A framework of force of information influence and application for C4KISR system

The subversive nature of information war lies not only in the information itself, but also in the circulation and application of information. It has always been a challenge to quantitatively analyze the function and effect of information flow through command, control, communications, computer, kill, intelligence,surveillance, reconnaissance (C4KISR) system. In this work, we propose a framework of force of information influence and the methods for calculating the force of information influence between C4KISR nodes of sensing, intelligence processing,decision making and fire attack. Specifically, the basic concept of force of information influence between nodes in C4KISR system is formally proposed and its mathematical definition is provided. Then, based on the information entropy theory, the model of force of information influence between C4KISR system nodes is constructed. Finally, the simulation experiments have been performed under an air defense and attack scenario. The experimental results show that, with the proposed force of information influence framework, we can effectively evaluate the contribution of information circulation through different C4KISR system nodes to the corresponding tasks. Our framework of force of information influence can also serve as an effective tool for the design and dynamic reconfiguration of C4KISR system architecture.

Necessary prerequisites for evidence-based practice:results of investigating nurses'informatics competency and information literacy skills

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between nursing informatics(NI)competency and information literacy skills for evidencebased practice(EBP)among intensive care nurses.This cross-sectional study was conducted on 184 nurses working in intensive care units(ICUs).The study data were collected through demographic information,Nursing Informatics Competency Assessment Tool(NICAT),and information literacy skills for EBP questionnaires.The intensive care nurses received competent and low-moderate levels for the total scores of NI competency and information literacy skills,respectively.They received a moderate score for the use of different information resources but a low score for information searching skills,different search features,and knowledge about search operators,and only 31.5%of the nurses selected the most appropriate statement.NI competency and related subscales had a significant direct bidirectional correlation with information literacy skills for EBP and its subscales(P<0.05).Nurses require a high level of NI competency and information literacy for EBP to obtain up-to-date information and provide better care and decision-making.Health planners and policymakers should develop interventions to enhance NI competency and information literacy skills among nurses and motivate them to use EBP in clinical settings.

TimeGAN-Informer长时机场能见度预测

能见度的预测对机场的业务决策、保障飞机的安全起降具有重要的意义。针对现有能见度预测模型预测时间较短的问题,提出一种基于TimeGAN Informer(Time Generative Adversarial Network-Informer)的机场能见度预测方法。利用2018—2022年气象和污染物数据,通过相关系数法和递归特征消除法提取出能见度的主要影响因素,使用TimeGAN时间序列生成对抗网络对数据进行扩充,并将Informer长时间序列预测模型应用于能见度预测。结果显示:当预测步长为1 d、2 d、3 d时,TimeGAN Informer的绝对误差(Mean Absolute Error,MAE)分别为2.42、3.13、3.57,比Informer分别降低了0.29、0.27、0.28,比长短时记忆网络(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)分别降低了0.28、0.49、0.63;均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)分别为3.03、3.7、4.09,比Informer分别降低了0.38、0.22、0.24,比长短时记忆网络(LSTM)分别降低了0.3、0.5、1.04;百分误差小于30%的分别占测试样本集的78.07%、70.68%、63.84%。尽管随着步长的增加预测效果变差,但在预测步长为3 d时,多数样本的预测误差仍小于30%,实现了对机场区域较为准确的长时能见度预测。

面向结构地震响应预测的Phy-LInformers方法

为了准确评估建筑结构在地震作用下的动力特性和延性性能并促进韧性城乡的建设,本文提出了一种名为Phy-LInformers的深度学习框架,该框架综合运用了长短期记忆网络(long short-term memory,LSTM)、Transformer类模型Informer以及物理先验知识,以实现对建筑结构非线性地震响应的精确预测。该框架的核心思想是结合Informer的编码(Encoder)和解码(Decoder)结构,在Decoder部分引入了LSTM以预测建筑物先前的历史状态信息。同时,通过将现有的物理知识(例如预测变量之间的状态依赖关系和运动控制方程等)编码到损失函数中,对Phy-LInformers进行指导并约束其学习空间,同时提高有限训练数据下深度学习模型的预测性能。随后,通过2个模拟数据算例验证所提框架的性能。结果表明,所提出的Phy-LInformers是一种鲁棒性良好、预测性能优秀的非线性地震响应预测方法,即使在训练样本非常少(例如仅有10条)的情况下依然能准确预测结构在地震作用下的动力响应。这一特性使得Phy-LInformers在工程实践中具有可行性,并且在建筑结构抗震性能评价领域展现出良好的应用前景。

基于改进Informer的云计算资源负载预测

负载预测是云计算资源管理中的重要组成部分,准确预测云资源的使用情况可提高云平台性能及防止资源浪费,然而云计算资源使用的动态性和不确定性使得负载预测较为困难,尽管Informer在时序预测领域取得了较好的效果,但未对时间的因果依赖关系加以限制造成未来信息泄露,也未考虑网络深度的增加导致模型性能下降的问题。为解决上述问题,提出一种基于改进Informer的多步负载预测模型(Informer-DCR)。将编码器中各注意力块之间的正则卷积替换为扩张因果卷积,使深层网络中的高层能够接收更大范围的输入信息来提高模型预测精度,并保证时序预测过程的因果性。在编码器中添加残差连接,使网络中低层的输入信息直接传到后续的高层,解决了深层网络退化问题。实验结果表明,Informer-DCR模型在不同预测步长下的平均绝对误差比Informer、时间卷积网络等主流预测模型降低了8.4%~40.0%,并且在训练过程中表现出比Informer更好的收敛性。

Orbit Weighting Scheme in the Context of Vector Space Information Retrieval

This study introduces the Orbit Weighting Scheme(OWS),a novel approach aimed at enhancing the precision and efficiency of Vector Space information retrieval(IR)models,which have traditionally relied on weighting schemes like tf-idf and BM25.These conventional methods often struggle with accurately capturing document relevance,leading to inefficiencies in both retrieval performance and index size management.OWS proposes a dynamic weighting mechanism that evaluates the significance of terms based on their orbital position within the vector space,emphasizing term relationships and distribution patterns overlooked by existing models.Our research focuses on evaluating OWS’s impact on model accuracy using Information Retrieval metrics like Recall,Precision,InterpolatedAverage Precision(IAP),andMeanAverage Precision(MAP).Additionally,we assessOWS’s effectiveness in reducing the inverted index size,crucial for model efficiency.We compare OWS-based retrieval models against others using different schemes,including tf-idf variations and BM25Delta.Results reveal OWS’s superiority,achieving a 54%Recall and 81%MAP,and a notable 38%reduction in the inverted index size.This highlights OWS’s potential in optimizing retrieval processes and underscores the need for further research in this underrepresented area to fully leverage OWS’s capabilities in information retrieval methodologies.

Social Media-Based Surveillance Systems for Health Informatics Using Machine and Deep Learning Techniques:A Comprehensive Review and Open Challenges

Social media(SM)based surveillance systems,combined with machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)techniques,have shown potential for early detection of epidemic outbreaks.This review discusses the current state of SM-based surveillance methods for early epidemic outbreaks and the role of ML and DL in enhancing their performance.Since,every year,a large amount of data related to epidemic outbreaks,particularly Twitter data is generated by SM.This paper outlines the theme of SM analysis for tracking health-related issues and detecting epidemic outbreaks in SM,along with the ML and DL techniques that have been configured for the detection of epidemic outbreaks.DL has emerged as a promising ML technique that adaptsmultiple layers of representations or features of the data and yields state-of-the-art extrapolation results.In recent years,along with the success of ML and DL in many other application domains,both ML and DL are also popularly used in SM analysis.This paper aims to provide an overview of epidemic outbreaks in SM and then outlines a comprehensive analysis of ML and DL approaches and their existing applications in SM analysis.Finally,this review serves the purpose of offering suggestions,ideas,and proposals,along with highlighting the ongoing challenges in the field of early outbreak detection that still need to be addressed.

基于双向目标偏置APF-informed-RRT^(*)算法的机械臂路径规划

针对当前机械臂路径规划算法存在搜索随机性大、目标偏置性差和路径曲折等问题,提出了一种基于双向目标偏置的APF-informed-RRT^(∗)算法。首先在双向informed-RRT^(∗)基础上引入概率自适应的目标偏置策略,降低搜索的随机性,提高采样效率;其次针对路径扩展在双向搜索树中融入人工势场法,减少算法的迭代次数;同时在路径生长阶段,采用动态步长生长策略,即根据搜索树的扩展趋势动态调整步长,避免出现局部最优,并且加快路径搜索时间;最后针对冗余节点采用三角不等式原理进行去除,进而通过B样条曲线对路径进行平滑处理,得到最优规划路径。通过与双向RRT^(∗)、双向informed-RRT^(∗)和双向P-RRT^(∗)等算法在三维环境下进行了仿真对比实验验证,相较于双向RRT^(∗)在时间上节约了41%,在采样点数量上减少了63%;相较于双向informed-RRT∗在时间上节约了58%,在采样数量上减少了68%;相较于双向P-RRT^(∗)在时间上节约了30%,在采样数量上减少了60%。

Automatic Extraction of Medical Latent Variables from ECG Signals Utilizing a Mutual Information-Based Technique and Capsular Neural Networks for Arrhythmia Detection

From a medical perspective,the 12 leads of the heart in an electrocardiogram(ECG)signal have functional dependencies with each other.Therefore,all these leads report different aspects of an arrhythmia.Their differences lie in the level of highlighting and displaying information about that arrhythmia.For example,although all leads show traces of atrial excitation,this function is more evident in lead II than in any other lead.In this article,a new model was proposed using ECG functional and structural dependencies between heart leads.In the prescreening stage,the ECG signals are segmented from the QRS point so that further analyzes can be performed on these segments in a more detailed manner.The mutual information indices were used to assess the relationship between leads.In order to calculate mutual information,the correlation between the 12 ECG leads has been calculated.The output of this step is a matrix containing all mutual information.Furthermore,to calculate the structural information of ECG signals,a capsule neural network was implemented to aid physicians in the automatic classification of cardiac arrhythmias.The architecture of this capsule neural network has been modified to perform the classification task.In the experimental results section,the proposed model was used to classify arrhythmias in ECG signals from the Chapman dataset.Numerical evaluations showed that this model has a precision of 97.02%,recall of 96.13%,F1-score of 96.57%and accuracy of 97.38%,indicating acceptable performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods.The proposed method shows an average accuracy of 2%superiority over similar works.

Mutual Information Maximization via Joint Power Allocation in Integrated Sensing and Communications System

In this paper, we focus on the power allocation of Integrated Sensing and Communication(ISAC) with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) waveform. In order to improve the spectrum utilization efficiency in ISAC, we propose a design scheme based on spectrum sharing, that is,to maximize the mutual information(MI) of radar sensing while ensuring certain communication rate and transmission power constraints. In the proposed scheme, three cases are considered for the scattering off the target due to the communication signals,as negligible signal, beneficial signal, and interference signal to radar sensing, respectively, thus requiring three power allocation schemes. However,the corresponding power allocation schemes are nonconvex and their closed-form solutions are unavailable as a consequence. Motivated by this, alternating optimization(AO), sequence convex programming(SCP) and Lagrange multiplier are individually combined for three suboptimal solutions corresponding with three power allocation schemes. By combining the three algorithms, we transform the non-convex problem which is difficult to deal with into a convex problem which is easy to solve and obtain the suboptimal solution of the corresponding optimization problem. Numerical results show that, compared with the allocation results of the existing algorithms, the proposed joint design algorithm significantly improves the radar performance.

A Practical Regular LDPC Coded Scheme for Physical-Layer Information Security

In this paper,we aim to design a practical low complexity low-density parity-check(LDPC)coded scheme to build a secure open channel and protect information from eavesdropping.To this end,we first propose a punctured LDPC coded scheme,where the information bits in a codeword are punctured and only the parity check bits are transmitted to the receiver.We further propose a notion of check node type distribution and derive multi-edge type extrinsic information transfer functions to estimate the security performance,instead of the well-known weak metric bit error rate.We optimize the check node type distribution in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)gap and modify the progressive edge growth algorithm to design finite-length codes.Numerical results show that our proposed scheme can achieve a lower computational complexity and a smaller security gap,compared to the existing scrambling and puncturing schemes.

Cyber Resilience through Real-Time Threat Analysis in Information Security

This paper examines how cybersecurity is developing and how it relates to more conventional information security. Although information security and cyber security are sometimes used synonymously, this study contends that they are not the same. The concept of cyber security is explored, which goes beyond protecting information resources to include a wider variety of assets, including people [1]. Protecting information assets is the main goal of traditional information security, with consideration to the human element and how people fit into the security process. On the other hand, cyber security adds a new level of complexity, as people might unintentionally contribute to or become targets of cyberattacks. This aspect presents moral questions since it is becoming more widely accepted that society has a duty to protect weaker members of society, including children [1]. The study emphasizes how important cyber security is on a larger scale, with many countries creating plans and laws to counteract cyberattacks. Nevertheless, a lot of these sources frequently neglect to define the differences or the relationship between information security and cyber security [1]. The paper focus on differentiating between cybersecurity and information security on a larger scale. The study also highlights other areas of cybersecurity which includes defending people, social norms, and vital infrastructure from threats that arise from online in addition to information and technology protection. It contends that ethical issues and the human factor are becoming more and more important in protecting assets in the digital age, and that cyber security is a paradigm shift in this regard [1].

基于LSTM和Informer变体的渔业水质预测研究

现代化渔业养殖需要更快更准确的水质预测,提升养殖水质预测的精度对提升渔业养殖的效率具有重要意义,为此提出一种结合随机森林、SG滤波器、LSTM和Informer变体的渔业水质预测模型。首先通过随机森林算法填补数据中的缺失值,通过SG滤波器减少噪声干扰。其次将LSTM结合静态和瞬时递归网络作为Informer中的内部结构,将数据送入模型中。最后通过全连接层输出得到水质预测结果,对渔场内监测点的水温、pH值、溶解氧进行预测。结果表明所提方法提高了渔业养殖水质预测的预测精度。

Information Security in the Cloud: Emerging Trends and Challenges

This article explores the evolution of cloud computing, its advantages over traditional on-premises infrastructure, and its impact on information security. The study presents a comprehensive literature review covering various cloud infrastructure offerings and security models. Additionally, it deeply analyzes real-life case studies illustrating successful cloud migrations and highlights common information security threats in current cloud computing. The article concludes by offering recommendations to businesses to protect themselves from cloud data breaches and providing insights into selecting a suitable cloud services provider from an information security perspective.

基于改进Informed-RRT^(*)的路径规划算法

针对Informed-RRT^(*)算法在路径规划中存在盲目性、收敛速度慢和优化效率低等问题,提出了一种改进的Informed-RRT^(*)算法。首先,寻找初始路径时引入双向贪婪搜索,加快了初始路径寻找速率;其次,在树的生长过程中引入自适应步长代替固定步长进行生长,使得算法面对不同环境都能找到较优路径;最后,用懒惰采样代替原本的随机采样,在对算法进行处理前删除没有作用的节点,减小了算法运行压力,也加速了算法收敛。实验结果表明,面对复杂环境,优化后的算法能够快速找到较优路径。

基于STL-Informer-ARIMA组合模型的猪肉价格预测方法研究

合理预测猪肉价格对稳定生猪市场价格波动及促进猪产业的健康持续发展具有重要意义。本文深入研究了猪肉价格的影响因素,整合了29种相关价格数据。通过分析数据特征,针对Informer模型在猪肉价格数据提取方面的局限性,对Informer模型进行改进,将自注意力机制ProbAttention更换为Synthesizer模型,引入了价格波动模块。在此基础上,本文提出了一种新的价格预测组合模型STL-Informer-ARIMA,模型结合了随机森林(Random Forest)和递归特征消除(Recursive Feature Elimination)进行特征选择,利用季节性和趋势分解法(Seasonal and Trend Decomposition Using Loess)对猪肉(白条猪)价格进行分解,采用ARIMA模型对季节项进行预测,同时针对趋势项和残差项采用改进的Informer模型进行预测。实验表明,STL-Informer-ARIMA组合模型的MSE为0.532,MAE为0.446,RMSE为0.729,MAPE为0.030,R^(2)为0.958,相较于LSTM、SVR和GRU等常用价格预测模型,本文的组合模型有效提升了猪肉价格预测的准确性和可靠性。

Value Iteration-Based Cooperative Adaptive Optimal Control for Multi-Player Differential Games With Incomplete Information

This paper presents a novel cooperative value iteration(VI)-based adaptive dynamic programming method for multi-player differential game models with a convergence proof.The players are divided into two groups in the learning process and adapt their policies sequentially.Our method removes the dependence of admissible initial policies,which is one of the main drawbacks of the PI-based frameworks.Furthermore,this algorithm enables the players to adapt their control policies without full knowledge of others’ system parameters or control laws.The efficacy of our method is illustrated by three examples.

Data Component:An Innovative Framework for Information Value Metrics in the Digital Economy

The increasing dependence on data highlights the need for a detailed understanding of its behavior,encompassing the challenges involved in processing and evaluating it.However,current research lacks a comprehensive structure for measuring the worth of data elements,hindering effective navigation of the changing digital environment.This paper aims to fill this research gap by introducing the innovative concept of“data components.”It proposes a graphtheoretic representation model that presents a clear mathematical definition and demonstrates the superiority of data components over traditional processing methods.Additionally,the paper introduces an information measurement model that provides a way to calculate the information entropy of data components and establish their increased informational value.The paper also assesses the value of information,suggesting a pricing mechanism based on its significance.In conclusion,this paper establishes a robust framework for understanding and quantifying the value of implicit information in data,laying the groundwork for future research and practical applications.

Wireless Information and Power Transfer in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Wireless information and power transfer(WIPT) enables simultaneously communications and sustainable power supplement without the erection of power supply lines and the replacement operation of the batteries for the terminals. The application of WIPT to the underwater acoustic sensor networks(UWASNs) not only retains the long range communication capabilities, but also provides an auxiliary and convenient energy supplement way for the terminal sensors, and thus is a promising scheme to solve the energy-limited problem for the UWASNs. In this paper, we propose the integration of WIPT into the UWASNs and provide an overview on various enabling techniques for the WIPT based UWASNs(WIPT-UWASNs) as well as pointing out future research challenges and opportunities for WIPT-UWASNs.

Implantable Electrochemical Microsensors for In Vivo Monitoring of Animal Physiological Information

In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,implantable electrochemical microsensors have emerged as a prominent area of research.These microsensors not only fulfill the technical requirements for monitoring animal physiological information but also offer an ideal platform for integration.They have been extensively studied for their ability to monitor animal physiological information in a minimally invasive manner,characterized by their bloodless,painless features,and exceptional performance.The development of implantable electrochemical microsensors for in vivo monitoring of animal physiological information has witnessed significant scientific and technological advancements through dedicated efforts.This review commenced with a comprehensive discussion of the construction of microsensors,including the materials utilized and the methods employed for fabrication.Following this,we proceeded to explore the various implantation technologies employed for electrochemical microsensors.In addition,a comprehensive overview was provided of the various applications of implantable electrochemical microsensors,specifically in the monitoring of diseases and the investigation of disease mechanisms.Lastly,a concise conclusion was conducted on the recent advancements and significant obstacles pertaining to the practical implementation of implantable electrochemical microsensors.