Invasive fungal diseases(IFD)impact morbidity,mortality,hospital stay and healthcare costs in critically ill patients,constituting an unmet medical need.1 Pathogenic fungi rarely cause IFD in immunocompetent individua...Invasive fungal diseases(IFD)impact morbidity,mortality,hospital stay and healthcare costs in critically ill patients,constituting an unmet medical need.1 Pathogenic fungi rarely cause IFD in immunocompetent individuals but become life-threatening in cases of immunodeficiency,young infants,disrupted mucosal barriers or polyantibiotic therapy,highlighting the role of immune surveillance in IFD control.^(2)展开更多
Type 1 diabetes(T1D),also referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,is a debilitating disease that follows the destruction of pancreatic insulin-producingβcells by autologous T-cells.T1D primarily affects ch...Type 1 diabetes(T1D),also referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,is a debilitating disease that follows the destruction of pancreatic insulin-producingβcells by autologous T-cells.T1D primarily affects children and has a strong genetic component,with>50 susceptibility loci identified,including HLA-DQβchains.1 However,the striking differences between European regions with similar genetic backgrounds and a sharp rise in T1D incidence in developed countries over the last several decades suggest that environmental factor(s)also play a relevant etiopathogenic role.2 Given the accumulating evidence linking the gut microbiota to protection against metabolic diseases,3 Mariño et al.4 recently tested the hypothesis that short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),which are the end products of fermentation of dietary fibers by anaerobic intestinal microbiota,can protect genetically susceptible mice from developing T1D.Interestingly,the authors found that diets enriched in acetate or butyrate(two of the main SCFAs)can protect animals from developing diabetes through different and complementary cellular mechanisms.Such findings significantly enhance our understanding of the role of diet and gut microbiota in the development of autoimmune diseases and indicate that the use of medicinal foods may be a cost-effective treatment against T1D and other autoimmune diseases with a cellular component.Given that current anti-T1D approaches(which focus on prevention or modulation of the adaptive specific immune response against autoantigens)have been generally disappointing,5 such a new and refreshing strategy has attracted a great deal of attention(reviewed in Ref.2).展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad(SAF-2016-80535-R)co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund“A way to achieve Europe”to F.L.M.V.-d-A.,C.C.,S.C.-L.,I.S.,and E.C.are recipients of fellowships from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad(BES-2014-069237+4 种基金BES-2017-082107)the Ministerio de Educación Cultura y Deporte(FPU15/02897)the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(SFRH/BD/75738/2011and the European Community Seventh Framework Program(BIOTRACK,FP7/2007/2013229673).
文摘Invasive fungal diseases(IFD)impact morbidity,mortality,hospital stay and healthcare costs in critically ill patients,constituting an unmet medical need.1 Pathogenic fungi rarely cause IFD in immunocompetent individuals but become life-threatening in cases of immunodeficiency,young infants,disrupted mucosal barriers or polyantibiotic therapy,highlighting the role of immune surveillance in IFD control.^(2)
基金The work by FL is supported by grants from the Worldwide Cancer Research(14-1275)FundacióLa MaratóTV3(201319-30)and Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad(Plan Nacional I+D+i,SAF2013-46151-R and SAF2016-80535-R)-co-financed by European Development Regional Fund‘A way to achieve Europe’ERDF.FA holds Sara Borrell(CD15/00016)and M-AES(MV16/00002)fellowships from Instituto de Salud Carlos III.TA is supported by the Cultural Mission of the Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia(Qassim University).
文摘Type 1 diabetes(T1D),also referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,is a debilitating disease that follows the destruction of pancreatic insulin-producingβcells by autologous T-cells.T1D primarily affects children and has a strong genetic component,with>50 susceptibility loci identified,including HLA-DQβchains.1 However,the striking differences between European regions with similar genetic backgrounds and a sharp rise in T1D incidence in developed countries over the last several decades suggest that environmental factor(s)also play a relevant etiopathogenic role.2 Given the accumulating evidence linking the gut microbiota to protection against metabolic diseases,3 Mariño et al.4 recently tested the hypothesis that short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),which are the end products of fermentation of dietary fibers by anaerobic intestinal microbiota,can protect genetically susceptible mice from developing T1D.Interestingly,the authors found that diets enriched in acetate or butyrate(two of the main SCFAs)can protect animals from developing diabetes through different and complementary cellular mechanisms.Such findings significantly enhance our understanding of the role of diet and gut microbiota in the development of autoimmune diseases and indicate that the use of medicinal foods may be a cost-effective treatment against T1D and other autoimmune diseases with a cellular component.Given that current anti-T1D approaches(which focus on prevention or modulation of the adaptive specific immune response against autoantigens)have been generally disappointing,5 such a new and refreshing strategy has attracted a great deal of attention(reviewed in Ref.2).
