The modern information society is enabled by photonic fiber networks characterized by huge coverage and great complexity and ranging in size from transcontinental submarine telecommunication cables to fiber to the hom...The modern information society is enabled by photonic fiber networks characterized by huge coverage and great complexity and ranging in size from transcontinental submarine telecommunication cables to fiber to the home and local segments.This world-wide network has yet to match the complexity of the human brain,which contains a hundred billion neurons,each with thousands of synaptic connections on average.However,it already exceeds the complexity of brains from primitive organisms,i.e.,the honey bee,which has a brain containing approximately one million neurons.In this study,we present a discussion of the computing potential of optical networks as information carriers.Using a simple fiber network,we provide a proof-of-principle demonstration that this network can be treated as an optical oracle for the Hamiltonian path problem,the famous mathematical complexity problem of finding whether a set of towns can be travelled via a path in which each town is visited only once.Pronouncement of a Hamiltonian path is achieved by monitoring the delay of an optical pulse that interrogates the network,and this delay will be equal to the sum of the travel times needed to visit all of the nodes(towns).We argue that the optical oracle could solve this NP-complete problem hundreds of times faster than brute-force computing.Additionally,we discuss secure communication applications for the optical oracle and propose possible implementation in silicon photonics and plasmonic networks.展开更多
Protein kinases are a conserved superfamily of proteins that play an essential role in signal transduction by attaching a phosphoryl group to serine,threonine,or tyrosine residues of a protein,hence converting them to...Protein kinases are a conserved superfamily of proteins that play an essential role in signal transduction by attaching a phosphoryl group to serine,threonine,or tyrosine residues of a protein,hence converting them to phosphoproteins.This process,which can be reversed by protein phosphatases,regulates vital cellular processes in plants,including metabolism,proliferation,and death.It is also key to trigger response mechanisms to drought,increased salinity,and other abiotic stresses(Zhu,2016).展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 3(Grant No.MOE2011-T3-1-005)the Singapore Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A*STAR,SERC Project No.1223600007)EPSRC(UK)via the Programme on Nanostructured Photonic Metamaterials.
文摘The modern information society is enabled by photonic fiber networks characterized by huge coverage and great complexity and ranging in size from transcontinental submarine telecommunication cables to fiber to the home and local segments.This world-wide network has yet to match the complexity of the human brain,which contains a hundred billion neurons,each with thousands of synaptic connections on average.However,it already exceeds the complexity of brains from primitive organisms,i.e.,the honey bee,which has a brain containing approximately one million neurons.In this study,we present a discussion of the computing potential of optical networks as information carriers.Using a simple fiber network,we provide a proof-of-principle demonstration that this network can be treated as an optical oracle for the Hamiltonian path problem,the famous mathematical complexity problem of finding whether a set of towns can be travelled via a path in which each town is visited only once.Pronouncement of a Hamiltonian path is achieved by monitoring the delay of an optical pulse that interrogates the network,and this delay will be equal to the sum of the travel times needed to visit all of the nodes(towns).We argue that the optical oracle could solve this NP-complete problem hundreds of times faster than brute-force computing.Additionally,we discuss secure communication applications for the optical oracle and propose possible implementation in silicon photonics and plasmonic networks.
基金The authors are funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation with grant BIO2017-89523-R.
文摘Protein kinases are a conserved superfamily of proteins that play an essential role in signal transduction by attaching a phosphoryl group to serine,threonine,or tyrosine residues of a protein,hence converting them to phosphoproteins.This process,which can be reversed by protein phosphatases,regulates vital cellular processes in plants,including metabolism,proliferation,and death.It is also key to trigger response mechanisms to drought,increased salinity,and other abiotic stresses(Zhu,2016).
