Engineering single-photon states endowed with orbital angular momentum (OAM) is a powerful toolfor quantum information photonic implementations. Indeed, due to its unbounded nature, OAM is suitable forencoding qudits,...Engineering single-photon states endowed with orbital angular momentum (OAM) is a powerful toolfor quantum information photonic implementations. Indeed, due to its unbounded nature, OAM is suitable forencoding qudits, allowing a single carrier to transport a large amount of information. Most of the experimentalplatforms employ spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes to generate single photons, evenif this approach is intrinsically probabilistic, leading to scalability issues for an increasing number of qudits.Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been used to get over these limitations by producing on-demand pure and indistinguishable single-photon states, although only recently they have been exploitedto create OAM modes. Our work employs a bright QD single-photon source to generate a complete set ofquantum states for information processing with OAM-endowed photons. We first study hybrid intraparticleentanglement between OAM and polarization degrees of freedom of a single photon whose preparationwas certified by means of Hong–Ou–Mandel visibility. Then, we investigate hybrid interparticle OAM-based entanglement by exploiting a probabilistic entangling gate. The performance of our approach isassessed by performing quantum state tomography and violating Bell inequalities. Our results pave theway for the use of deterministic sources for the on-demand generation of photonic high-dimensionalquantum states.展开更多
Written by C.G. Wohl (LBNL). This note tells (1) how SU(n) particle multiplets are identified or labeled, (2) how to find the number of particles in a multiplet from its label, (3) how to draw the Young dia...Written by C.G. Wohl (LBNL). This note tells (1) how SU(n) particle multiplets are identified or labeled, (2) how to find the number of particles in a multiplet from its label, (3) how to draw the Young diagram for a multiplet, and (4) how to use Young diagrams to determine the overall multiplet structure of a composite system, such as a 3-quark or a meson-baryon system.展开更多
Table 36.1. Revised November 1993 by E. Browne (LBNL)."Emission probability" is the probability per decay of a given emission; because of cascades these may total more than 100%. Only principal emissions are liste...Table 36.1. Revised November 1993 by E. Browne (LBNL)."Emission probability" is the probability per decay of a given emission; because of cascades these may total more than 100%. Only principal emissions are listed. EC means electron capture,展开更多
Magnetic Monopole SearchesIsolated supermassive monopole candidate events have not been confirmed. The most sensitive experiments obtain negative results.
Revised August 2013 by S. Roesler and M. Silari (CERN).35.1. Definitions [1,2] It would be desirable if legal protection limits could be expressed in directly measurable physical quantities. However, this does not ...Revised August 2013 by S. Roesler and M. Silari (CERN).35.1. Definitions [1,2] It would be desirable if legal protection limits could be expressed in directly measurable physical quantities. However, this does not allow to quantify biological effects of the exposure of the human body to ionizing radiation.展开更多
Many measurements of B decays involve admixtures of B hadrons. Previously we arbitrarily included such admixtures in the B±section, but because of their importance we have created two new sections:
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the ...The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http ://pdg. lbl. gov.展开更多
1. Overview The Review of Particle Physics and the abbreviated version, the Particle Physics Booklet, are reviews of the field of Particle Physics. This complete Review includes a compilation/evaluation of data on par...1. Overview The Review of Particle Physics and the abbreviated version, the Particle Physics Booklet, are reviews of the field of Particle Physics. This complete Review includes a compilation/evaluation of data on particle properties, called the "Particle Listings." These Listings include 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, in addition to the 32,153 measurements from 8,944 papers that first appeared in previous editions [1].展开更多
CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl (LBNL). There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.* Fig. l(a) shows the mass sp...CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl (LBNL). There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.* Fig. l(a) shows the mass spectrum,展开更多
33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such appl...33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such applications will be provided. The detector techniques which are specific to non-accelerator particle physics experiments are the subject of Chap.展开更多
Written by R.L. Kelly (LBNL). The most commonly used SU(3) isoscalar factors, corresponding to the singlet, octet, and deeuplet content of 8 8 and 10 8, are shown at the right. The notation uses particle nam...Written by R.L. Kelly (LBNL). The most commonly used SU(3) isoscalar factors, corresponding to the singlet, octet, and deeuplet content of 8 8 and 10 8, are shown at the right. The notation uses particle names to identify the coefficients, so that the pattern of relative couplings may be seen at a glance. We illustrate the use of the coefficients below.展开更多
Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers (MSU) and F. Zimmermann (CERN).29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the pr...Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers (MSU) and F. Zimmermann (CERN).29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the product of the cross section of interest,展开更多
基金This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the PHOQUSING Project GA No.899544the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme QUDOT-TECH under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No.86109.
文摘Engineering single-photon states endowed with orbital angular momentum (OAM) is a powerful toolfor quantum information photonic implementations. Indeed, due to its unbounded nature, OAM is suitable forencoding qudits, allowing a single carrier to transport a large amount of information. Most of the experimentalplatforms employ spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes to generate single photons, evenif this approach is intrinsically probabilistic, leading to scalability issues for an increasing number of qudits.Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been used to get over these limitations by producing on-demand pure and indistinguishable single-photon states, although only recently they have been exploitedto create OAM modes. Our work employs a bright QD single-photon source to generate a complete set ofquantum states for information processing with OAM-endowed photons. We first study hybrid intraparticleentanglement between OAM and polarization degrees of freedom of a single photon whose preparationwas certified by means of Hong–Ou–Mandel visibility. Then, we investigate hybrid interparticle OAM-based entanglement by exploiting a probabilistic entangling gate. The performance of our approach isassessed by performing quantum state tomography and violating Bell inequalities. Our results pave theway for the use of deterministic sources for the on-demand generation of photonic high-dimensionalquantum states.
文摘Written by C.G. Wohl (LBNL). This note tells (1) how SU(n) particle multiplets are identified or labeled, (2) how to find the number of particles in a multiplet from its label, (3) how to draw the Young diagram for a multiplet, and (4) how to use Young diagrams to determine the overall multiplet structure of a composite system, such as a 3-quark or a meson-baryon system.
文摘Table 36.1. Revised November 1993 by E. Browne (LBNL)."Emission probability" is the probability per decay of a given emission; because of cascades these may total more than 100%. Only principal emissions are listed. EC means electron capture,
文摘Magnetic Monopole SearchesIsolated supermassive monopole candidate events have not been confirmed. The most sensitive experiments obtain negative results.
文摘Revised August 2013 by S. Roesler and M. Silari (CERN).35.1. Definitions [1,2] It would be desirable if legal protection limits could be expressed in directly measurable physical quantities. However, this does not allow to quantify biological effects of the exposure of the human body to ionizing radiation.
文摘Many measurements of B decays involve admixtures of B hadrons. Previously we arbitrarily included such admixtures in the B±section, but because of their importance we have created two new sections:
基金supported by the Director,Office of Science,Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231the U.S.National Science Foundation under Agreement No.PHY-0652989+3 种基金the European Laboratory for Particle Physics(CERN)an implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan(MEXT:Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology)and the United States(DOE)on cooperative research and developmentthe Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics(INFN)B.C.F.was supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation Grant PHY-1214082
文摘The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http ://pdg. lbl. gov.
基金supported by the Director,Office of Science,Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231by the U.S.National Science Foundation under Agreement No.PHY-0652989+2 种基金by the European Laboratory for Particle Physics(CERN)by an implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan(MEXT:Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports, Science and Technology) and the United States(DOE) on cooperative research and developmentby the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics(INFN)
文摘1. Overview The Review of Particle Physics and the abbreviated version, the Particle Physics Booklet, are reviews of the field of Particle Physics. This complete Review includes a compilation/evaluation of data on particle properties, called the "Particle Listings." These Listings include 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, in addition to the 32,153 measurements from 8,944 papers that first appeared in previous editions [1].
文摘CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl (LBNL). There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.* Fig. l(a) shows the mass spectrum,
文摘33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such applications will be provided. The detector techniques which are specific to non-accelerator particle physics experiments are the subject of Chap.
文摘Written by R.L. Kelly (LBNL). The most commonly used SU(3) isoscalar factors, corresponding to the singlet, octet, and deeuplet content of 8 8 and 10 8, are shown at the right. The notation uses particle names to identify the coefficients, so that the pattern of relative couplings may be seen at a glance. We illustrate the use of the coefficients below.
基金supported by PAPIIT(DGAPA-UNAM) project IN106913 and CONACyT(Mexico) project 151234support by the Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics(MITP) where part of this work was completed.A.F.is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant no. PHY-1212635
文摘Revised November 2013 by J. Erler (U. Mexico) and A. Freit&s (Pittsburgh U.).10.1 Introduction 10.2 Renormalization and radiative corrections
文摘Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers (MSU) and F. Zimmermann (CERN).29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the product of the cross section of interest,