中搜索鞍点和低能盆底。仿真的结果证实,此无格点KMC方法对于仿真二元薄膜外延生长是有效的。本文中还讨论了无格点KMC的计算量问题、运算过程中Dimer的初始位置问题和势能面中浅盆底问题。展开更多
In order to identify potential wood substitutes for the production of energy by gasification, binary blends （wood/miscanthus, miscanthus/straw and wood/straw） and ternary blends （wood, miscanthus and organic residu...In order to identify potential wood substitutes for the production of energy by gasification, binary blends （wood/miscanthus, miscanthus/straw and wood/straw） and ternary blends （wood, miscanthus and organic residue） were systematic tested in a laboratory bubbling fluidized bed gasification system. The results of experiments were compared with results of wood gasification. Of the binary blends, wood and miscanthus exhibited great potential as a wood substitute in fluidized bed gasification in terms of process stability and product gas quality. Adding 10 wt. % of organic residues to form ternary blends further improved the product gas quality. Gasification of fuels blended with straw tended to agglomerate in the fluidized bed because of straw＇s low ash melting temperature. This can be counteracted by adding Ca（OH）2 to fuels. Nonetheless, fuels blended with straw with higher percentages of Ca（OH）2 need further study to establish the optimal additive ratio.展开更多
The increase in chronic diseases in childhood highlights the need for a biopsychosocial approach to deal with the complexity of these health conditions. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and...The increase in chronic diseases in childhood highlights the need for a biopsychosocial approach to deal with the complexity of these health conditions. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) results from the need to implement new explanatory evaluative and therapeutic models. Thus, the present systematic review aims to identify published studies on the use of the ICF in chronic childhood diseases. As a secondary objective, to map the themes that have already been studied in the area to support the discussion on the expansion of the use of this classification in health services. The systematic review followed the PRISMA protocol, and the model was the PICO acronym, where Population was children and adolescents with chronic diseases, Intervention/Exposure was evaluation based on ICF concepts, Comparator was any tool, instrument, or intervention, and outcome was direct or indirect use of the ICF. We selected eight articles, five of which used the ICF as a conceptual tool and three as a classification system, divided into the following themes: quality of life, evaluation of patients (without using coding) and mapping the inclusion of the activity’s results and participation in clinical trials. Thus, use of the ICF in clinical practice is still incipient, although it has been recommended in guidelines. Further studies are necessary to expand the number of contributions by the ICF and to develop the necessary approaches for understanding the classification’s use.展开更多
文摘AIM: To determine whether online diffusion of the "Ten Warning Signs of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases(PID)'' adheres to accepted scientific standards.METHODS: We analyzed how reproducible is online diffusion of a unique instrument, the "Ten Warning Signs of PID", created by the Jeffrey Modell Foundation(JMF),by Google-assisted searches among highly visited sites from professional, academic and scientific organizations;governmental agencies; and patient support/advocacy organizations. We examined the diffusion, consistency of use and adequate referencing of this instrument.Where applicable, variant versions of the instrument were examined for changes in factual content that would have practical impact on physicians or on patients and their families.RESULTS: Among the first 100 sites identified by Google search, 85 faithfully reproduced the JMF model, and correctly referenced to its source. By contrast, the other15 also referenced the JMF source but presented one or more changes in content relative to their purported model and therefore represent uncontrolled variants, of unknown origin. Discrepancies identified in the latter included changes in factual content of the original JMF list(C), as well as removal(R) and introduction(I) of novel signs(Table 2), all made without reference to any scientific publications that might account for the drastic changes in factual content. Factual changes include changes inthe number of infectious episodes considered necessary to raise suspicion of PID, as well as the inclusion of various medical conditions not mentioned in the original.Together, these changes will affect the way physicians use the instrument to consult or to inform patients,and the way patients and families think about the need for specialist consultation in view of a possible PID diagnosis.CONCLUSION: The retrieved adaptations and variants,which significantly depart from the original instrument,raise concerns about standards for scientific information provided online to physicians, patients and families.
文摘本文介绍了采用无格点Kinetic Monte Carlo(KMC)方法,模拟TiN薄膜在TiN(001)基底表面上外延生长的仿真结果。在此无格点KMC方法中,使用了Dimer算法在势能面中搜索鞍点和低能盆底。仿真的结果证实,此无格点KMC方法对于仿真二元薄膜外延生长是有效的。本文中还讨论了无格点KMC的计算量问题、运算过程中Dimer的初始位置问题和势能面中浅盆底问题。
文摘In order to identify potential wood substitutes for the production of energy by gasification, binary blends （wood/miscanthus, miscanthus/straw and wood/straw） and ternary blends （wood, miscanthus and organic residue） were systematic tested in a laboratory bubbling fluidized bed gasification system. The results of experiments were compared with results of wood gasification. Of the binary blends, wood and miscanthus exhibited great potential as a wood substitute in fluidized bed gasification in terms of process stability and product gas quality. Adding 10 wt. % of organic residues to form ternary blends further improved the product gas quality. Gasification of fuels blended with straw tended to agglomerate in the fluidized bed because of straw＇s low ash melting temperature. This can be counteracted by adding Ca（OH）2 to fuels. Nonetheless, fuels blended with straw with higher percentages of Ca（OH）2 need further study to establish the optimal additive ratio.
文摘The increase in chronic diseases in childhood highlights the need for a biopsychosocial approach to deal with the complexity of these health conditions. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) results from the need to implement new explanatory evaluative and therapeutic models. Thus, the present systematic review aims to identify published studies on the use of the ICF in chronic childhood diseases. As a secondary objective, to map the themes that have already been studied in the area to support the discussion on the expansion of the use of this classification in health services. The systematic review followed the PRISMA protocol, and the model was the PICO acronym, where Population was children and adolescents with chronic diseases, Intervention/Exposure was evaluation based on ICF concepts, Comparator was any tool, instrument, or intervention, and outcome was direct or indirect use of the ICF. We selected eight articles, five of which used the ICF as a conceptual tool and three as a classification system, divided into the following themes: quality of life, evaluation of patients (without using coding) and mapping the inclusion of the activity’s results and participation in clinical trials. Thus, use of the ICF in clinical practice is still incipient, although it has been recommended in guidelines. Further studies are necessary to expand the number of contributions by the ICF and to develop the necessary approaches for understanding the classification’s use.
