The purpose of the study was to explore the factors mediating college students＇ radicalization. A sample of 1,116 students was drawn from four different Jordanian universities. The construct validity of the scale was...The purpose of the study was to explore the factors mediating college students＇ radicalization. A sample of 1,116 students was drawn from four different Jordanian universities. The construct validity of the scale was estimated by calculating the correlation between the radicalization items and the negative emotion items. A positive significant relationship was found （0.12, a = 0.000）, a sign of validity of the scale. The scale reliability was also strong and was estimated at 0.90 using Cronbach Alpha. Factor analysis produced five factors explaining 45% of the total variance of radicalization. The first factor labeled ＂political radicalization＂ explained 18.5% of the variance, the second factor ＂religious radicalization＂ explained 12.7%, the third factor ＂violent radicalization＂ explained 6.4% of the variance, the fourth ＂group radicalization＂ accounted for 4%, and the fifth factor ＂social radicalization＂ only accounted for 3% of the total variance. Significant differences in student radicalization were found according to the geographical region of the university （North, Center and South）, F = 14, a = 0.000. However, no significant differences were found in radicalization as it relates to gender, and type of college （i.e., Humanities vs. Pure Sciences）.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of macro social factors （states, religion, region, Arab spring, terrorism, unrest （Shoe index）, democracy, corruption （GPI）, Human development （HDI）, low self...The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of macro social factors （states, religion, region, Arab spring, terrorism, unrest （Shoe index）, democracy, corruption （GPI）, Human development （HDI）, low self-control, life stress events （LSE）, youth unemployment, religiosity, feeling （fear and anger）, youth unemployment and total unemployment） on Arab youth＇s radicalization. A sample of 6,730 Arab youth age 15-24 years was selected from Kuwait, UAE, KSA, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Jordan, Tunisia, Libya, Morocco, Lebanon, Egypt, Gaza and Palestine and Syrian refuges in Jordan. A questionnaire of 43 items to measure radicalization was developed based on the literature review. A construct validity of the scale was estimated by calculating the correlation between radicalization scale and Low self-control scale and found a positive significant relationship （0.680, a = 0.000）, a sign of validity of the scale. A Reliability of the scale is strong and was estimated by Cronbach＇s alpha and was 0.947. An average of 46.6% of the participants was categorized as radicals with standard deviation of 12. Macro social factors explained 64% of the variance on radicalization. It has a significant impact on radicalization （F = 807.6, a = 0.000）. Each single variable has a significant impact. The analysis revealed three groups of macro determinants of youth radicalization were identified： （1） Geographic factors： state, region, and Arab spring; （2） Social factors： religion, religiously, feelings, LSE and LSC; （3） Human security： unrest, terrorism, democracy, corruption, human development, youth unemployment and employment rate. To alleviate the consequences of radicalization, prevention policies should take in account youth concerns as partners and victims of radicalization. Policies need to focus on radicalization pull and push factors on micro-meso-macro level.展开更多
文摘The purpose of the study was to explore the factors mediating college students＇ radicalization. A sample of 1,116 students was drawn from four different Jordanian universities. The construct validity of the scale was estimated by calculating the correlation between the radicalization items and the negative emotion items. A positive significant relationship was found （0.12, a = 0.000）, a sign of validity of the scale. The scale reliability was also strong and was estimated at 0.90 using Cronbach Alpha. Factor analysis produced five factors explaining 45% of the total variance of radicalization. The first factor labeled ＂political radicalization＂ explained 18.5% of the variance, the second factor ＂religious radicalization＂ explained 12.7%, the third factor ＂violent radicalization＂ explained 6.4% of the variance, the fourth ＂group radicalization＂ accounted for 4%, and the fifth factor ＂social radicalization＂ only accounted for 3% of the total variance. Significant differences in student radicalization were found according to the geographical region of the university （North, Center and South）, F = 14, a = 0.000. However, no significant differences were found in radicalization as it relates to gender, and type of college （i.e., Humanities vs. Pure Sciences）.
文摘The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of macro social factors （states, religion, region, Arab spring, terrorism, unrest （Shoe index）, democracy, corruption （GPI）, Human development （HDI）, low self-control, life stress events （LSE）, youth unemployment, religiosity, feeling （fear and anger）, youth unemployment and total unemployment） on Arab youth＇s radicalization. A sample of 6,730 Arab youth age 15-24 years was selected from Kuwait, UAE, KSA, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Jordan, Tunisia, Libya, Morocco, Lebanon, Egypt, Gaza and Palestine and Syrian refuges in Jordan. A questionnaire of 43 items to measure radicalization was developed based on the literature review. A construct validity of the scale was estimated by calculating the correlation between radicalization scale and Low self-control scale and found a positive significant relationship （0.680, a = 0.000）, a sign of validity of the scale. A Reliability of the scale is strong and was estimated by Cronbach＇s alpha and was 0.947. An average of 46.6% of the participants was categorized as radicals with standard deviation of 12. Macro social factors explained 64% of the variance on radicalization. It has a significant impact on radicalization （F = 807.6, a = 0.000）. Each single variable has a significant impact. The analysis revealed three groups of macro determinants of youth radicalization were identified： （1） Geographic factors： state, region, and Arab spring; （2） Social factors： religion, religiously, feelings, LSE and LSC; （3） Human security： unrest, terrorism, democracy, corruption, human development, youth unemployment and employment rate. To alleviate the consequences of radicalization, prevention policies should take in account youth concerns as partners and victims of radicalization. Policies need to focus on radicalization pull and push factors on micro-meso-macro level.
