With a population of 1.35 billion to feed in 2018, innovations in Indian agriculture all along the value chains are critical to develop sustainable, productive and profitable agriculture. In this brief paper, focus is...With a population of 1.35 billion to feed in 2018, innovations in Indian agriculture all along the value chains are critical to develop sustainable, productive and profitable agriculture. In this brief paper, focus is laid on innovations in various production technologies, farming practices, policies and institutional engineering that had significant impact in raising production and have been termed as revolutionary. For instance, Green Revolution is identified with significant changes in production of wheat and rice;White Revolution in milk;Blue Revolution in fisheries;Red Revolution in poultry meat and eggs;Golden Revolution in fruits and vegetables;Gene Revolution in cotton. The paper not only looks at these innovations and their impact in the past, but also peeps into innovations that are currently unfolding in other inputs in production processes such as in water use (irrigation), fertilizers usage, maintaining soil health, using farm machinery optimally in a small holder dominated agriculture. The key message of this paper is what can be achieved with small holders when innovations that are science based and are backed by right policies, are adopted.展开更多
India is one of the fastest growing markets in the world.Among the various sectors contributing to the growth of the economy,food is one of the fastest growing sectors owing to factors such as a large population base,...India is one of the fastest growing markets in the world.Among the various sectors contributing to the growth of the economy,food is one of the fastest growing sectors owing to factors such as a large population base,rising middle-class,increase in per-capita income,and greater consumer awareness.Demand for imported food products is increasing due to factors such as reduction in tariffs,changes in consumer preferences and growing adaptability to international cuisine.Several initiatives have been taken by the Indian government in recent years to improve the ease of doing business and reduce the compliance burden through use of technology.Despite these initiatives,India’s ranking compared to other countries in some selective indicators such as documentary and border compliance and logistics performance is quite low.To improve ease of doing business,reduce cost and time taken in importing food products,and improve India’s ranking in logistics performance indicators,there is an urgent need for backend process and information technology(IT)integration across the agencies involved in the import clearance process.Given this background,the objective of this paper is to(a)provide an overview of the food import clearance process in India,(b)identify issues in the import process and(c)make recommendations on how to streamline the process using technology and automation.The paper is based on a survey of key stakeholders engaged in the food import clearance process.Based on a primary survey of 150 stakeholders in the United Kingdom and India,this paper finds that while India is an attractive market for importing food;low penetration of technology in the food import clearance process,lack of inter-agency coordination,and lack of risk management systems impedes the ease of importing food products into India.This paper recommends that in order to enhance ease of doing business,especially for SMEs,there is need to reduce procedural barriers by implementing technology and automation-oriented solutions,and a robust risk management system.In addition,there is a need to conduct continuous regulatory impact analysis to assess the time and cost reduction in importing food into India.展开更多
This paper discusses how India and Association of Southeast Asian Nations （ASEAN） countries can increase their trade in organic food products. With rise in demand for organic food products globally, India and select...This paper discusses how India and Association of Southeast Asian Nations （ASEAN） countries can increase their trade in organic food products. With rise in demand for organic food products globally, India and select ASEAN member countries have become key producers and exporters of organic food products. Trade in organic food products is governed by regulations, standards, certification and accreditation procedures, which enables differentiation of organic products from conventional products. Organic standards ensure premium price for the farmers and producers, while consumers are assured of authenticity of the product. Standards can act as a barrier to trade as regulations governing organic food products can vary across countries. Some countries are also in process of developing regulations. This paper discusses the role of different multilateral agencies in designing standards and how countries can address issues of difference in standards by signing unilateral and bilateral equivalence arrangements, trade agreements and harmonizing their standards within regional groups. It also discusses how India and ASEAN countries can align their domestic regulations in line with the global best practices so that they can sign equivalence arrangements to enhance their exports. The paper concludes that measures such as coming up with a comprehensive definition of ＂organic＂, having a uniform standard for organic products encompassing domestic market and trade, having a single nodal agency for both domestic market and exports, developing organic clusters and reducing the cost of third-party certification will help enhance trade in India and ASEAN, and enable these countries to access third country markets.展开更多
This paper investigates the extent of competition between China and lndia in the world and ASEAN markets. The analysis is undertaken using the concept of revealed comparative advantage, relative market shares, long-te...This paper investigates the extent of competition between China and lndia in the world and ASEAN markets. The analysis is undertaken using the concept of revealed comparative advantage, relative market shares, long-term trend analysis and statistical tests of convergence. In the context of the ASEAN market the evaluation of competition between India and China has been undertaken with special reference to the prior implementation of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area relative to the ASEAN-India Free Trade Area. The results suggest that threat perceptions at the product level might currently prevail for both economies from each other across all sectors in both markets even though the intensity of the competitive threat varies across products. However, long-term trend analysis shows that the patterns of comparative advantage of India and China are evolving along divergent paths and, therefore, competition between the two economies might not be a major issue.展开更多
文摘With a population of 1.35 billion to feed in 2018, innovations in Indian agriculture all along the value chains are critical to develop sustainable, productive and profitable agriculture. In this brief paper, focus is laid on innovations in various production technologies, farming practices, policies and institutional engineering that had significant impact in raising production and have been termed as revolutionary. For instance, Green Revolution is identified with significant changes in production of wheat and rice;White Revolution in milk;Blue Revolution in fisheries;Red Revolution in poultry meat and eggs;Golden Revolution in fruits and vegetables;Gene Revolution in cotton. The paper not only looks at these innovations and their impact in the past, but also peeps into innovations that are currently unfolding in other inputs in production processes such as in water use (irrigation), fertilizers usage, maintaining soil health, using farm machinery optimally in a small holder dominated agriculture. The key message of this paper is what can be achieved with small holders when innovations that are science based and are backed by right policies, are adopted.
文摘India is one of the fastest growing markets in the world.Among the various sectors contributing to the growth of the economy,food is one of the fastest growing sectors owing to factors such as a large population base,rising middle-class,increase in per-capita income,and greater consumer awareness.Demand for imported food products is increasing due to factors such as reduction in tariffs,changes in consumer preferences and growing adaptability to international cuisine.Several initiatives have been taken by the Indian government in recent years to improve the ease of doing business and reduce the compliance burden through use of technology.Despite these initiatives,India’s ranking compared to other countries in some selective indicators such as documentary and border compliance and logistics performance is quite low.To improve ease of doing business,reduce cost and time taken in importing food products,and improve India’s ranking in logistics performance indicators,there is an urgent need for backend process and information technology(IT)integration across the agencies involved in the import clearance process.Given this background,the objective of this paper is to(a)provide an overview of the food import clearance process in India,(b)identify issues in the import process and(c)make recommendations on how to streamline the process using technology and automation.The paper is based on a survey of key stakeholders engaged in the food import clearance process.Based on a primary survey of 150 stakeholders in the United Kingdom and India,this paper finds that while India is an attractive market for importing food;low penetration of technology in the food import clearance process,lack of inter-agency coordination,and lack of risk management systems impedes the ease of importing food products into India.This paper recommends that in order to enhance ease of doing business,especially for SMEs,there is need to reduce procedural barriers by implementing technology and automation-oriented solutions,and a robust risk management system.In addition,there is a need to conduct continuous regulatory impact analysis to assess the time and cost reduction in importing food into India.
文摘This paper discusses how India and Association of Southeast Asian Nations （ASEAN） countries can increase their trade in organic food products. With rise in demand for organic food products globally, India and select ASEAN member countries have become key producers and exporters of organic food products. Trade in organic food products is governed by regulations, standards, certification and accreditation procedures, which enables differentiation of organic products from conventional products. Organic standards ensure premium price for the farmers and producers, while consumers are assured of authenticity of the product. Standards can act as a barrier to trade as regulations governing organic food products can vary across countries. Some countries are also in process of developing regulations. This paper discusses the role of different multilateral agencies in designing standards and how countries can address issues of difference in standards by signing unilateral and bilateral equivalence arrangements, trade agreements and harmonizing their standards within regional groups. It also discusses how India and ASEAN countries can align their domestic regulations in line with the global best practices so that they can sign equivalence arrangements to enhance their exports. The paper concludes that measures such as coming up with a comprehensive definition of ＂organic＂, having a uniform standard for organic products encompassing domestic market and trade, having a single nodal agency for both domestic market and exports, developing organic clusters and reducing the cost of third-party certification will help enhance trade in India and ASEAN, and enable these countries to access third country markets.
文摘This paper investigates the extent of competition between China and lndia in the world and ASEAN markets. The analysis is undertaken using the concept of revealed comparative advantage, relative market shares, long-term trend analysis and statistical tests of convergence. In the context of the ASEAN market the evaluation of competition between India and China has been undertaken with special reference to the prior implementation of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area relative to the ASEAN-India Free Trade Area. The results suggest that threat perceptions at the product level might currently prevail for both economies from each other across all sectors in both markets even though the intensity of the competitive threat varies across products. However, long-term trend analysis shows that the patterns of comparative advantage of India and China are evolving along divergent paths and, therefore, competition between the two economies might not be a major issue.
