Fungi provide ecological and environmental services to humans, as well as health and nutritional benefits, and are vital to numerousindustries. Fermented food and beverage products from fungi are circulating in the ma...Fungi provide ecological and environmental services to humans, as well as health and nutritional benefits, and are vital to numerousindustries. Fermented food and beverage products from fungi are circulating in the market, generating billions of USD.However, the highest potential monetary value of fungi is their role in blue carbon trading because of their ability to sequesterlarge amounts of carbon in the soil. There are no conclusive estimates available on the global monetary value of fungi, primarilybecause there are limited data for extrapolation. This study outlines the contribution of fungi to the global economy and providesa first attempt at quantifying the global monetary value of fungi. Our estimate of USD 54.57 trillion provides a starting point thatcan be analysed and improved, highlighting the significance of fungi and providing an appreciation of their value. This paperidentifies the different economically valuable products and services provided by fungi. By giving a monetary value to all importantfungal products, services, and industrial applications underscores their significance in biodiversity and conservation. Furthermore,if the value of fungi is well established, they will be considered in future policies for effective ecosystem management.展开更多
Fungi are an understudied,biotechnologically valuable group of organisms.Due to the immense range of habitats that fungi inhabit,and the consequent need to compete against a diverse array of other fungi,bacteria,and a...Fungi are an understudied,biotechnologically valuable group of organisms.Due to the immense range of habitats that fungi inhabit,and the consequent need to compete against a diverse array of other fungi,bacteria,and animals,fungi have developed numerous survival mechanisms.The unique attributes of fungi thus herald great promise for their application in biotechnology and industry.Moreover,fungi can be grown with relative ease,making production at scale viable.The search for fungal biodiversity,and the construction of a living fungi collection,both have incredible economic potential in locating organisms with novel industrial uses that will lead to novel products.This manuscript reviews fifty ways in which fungi can potentially be utilized as biotechnology.We provide notes and examples for each potential exploitation and give examples from our own work and the work of other notable researchers.We also provide a flow chart that can be used to convince funding bodies of the importance of fungi for biotechnological research and as potential products.Fungi have provided the world with penicillin,lovastatin,and other globally significant medicines,and they remain an untapped resource with enormous industrial potential.展开更多
基金the Thailand Science Research and Innovation grant“Macrofungi diversity research from the Lancang-Mekong Watershed and surrounding areas”(Grant No.DBG6280009)the National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)grant“Total fungal diversity in a given forest area with implications towards species numbers,chemical diversity and biotechnology”(Grant No.N42A650547+1 种基金We thank the Mushroom Research Foundation,Chiang Rai,Thailand for supporting the Ph.D studies of A.G.Niego.Niego would like to acknowledge the Mae Fah Luang University Thesis/Dissertation Support Grant(Reference No.Oh 7702(6)/49)EC-G was supported by the HZI POF IV Cooperativity and Creativity Project Call and CL was funded by a PhD stipend of the Life Science Foundation,Munich.
文摘Fungi provide ecological and environmental services to humans, as well as health and nutritional benefits, and are vital to numerousindustries. Fermented food and beverage products from fungi are circulating in the market, generating billions of USD.However, the highest potential monetary value of fungi is their role in blue carbon trading because of their ability to sequesterlarge amounts of carbon in the soil. There are no conclusive estimates available on the global monetary value of fungi, primarilybecause there are limited data for extrapolation. This study outlines the contribution of fungi to the global economy and providesa first attempt at quantifying the global monetary value of fungi. Our estimate of USD 54.57 trillion provides a starting point thatcan be analysed and improved, highlighting the significance of fungi and providing an appreciation of their value. This paperidentifies the different economically valuable products and services provided by fungi. By giving a monetary value to all importantfungal products, services, and industrial applications underscores their significance in biodiversity and conservation. Furthermore,if the value of fungi is well established, they will be considered in future policies for effective ecosystem management.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.XDB31000000Naritsada Thongklang would like to thank Thailand research fund grants“Study of saprobic Agaricales in Thailand to find new industrial mushroom products”(Grant No.DBG6180015)+10 种基金Mae Fah Luang University grant“Optimal conditions for domestication and biological activities of selected species of Ganoderrma”(Grant No.621C1535)K.D.Hyde and Naritsada Thongklang would like to thanks to Thailand research fund grants“Domestication and bioactive evaluation of Thai Hymenopellis,Oudemansiella,Xerula and Volvariella species(basidiomycetes)”(Grant No.DBG6180033)K.D.Hyde thanks the financial support from the Visiting Professor grant at Chiang Mai University,Thailand and KIB.The authors acknowledge the contribution of M.M.Vasanthakumari,K.M.Manasa and P.Rajani,in various stages of preparation of the manuscript.Samantha C.Karunarathna thanks CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(Number 2018PC0006)the National Science Foundation.Associate Professor R Jeewon thanks University of Mauritius for support.Binu C.Samarakoon offers her sincere gratitude to the“National Research Council of Thailand”(NRCT Grant No.256108A3070006)for the financial supportPeter E Mortimer would like to thank the National Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences for financial support under the following Grants:41761144055,41771063,Y4ZK111B01M.Doilom would like to thank Chiang Mai University,the 5th batch of Postdoctoral Orientation Training Personnel in Yunnan Province and the 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.T.S.Suryanarayanan thanks the United States-India Educational Foundation(USIEF)New Delhi and the Fulbright Scholar Program(USA)for the award of a Fulbright-Nehru Senior Researcher grant to conduct research in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,The Ohio State University,USA.Thanks to Research and Researchers for Industries Grant(PHD57I0015)for financial support to Boontiya Chuankid.Birthe Sandargo is grateful to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)for a PhD grant.Clara Chepkirui is indebted to a PhD stipend from the German Academic Exchange Service(DAAD)and the Kenya National Council for Science and Technology(NACOSTI)Kevin D Hyde would also like to thank the National Research Council of Thailand grants Thailands’Fungal Diversity,Solving Problems and Creating Biotechnological Products(Grant No.61201321016)This work is partly supported by the Department of Biotechnology,Government of India,New Delhi(Chemical Ecology of the North East Region(NER)of India:A collaborative programme Linking NER and Bangalore ResearchersDBT-NER/Agri/24/2013)and Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR-CAAST-Project F.No./NAHEP/CAAST/2018-19)Government of India,New Delhi.
文摘Fungi are an understudied,biotechnologically valuable group of organisms.Due to the immense range of habitats that fungi inhabit,and the consequent need to compete against a diverse array of other fungi,bacteria,and animals,fungi have developed numerous survival mechanisms.The unique attributes of fungi thus herald great promise for their application in biotechnology and industry.Moreover,fungi can be grown with relative ease,making production at scale viable.The search for fungal biodiversity,and the construction of a living fungi collection,both have incredible economic potential in locating organisms with novel industrial uses that will lead to novel products.This manuscript reviews fifty ways in which fungi can potentially be utilized as biotechnology.We provide notes and examples for each potential exploitation and give examples from our own work and the work of other notable researchers.We also provide a flow chart that can be used to convince funding bodies of the importance of fungi for biotechnological research and as potential products.Fungi have provided the world with penicillin,lovastatin,and other globally significant medicines,and they remain an untapped resource with enormous industrial potential.
