祁连造山带玉石沟地幔橄榄岩中挥发分的流体化学和稳定同位素组成及古大洋岩石圈演化意义

Fluid inclusions in olivine and orthopyroxene of mantle peridotites from the Yushigou ophiolite can be divided into three types based on decrepitation temperature,shape and distribution.Type-1 fluid inclusions are characterized by oval or negative crystal shapes and small size(<5μm across).They occur in the cores and mantles of the host crystals,and decrepitated at>840℃.Type- 2 fluid inclusions have irregular or tabular shapes with relatively large size(10～100μm in length).They occur in irregular or circular healed micro-fractures in the host crystals,and decrepitated at 612～710℃.Type-3 fluid inclusions have size and shape,similar to type-2 fluid inclusions but occur in micro-fractures restricted to the margins of the host crystals,and decrepitated at much lower temperature from 190℃to 340℃.The three different types of fluid inclusions are interpreted to represent primary,metasomatic (pseudo-secondary)and secondary inclusions,respectively.Stepwise heating reveals three concentration peaks of volatiles at 200～400℃,400～800℃and 800～1200℃released from olivine and orthopyroxene in harzburgite and dunite from the Yushigou ophiolite, which are considered to correspond to the decrepitation of secondary,metasomatic and primary fluid inclusions at similar temperature ranges.CO2 is a major constituent in the volatiles released at three different temperature intervals.Trace amounts of H_2 and N_2 are present in the volatiles released at<800℃and trace amounts of H_2O and SO_2 are mainly present in the volatiles at 400～800℃.TheδD(-95.2‰,-306.3‰)of H_2O and theδ^(13)C(-15.5～-12.5‰)andδ^(18)O values(1.4～1.9‰)of CO_2 released at<800℃are lower than normal mantle values and suggest the mixing origin of crustal fluids( sedimentary organic)with ocean water,implying that Yushigou AOLM had undergone an intensive metasomatism by a fluid composed of CO_2.H_2O and SO_2,and followed by degassing. In contrast,the volatiles released at 800～1200℃are characterized by trace amounts of H_2 and CO in dunite and SO_2 in harzburgite, much lighterδ^(13)C(-29.1‰～-19.5‰),heavierδ^(13)O(8.8‰)of CO_2 and positive relationship between these isotopic ratios and the concentration of CO_2.Such features can be best explained by mixing of significant terrestrial crustal(organic)and minor mantle volatiles.We proposed that the Yishigou peridotites are more likely to have derived from a continental lithosphere instead of an oceanic lithosphere comprising the Yishigou gabbros and pillowed basalts.A supra-subduction tectonic setting is thus inferred for the Yushigou ophiolite.

Does Helicobacter pylori infection play a role in iron deficiency anemia? A meta-analysis

AIM:To perform a meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on the association between Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)and iron deficiency anemia(IDA).METHODS:A defined search strategy was used to search Medline,Embase,the Cochrane Library,Clinical Trials,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Premedline and Healthstar.Odds ratio(OR)was used to evaluate observational epidemiology studies,and weighted mean difference(WMD)was used to demonstrate the difference between control and intervention groups.RESULTS:Fifteen observational studies and 5 RCTs were identified and used for calculation.The pooled OR for observational studies was 2.22(95%CI:1.52-3.24,P<0.0001).The WMD for hemoglobin(HB) was 4.06 g/L(95%CI:-2.57-10.69,P=0.01),and the WMD for serum ferritin(SF)was 9.47μg/L(95%CI:-0.50-19.43,P<0.0001).Results were heterogeneous for all comparisons.CONCLUSION:This meta-analysis on observational studies suggests an association between H.pylori and IDA.In RCTs,eradication of H.pylori can improve HB and SF levels but not significantly.

美国成年人中谷丙转氨酶不明原因的升高与血清瘦素之间的关系:结果来自第三次国家健康和营养调查报告(NHANESⅢ)

Introduction: There has been an interest to explore whether serum leptin plays any role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the relationship between unexplained elevations in ALT and serum leptin in NHANES III participants. Methods: A total of 6343 adults who had fasting serum leptin and ALT measured as part of NHANES III constituted our study group. From this database, we have constructed cohorts of patients with unexplained elevations in ALT according to published criteria and compared their serum leptin levels to matched controls without liver disease and matched controls with hepatitis C. Leptin was also compared between patients with unexplained elevations in ALT with and without metabolic syndrome. Results: Serum leptin in 288 patients with unexplained elevations in ALT was 13.3 ±9.9 ng/mL and was not significantly different than 720 controls without liver disease (13.6 ±11.9 ng/mL, P = 0.6). Serum leptin in another group of patients with unexplained elevations in ALT and hepatitis C controls was also not significantly different (8.0 ±4.8 vs. 8.8 ±7.4 ng/mL, respectively, P = 0.5). There was no independent relationship between the presence of metabolic syndrome and serum leptin in individuals with unexplained elevations in ALT (P = 0.8). Conclusions: Individuals with unexplained elevations in ALT did not have higher levels of serum leptin than the matched controls. As unexplained elevations in ALT may signify the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in NHANES III participants, our data provide indirect evidence against a role for serum leptin in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

APOE对轻度认知功能损伤的影响

Objective: The authors aimed to use baseline data of an ongoing large, prospe ctive study in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to investigate the impact of APOE genotype on the symptom profile of the condition. Methods: Cognit ive assessments included the AD Assessment Scale cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) , the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and a cognitive battery for assess ment of memory, attention, and executive function. Behavioral assessments includ ed the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. Activities of d aily living were assessed by the AD Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) scale. Hippocampal volumes were measured with MRI. Results: A tota l of 494 of 1,018 study subjects provided APOE data. Approximately 40% of the subjects were APOE 4 carriers. APOE 4 carriers had lower MMSE (p = 0.01) and higher ADAS-cog (p < 0.0001) scores than noncarriers, indicating worse cognitive impairment. APOE 4 carriers also had greater deficits on New York University delayed paragraph recall and Bu schke free and cued selective reminding tests, and on the ADCS-ADL scale (p < 0.001). They also had smaller hippocampal volumes (p =0.002). Behavioral scores were similar across the subgroups. Conclusion: MCI subjects carrying the APOE 4 allele showed distinct cognitive and imaging profiles, which appeared to resembl e those of early Alzheimer patients. APOE 4 genotype was associated with greater impairments in memory and functional activities as well as hippocampal atrophy.

血液系统恶性疾病患儿的阑尾炎:分析及与盲肠炎患者的对比

Recognition of appendicitis in the child with hematologic malignancymay be difficult particularly in the setting of neutropenia and multiple medications causing an altered inflammatory response. Typhilitis may produce a similar constellation of clinical findings causing further diagnostic confusion. This review compares the relative frequency of these two conditions in children with hematologic malignancy with a focus on the clinical presentation, distinguishing features, surgical management, and outcome for patients with appendicitis. This institutional review board-approved retrospective study evaluated 464 pediatric patients treated for hematologic malignancy at our institution from 1997 to 2003. From this cohort, we identified all children with a diagnosis of appendicitis or typhilitis. Data include demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory studies, and computed tomography (CT) scan findings. Groups were compared using the Fisher exact test. Significance was defined as P <.05. Eight (1.7%) of 464 children were diagnosed with typhilitis and 7 (1.5%) with appendicitis. There were no demographic differences between patients with appendicitis and typhilitis. Distinguishing clinical features in children with typhilitis included presence of fever and diarrhea. Clinical presentation in children with appendicitis was atypical in 5 of 7 cases yielding an incorrect preoperative diagnosis in all 5. Radiographic evaluation by CT scan accurately defined typhilitis, but not appendicitis. An operation was performed on all 7 children with appendicitis with no operative morbidity or mortality. Appendicitis and typhilitis occur with similar frequency in children with leukemia and lymphoma. Typhilitis is accurately diagnosed with clinical findings of fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and typical CT scan findings. Appendicitis tends to present with atypical findings, but can be successfully managed with standard surgical care.

收缩功能不全的充血性心力衰竭患者糖尿病发病率呈不同程度升高

Background: Despite new therapies, the prevalence of heart failure continues to escalate. The prevalence of diabetes, a risk factor for heart failure, also continues to rise. To further understand the increasing prevalence of heart failure, we compared trends in the prevalence of diabetes among individuals with diagnosed heart failure versus those in the general population. Methods: Fourteen randomized trials between 1989 and 1999 including subjects with heart failure(n=34,633)were reviewed. For each trial, the enrollment date was used to estimate the yearly prevalence of diabetes among study participants with heart failure. The prevalence of diabetes in the general population was estimated based on United State’s Center for Disease Control statistics from 1989 to 1999. The prevalence of diabetes between heart failure subjects and the general population was compared using a two-sample t-test for independent samples with unequal variances. Results: The prevalence of diabetes increased from 2.6%to 4.0%from 1989 to 1999 in the general U.S. population. Among patients with heart failure, the prevalence of diabetes increased from 13%to 47%. Diabetes prevalence estimates varied significantly(p< 0.001) between the general population and individuals with heart failure during the study period. Conclusions: The rising prevalence of diabetes may partially explain the growing epidemic of heart failure. Increased efforts targeting diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors are warranted in attenuating the rising prevalence of heart failure.

食管憩室:儿童组织胞浆菌病的并发症

We report three boys, ages 8 to 14 years, who experienced dysphagia or chest pain while eating. In each patient, contrast esophagrams or esophagogastroduoden oscopy (EGD) demonstrated mid- esophageal traction diverticula, and serologic f indings were compatible with acute or recent histoplasmosis. Diverticula appear to result from esophageal traction induced by inflammatory changes in adjacent i nfected lymph nodes. Antifungal and anti- inflammatory therapies were individua lized in each case; all patients recovered fully.

生长激素补充疗法对短肠综合征患儿单独肠道内营养时间延迟的作用

Purpose: The use of growth hormone (GH) supplementation for intestinal adaptation among adult patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) has provided mixed results.This report examines the effect of GH supplementation on SBS in pediatric patients.Methods: Two girls with SBS from neonatal gastrointestinal catastrophes received exogenous GH at 0.3 mg/kg per week subcutaneously and concurrent glutamine supplementation, beginning at 6 and 61/2 years of age.Changes in growth (height and weight) and changes in enteral and parenteral energy requirements were evaluated.Results: Treatment duration was 8 and 2.5 years, respectively.Patient weights increased from the 5th to the 41st percentile and from the 17th to the 23rd percentile, respectively.Height increased from the 1st to the 57th percentile in the former patient and increased from less than the 1st to the 17th percentile in the latter.Both patients are independent of parenteral nutrition and take enteral nutrition alone.Tolerance for enteral diets was significantly improved in each girl, with only 2 stools per day maintained in one patient.Conclusions: The data show that late exogenous treatment with GH and glutamine supplementation improved growth parameters in pediatric patients with SBS.Growth hormone and glutamine supplementation may be beneficial in promoting late intestinal adaptation in pediatric patients with SBS.These data also suggest that these adjuncts may be useful in the early phases of intestinal adaptation.

ＲＥＧＵＬＡＲＩＴＹ ＲＥＳＵＬＴＳ ＦＯＲ ＬＩＮＥＡＲＥＬＬＩＰＴＩＣ ＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＳ ＲＥＬＡＴＥＤＴＯ ＴＨＥ ＰＲＩＭＩＴＩＶＥ ＥＱＵＡＴＩＯＮＳ

The authors study the regularity of soutions of the GFD-Stokes problem and of some second order linear elliptic partial differential equations related to the PrimitiveEquations of the ocean .The present work generallizes the regularity results in[18] by taking into consideraion the non- homogeneous boundary conditions and teh dependence of solutions on the thickness of the domain occupied by the ocean and its varying bottom topography. These regularity results are important tools in the study of the PEs(see e.g.[6]), and they seem also to possess their own interest.

SPECTROSCOPY OF MESONS CONTAINING TWO HEAVY QUARKS

A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned at the turn of this century, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics （QCD） and an explosion of related experimental activity. The subsequent broad spectrum of breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles had not been anticipated. In that period, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the B-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavyion collisions at RHIC opened a window on the deconfinement regime. Recently also ATLAS, CMS and LHCb started to contribute to the field. For an extensive presentation of the status of heavy quarkonium physics, the reader is referred to several reviews [1-8]. This note focuses on experimental developments in heavy quarkonium spectroscopy with very few theoretical comments. Some other comments on possible theoretical interpretations of the states not predicted by the quark model are presented in the mini-review on non qq-states.

Determination of the number of J/ψ events with J/ψ → inclusive decays

The number of J/ψ events collected with the BES detector at the BEPC from June 12 to July 28, 2009 is determined to be （225.3 ± 2.8） × 10^ 6 using J/ψ→inclusive events, where the uncertainty is the systematic error and the statistical one is negligible.

Evidence for the decays of ∧_c^+→∑^+η and ∑^+η’

We study the hadronic decays of ∧c+ to the final states ∑+η and ∑+η’,using an e+e-annihilation data sample of 567 pb-1 taken at a center-of-mass energy of 4.6 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCⅡ collider.We find evidence for the decays ∧c+→∑+η and ∑+η’ with statistical significance of 2.5σ and 3.2σ,respectively.Normalizing to the reference decays ∧c+→∑+π0 and ∑+ω,we obtain the ratios of the branching fractions■and ■to be 0.35±0.16±0.02 and 0.86±0.34±0.04,respectively.The upper limits at the 90% confidence level are set to be■and■.Using BESIII measurements of the branching fractions of the reference decays,we determine B（∧c+→∑+η）=（0.41±0.19±0.05）%（<0.68%）and B（∧c+→∑+η’）=（1.34±0.53 ±0.19）%（<1.9%）.Here,the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.The obtained branching fraction of ∧c+→∑+η is consistent with the previous measurement,and the branching fraction of ∧c+→∑+η’ is measured for the first time.

Measurement of e^+e^-→D■ cross sections at the ψ(3770) resonance

We report new measurements of the cross sections for the production of DD final states at theψ（3770）resonance.Our data sample consists of an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb^（-1）of e~＋e^-annihilation data produced by the BEPCⅡ collider and collected and analyzed with the BESⅢ detector.We exclusively reconstruct three D^0and six D~＋hadronic decay modes and use the ratio of the yield of fully reconstructed DD events（“double tags”）to the yield of all reconstructed D or D mesons（“single tags”）to determine the number of D^0 D^0and D~＋D^-events,benefiting from the cancellation of many systematic uncertainties.Combining these yields with an independent determination of the integrated luminosity of the data sample,we find the cross sections to beσ（e~＋e^-→D^0D^0）=（3.615±0.010±0.038）nb andσ（e~＋e^-→D~＋D^-）=（2.830±0.011±0.026）nb,where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic,respectively.

Search for two-neutrino double-beta decay of^(136)Xe to the 0^(+)_(1)excited state of 136Ba with the complete EXO-200 dataset

A new search for two-neutrino double-beta(2νββ)decay of^(136)Xe to the 0+1 excited state of 136Ba is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset.A deep learning-based convolutional neural network is used to discriminate signal from background events.Signal detection efficiency is increased relative to previous searches by EXO-200 by more than a factor of two.With the addition of the Phase II dataset taken with an upgraded detector,the median 90%confidence level half-life sensitivity of 2νββdecay to the 0+1 state of 136Ba is 2.9×10^(24)yr using a total^(136)Xe exposure of 234.1 kg yr.No statistically significant evidence for 2νββdecay to the 0^(+)_(1)state is observed,leading to a lower limit of T2ν1/2(0^(+)→0^(+)_(1))>1.4×10^(24)yr at 90%confidence level,improved by 70%relative to the current world's best constraint.