谈谈ISDS国际中心与中国国家中心

一、ISDS国际中心1967年,联合国教科文组织(Unesco)与国际科学协会理事会(InternationalCouncil of Scientific Unions)共同研究建立世界科学情报系统(Universal ScienceInformation System—Unisist)的可能性。根据这一设想,该会的书目著录工作小组(Working Group on BibliographyDescription)认为建立一种全世界通用的编号系统,通过电子计算机处理、登记与传播有关连续出版物的准确信息。

关于ISDS与ISBD(S)的兼容问题

自从国际连续出版物数据系统(InternationalSerials Data System,简称ISDS)和《国际标准书目著录》(连续出版物)(International Standard BibliographicDescription for Serials,简称ISBD(S))这两个有关连续出版物的系统诞生以来,国际书目控制组织、各国的国家编目机构以及世界著名书目专家便一致呼吁这两个系统能够逐步靠拢,直到兼容,以节省人力、物力,提高工作效益。十多年来,经过多方面的努力,这一问题终于得到了比较圆满的解决。一、关于ISDS第二次世界大战以来,随着科学技术的发展,连续出版物(其中主要是期刊)的出版量猛增。如何迅速而准确地掌握庞大数量出版物的有关信息,是图书情报。

Circulating exosomal lncRNA contributes to the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury in rats

Exosome-derived long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are extensively engaged in recovery and repair of the injured spinal cord,through different mechanisms.However,to date no study has systematically evaluated the differentially expressed lncRNAs involved in the development of spinal cord injury.Thus,the aim of this study was to identify key circulating exosome-derived lncRNAs in a rat model of spinal cord injury and investigate their potential actions.To this end,we established a rat model of spinal cord hemisection.Circulating exosomes were extracted from blood samples from spinal cord injury and control(sham)rats and further identified through Western blotting and electron microscopy.RNA was isolated from the exosomes and sequenced.The enrichment analysis demonstrated that there were distinctively different lncRNA and mRNA expression patterns between the two groups.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis and Gene Ontology(GO)functional analysis were performed to determine the possible involvements of upregulated and downregulated lncRNAs in various pathways and different biological processes,as well as their cellular locations and molecular functions.Furthermore,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression of five lncRNAs––ENSRN0T00000067908,XR_590093,XR_591455,XR_360081,and XR_346933––was increased,whereas the expression of XR_351404,XR_591426,XR_353833,XR_590076,and XR_590719 was decreased.Of note,these 10 lncRNAs were at the center of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA coexpression network,which also included 198 mRNAs and 41 miRNAs.Taken together,our findings show that several circulating exosomal lncRNAs are differentially expressed after spinal cord injury,suggesting that they may be involved in spinal cord injury pathology and pathogenesis.These lncRNAs could potentially serve as targets for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injury.

关于国际标准连续出版物号

国际标准连续出版物号(InternationalStandard Serial Number-ISSN)就是为每一连续出版物的题名(期刊称刊名)分配的一种唯一的、永久不变的、国际通用的标准代码,其目的是为了便于实现自动化管理和国际间的信息交流。 这一工作统一由国际连续出版物数据系统国际中心(International Serial DataSystem/International Centre—ISDS/IC)组织实施。

区域医疗网络案例研究——美国佛罗里达州健康信息网络素描

介绍了美国佛罗里达州卫生局(FDOH)建立区域医疗网络项目的概况和进展,着重探讨了项目架构和解决标准统一问题。佛州卫生局在考虑到各地方不同的医疗卫生状况后选用了"混合式"的架构,以企业级应用集成(Enterprise Appli- cation Integration,EAI)技术为基础实现区域医疗信息的共享。同时针对各地医院采用的信息系统差异很大、数据缺乏统一标准的情况,佛州卫生局引入"集成代理"的方案以很低的成本解决了统一标准问题。佛州卫生局建立RHIO(Regional Health Information Organization)的实践对于我国的RHIO建设具有很高的参考价值。

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Scotland 2000-2010: Improved outcomes but a significant weekend effect

AIM: To assess numbers and case fatality of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB),effects of deprivation and whether weekend presentation affected outcomes.METHODS: Data was obtained from Information Services Division(ISD) Scotland and National Records of Scotland(NRS) death records for a ten year period between 2000-2001 and 2009-2010. We obtained data from the ISD Scottish Morbidity Records(SMR01) database which holds data on inpatient and daycase hospital discharges from non-obstetric and nonpsychiatric hospitals in Scotland. The mortality data was obtained from NRS and linked with the ISD SMR01 database to obtain 30-d case fatality. We used 23 ICD-10(International Classification of diseases) codes which identify UGIB to interrogate database. We analysed these data for trends in number of hospital admissions with UGIB,30-d mortality over time and assessed effects of social deprivation. We compared weekend and weekday admissions for differences in 30-d mortality and length of hospital stay. We determined comorbidities for each admission to establish if comorbidities contributed to patient outcome. RESULTS: A total of 60643 Scottish residents were admitted with UGIH during January,2000 and October,2009. There was no significant change in annual number of admissions over time,but there was a statistically significant reduction in 30-d case fatality from 10.3% to 8.8%(P < 0.001) over these 10 years. Number of admissions with UGIB was higher for the patients from most deprived category(P < 0.05),although case fatality was higher for the patients from the least deprived category(P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant change in this trend between 2000/01-2009/10. Patients admitted with UGIB at weekends had higher 30-d case fatality compared with those admitted on weekdays(P < 0.001). Thirty day mortality remained significantly higher for patients admitted with UGIB at weekends after adjusting for comorbidities. Length of hospital stay was also higher overall for patients admitted at the weekend when compared to weekdays,although only reached statistical significance for the last year of study 2009/10(P < 0.0005). CONCLUSION: Despite reduction in mortality for UGIB in Scotland during 2000-2010,weekend admissions show a consistently higher mortality and greater lengths of stay compared with weekdays.

基于电力物联网的智能配用电信息采集技术研究

针对现有技术中配用电信息采集技术计算框架复杂、数据处理困难等问题,用NB-物联网技术实现对配电网用户用电信息采集和管理的智能化,并构建出智能用电信息采集系统。基于ADE7953电能计量芯片,配合STM32微处理器,实现对用电信息的采集,并通过优化电能计量算法提高采集系统的精准度,大大减少了采集时间。试验结果表明,研究系统的采集准确率提高了约10%,采集效率提高了约33%,智能用电信息采集系统具有高精准度和高效率。

确定中文连续出版物改名的原则问题初探

确定中文连续出版物改名的原则问题初探谈金铠一、问题的提出连续出版物改名的情况是经常发生的。在连续出版物管理工作中，对于这个问题的处理也是最令人头疼的事。根据国际标准著录的要求，连续出版物改名后采用“连续款目著录法”（Ｓｕｃｃｃｓｓｉｖｅｅｎｔｒｙｃａ...

Significance of ROI Coding using MAXSHIFT Scaling applied on MRI Images in Teleradiology-Telemedicine

Within the expanding paradigm of medical imaging in Teleradiology-Telemedicine there is increasing demand for transmitting diagnostic medical imagery. These are usually rich in radiological contents and the associated file sizes are large which must be compressed with minimal file size to minimize transmission time and robustly coded to withstand required network medium. It has been reinforced through extensive research that the diagnostically important regions of medical images, the Region of Interest (ROI), must be compressed by lossless or near lossless algorithm while on the other hand, the background region be compressed with some loss of information but still recognizable using JPEG 2000 standard. We develop a compression model and present its application on MRI images. Applying on MRI images achieved higher compression ratio 16:1, analogously minimum transmission time, using MAXSHIFT method proved diagnostically significant and effective both objectively and subjectively.

特约主编寄语

光学遥感利用可见光、近红外和短波红外传感器对地物进行特定电磁谱段的成像观测，是遥感科技中发展最早，也是目前对地观测和空间信息领域中应用最为广泛的技术手段。近年来随着光学成像、电子学与空间技术的飞速发展，高空间、高光谱和高时间分辨率遥感不断取得新突破，遥感卫星数量也呈爆发式增长，为光学遥感图像处理与应用发展创造了前所未有的机遇和广阔前景。

Relationships between emissions of toxic airborne molecules and type 1 diabetes incidence in children:An ecologic study

BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes originates from gene-environment interactions,with increasing incidence over time.AIM To identify correlates of childhood type 1 diabetes in European countries using an ecological approach.Several environmental variables potentially influencing the onset of type 1 diabetes have been previously evaluated.However,the relationships between epidemiologic data and exposure to toxic airborne molecules are scarcely studied.METHODS We employed an ecological model to explore,in a wide time period(1990-2018),associations between type 1 diabetes incidence in 19 European countries(systematic literature review)and the nationwide production of five widely diffused air pollutants:particulate matter<10μm(PM10),nitrogen oxides(NO),non-methane volatile organic compounds(VOCs),sulphur oxide(SO2),and ammonia.RESULTS Data confirm a raising incidence of type 1 diabetes in 18 out of 19 explored countries.The average difference(last vs first report,all countries)was+6.9×100000/year,with values ranging from-1.4(Germany)to+16.6(Sweden)per 100000/year.Although the overall production of pollutants decreased progressively from 1990 to 2018,type 1 diabetes incidence was positively associated with the nationwide emissions of PM10,VOCs,and NO but not with those of SO2 and ammonia.Type 1 diabetes incidence was significantly higher in countries with high emissions than in those with low emissions of PM10(27.5±2.4 vs 14.6±2.4×100000 residents,respectively),VOCs(24.5±4.4 vs 13.2±1.7×100000 residents,respectively),and NO(26.6±3 vs 13.4±2.4×100000 residents,respectively),but not of SO2 or ammonia.CONCLUSION Evidence justify further studies to explore better links between long-term air quality and type 1 diabetes onset at the individual level,which should include exposures during pregnancy.In this respect,type 1 diabetes could be,at least in part,a preventable condition.Thus,primary prevention policies acting through a marked abatement of pollutant emissions might attenuate future type 1 diabetes incidence throughout Europe.

儿咳灵糖浆提取工艺优化

目的优化儿咳灵糖浆的提取工艺。方法以苦杏仁苷、盐酸麻黄碱、黄芩苷的转移率和干浸膏得率为指标,采用L9(34)正交试验,优选最佳水提取工艺,并进行验证。结果最佳工艺为苦杏仁沸水入药,加6倍量水,煎煮2次,每次1h;苦杏仁药渣与麻黄等13味药材加10倍量水,煎煮2次,每次1h。结论优选的提取工艺稳定可行,可为大生产提供参数指导。

一种高分辨率遥感图像分割方法研究

针对高分辨率遥感图像分割方法计算效率低和分割精度差等问题进行研究。设计了一种新型网络结构,架构由端到端的新型全卷积网络框架构成,结合了密集连接的思想和全卷积层的体系结构,实现了每个层和所有其他层之间的直接连接。利用多尺度卷积核构造更宽的网络,提高了网络在不同尺度下的适应性。试验结果表明,提出方法在15尺度时精确度达到最大值92.2%,具有良好的分割性能。

连续出版物题名琐谈

连续出版物作为一种文献类型,虽然具有其他类型文献的某些共同之处,但是它却更多地具有自己的特点。这里,笔者仅从题名的角度谈谈这方面的问题,以便对于我们做好连续出版物的编目工作。

Are children safe indoor from outdoor air pollution? A short review

Background: Air pollution is a serious threat to children health. Given that children spend over 80% of their time indoors, understanding transport of pollutants from outdoor to indoor environments is important for assessing the impact of exposure to outdoor pollution on children health. The most common advice given during a smoke pollution episode is to stay indoors. How well this works depends on how clean the indoor air is and how pollutants from outdoor air contribute to pollutants load in indoor air. Objective: To assess the amount of outdoor air pollution coming indoors threatening children health. Methods: A Medline/EMBASE search of scientific articles was performed to evaluate the indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) concentration ratios of two main pollutants: ultrafine particles (UFP) and ozone (O3). Result: Under infiltration condition, the highest I/O ratios (0.6 - 0.9) were usually observed for larger UFP (70 - 100 nm), while the lowest I/O ratios (0.1 - 0.4) occurred typically around 10 - 20 nm. O3 I/O ratios vary according to air exchange and may be 0.6 - 0.8 for interiors having a large volume exchange with outdoor air (i.e. open windows) and 0.3 - 0.4 with conventional air conditioning systems. Conclusions: In the absence of indoor sources or activities, indoor UFP particles originate from outdoors. O3 concentration indoors may reach concentration similar to outdoors. Environmental and energy policies must also explicitly account for all the impacts of fossil fuel combustion on child health and development.

Digital Earth Embracing the Era of Big Data

Digital Earth is a global initiative aimed at harnessing the world’s data and information resources to quantitatively describe and represent our planet,and to monitor,measure and forecast natural and human activities on earth.Today,the advent of the big data era is injecting new impetus for the

论西文期刊的国际标准著录及其在北图的实施

一、国际标准著录的产生长期以来,国际间编目规则主要分为两大系统,一为英语语系图书馆的英美编目规则,一为普鲁士语系图书馆的普鲁士编目规则。但由于下述原因,书目著录的国际标准化已成为必然的趋势。 1.书目控制的需要。

Breaking barriers:noncanonical inflammasome executes blood–brain barrier disruption

In a landmark study recently published in Nature,1 Wei and colleagues demonstrate that the activation of GSDMD by the cytosolic lipopolysaccharide(LPS)sensor caspase-11 triggers blood–brain barrier(BBB)breakdown upon LPS challenge independent of TLR4-induced cytokine release.Their work identifies the noncanonical inflammasome and GSDMD pore formation as a potential target for treating central nervous system(CNS)disorders associated with inflammatory BBB dysfunction.

Tracing the failing heart: dual genetic fate mapping for target identification

In a recent study published in Nature Genetics,1 Han and colleagues employed a dual genetic lineage tracing approach in combination with a model of heart failure(HF)to identify a key sub-population of endocardium-derived fibroblasts,which gives rise to excessive myofibroblast formation in a Wnt pathway-mediated manner and contributes to cardiac fibrosis.1 The identified fibroblast sub-population and Wnt signaling pathway could be novel targets for the therapy of HF.Improvements in risk management and cardiovascular inter-vention have significantly reduced age-specific cardiovascular disease-related mortality.In contrast,the rate of HF-related hospitalisations has increased over the past decades and HF is a disease with highest social and economic cost in industrialized countries.HF is defined as impairment of the heart’s blood pumping function and its severity is assessed based on ejection fraction.HF often occurs after myocardial infarction(MI),with infarct size and quality of ventricular remodeling after MI influencing ventricular dysfunctions.Causes of HF also include hypertension,atrial fibrillation,and cardiomyopathies(Fig.1).Especially elderly patients with recurrent MI and comorbidities are increasingly presenting with signs of HF.