AIM To explore the association between metacognitive beliefs, rumination and shyness in a non-clinical sample of adults. METHODS One hundred and three healthy subjects from the general population were enrolled in the ...AIM To explore the association between metacognitive beliefs, rumination and shyness in a non-clinical sample of adults. METHODS One hundred and three healthy subjects from the general population were enrolled in the study. Shyness was evaluated using the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale, rumination was assessed using the Ruminative Response Scale, metacognition was evaluated using the MetaCognitions Questionnaire 30, and anxiety levels were measured using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y. Correlation analyses, mediation models and 95% bias-corrected and accelerated(BCaCI) bootstrapped analyses were performed. Mediation analyses were adjusted for sex and anxiety. RESULTS Shyness, rumination and metacognition were significantly correlated(P < 0.05). The relationship between metacognition and shyness was fully mediated by rumination(Indirect effect: 0.20; 95% BCaCI: 0.08-0.33).CONCLUSION These findings suggest an association between metacognition and shyness. Rumination mediated the relationship between metacognition and shyness, suggesting that rumination could be a cognitive strategy for shy people. Future research should explore the relationship between these constructs in more depth.展开更多
This study investigates historical and cultural effects on one component of emotional intelligence,the ability to recognize and report on one’s emotions.This study suggests a novel influence on emotional intelligence...This study investigates historical and cultural effects on one component of emotional intelligence,the ability to recognize and report on one’s emotions.This study suggests a novel influence on emotional intelligence,an individual’s historical context.Samples of young adults,from Kyrgyzstan,former Soviet Republic in Central Asia,and the USA were assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20)(Bagby,Parker,& Taylor,1994) in 2002 and again in 2012,and in 2018.Significant historical cohort effect,significant interaction effect,and gender effects were found.展开更多
The study revealed similarities in attitudes towards freedom,responsibility,and society by comparing the responses of 47 undergraduate students from Kyrgyzstan and 47 undergraduate students from the United States usin...The study revealed similarities in attitudes towards freedom,responsibility,and society by comparing the responses of 47 undergraduate students from Kyrgyzstan and 47 undergraduate students from the United States using the method of semantic differential(Kagan,1991;Osgood,Tannenbaum,&Suci,1957/1975)and the original Concept Questionnaire.The results of the study emphasize the universality of the values of freedom and responsibility,and the attitude towards society indicates the adaptive strain characteristic of late adolescence period.展开更多
Development of new antimalarial drugs continues to be of great importance due to the resistance of the malaria parasite to currently used drugs. Glycolytic enzymes have emerged as potential targets for the development...Development of new antimalarial drugs continues to be of great importance due to the resistance of the malaria parasite to currently used drugs. Glycolytic enzymes have emerged as potential targets for the development of new drugs due to the reliance of the parasite on glycolysis for energy. In this study, molecular docking was used to study the binding of some quinoline-based drugs to the glycolytic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. The docking studies identified two potential binding sites for each ligand, one of them being the cofactor-binding site. For all ligands studied, there was the comparable binding to the cofactor-binding site as well as the secondary binding site when the cofactor was absent. All ligands showed significantly lower binding affinity than NADH for the cofactor binding site. The alternative site was the site of preference when docking was done in the presence of the cofactor. While binding to the cofactor site may support other studies suggesting potential for competitive inhibition, the fact that the binding affinities of all the ligands are significantly lower than that for NADH in this site suggests that these ligands will be ineffective competitive inhibitors. The identification of an alternative binding site with comparable affinity that is not affected by the presence of the cofactor may suggest the possibility of non-competitive inhibition that requires further exploration.展开更多
The conformations of four β-amino acids in a model peptide environment were investigated using Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) methods in gas phase and with solvation. Initial structures were ob...The conformations of four β-amino acids in a model peptide environment were investigated using Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) methods in gas phase and with solvation. Initial structures were obtained by varying dihedral angles in increments of 45° in the range 0° - 360°. Stable geometries were optimized at both levels of theory with the correlation consistent double-zeta basis set with polarization functions (cc-pVDZ). The results suggest that solvation generally stabilizes the conformations relative to the gas phase and that intramolecular hydrogen bonding may play an important role in the stability of the conformations. The β3 structures, in which the R-group of the amino acid is located on the carbon atom next to the N-terminus, are somewhat more stable relative to each other than the β2 structures which have the R-group on the carbon next to the carbonyl.展开更多
文摘AIM To explore the association between metacognitive beliefs, rumination and shyness in a non-clinical sample of adults. METHODS One hundred and three healthy subjects from the general population were enrolled in the study. Shyness was evaluated using the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale, rumination was assessed using the Ruminative Response Scale, metacognition was evaluated using the MetaCognitions Questionnaire 30, and anxiety levels were measured using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y. Correlation analyses, mediation models and 95% bias-corrected and accelerated(BCaCI) bootstrapped analyses were performed. Mediation analyses were adjusted for sex and anxiety. RESULTS Shyness, rumination and metacognition were significantly correlated(P < 0.05). The relationship between metacognition and shyness was fully mediated by rumination(Indirect effect: 0.20; 95% BCaCI: 0.08-0.33).CONCLUSION These findings suggest an association between metacognition and shyness. Rumination mediated the relationship between metacognition and shyness, suggesting that rumination could be a cognitive strategy for shy people. Future research should explore the relationship between these constructs in more depth.
文摘This study investigates historical and cultural effects on one component of emotional intelligence,the ability to recognize and report on one’s emotions.This study suggests a novel influence on emotional intelligence,an individual’s historical context.Samples of young adults,from Kyrgyzstan,former Soviet Republic in Central Asia,and the USA were assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20)(Bagby,Parker,& Taylor,1994) in 2002 and again in 2012,and in 2018.Significant historical cohort effect,significant interaction effect,and gender effects were found.
基金inspired by the experience of designing and teaching interdisciplinary course“Individual Freedom and Social Responsibility:A Comparative Perspective”at the American University of Central Asia in fruitful collaboration with Dr.Ellen Hurwitz and Mary Bernadette Conde to whom we express our gratitude.We thank the Christian A.Johnson Endeavor Foundation for funding the development of this course.The authors thank the United States Agency for International Development(USAID)for the grant provided for this study.We also thank the American University of Central Asia for providing a travel grant for research meeting.We thank Brigette Adams for her invaluable support for editing this article.
文摘The study revealed similarities in attitudes towards freedom,responsibility,and society by comparing the responses of 47 undergraduate students from Kyrgyzstan and 47 undergraduate students from the United States using the method of semantic differential(Kagan,1991;Osgood,Tannenbaum,&Suci,1957/1975)and the original Concept Questionnaire.The results of the study emphasize the universality of the values of freedom and responsibility,and the attitude towards society indicates the adaptive strain characteristic of late adolescence period.
文摘Development of new antimalarial drugs continues to be of great importance due to the resistance of the malaria parasite to currently used drugs. Glycolytic enzymes have emerged as potential targets for the development of new drugs due to the reliance of the parasite on glycolysis for energy. In this study, molecular docking was used to study the binding of some quinoline-based drugs to the glycolytic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. The docking studies identified two potential binding sites for each ligand, one of them being the cofactor-binding site. For all ligands studied, there was the comparable binding to the cofactor-binding site as well as the secondary binding site when the cofactor was absent. All ligands showed significantly lower binding affinity than NADH for the cofactor binding site. The alternative site was the site of preference when docking was done in the presence of the cofactor. While binding to the cofactor site may support other studies suggesting potential for competitive inhibition, the fact that the binding affinities of all the ligands are significantly lower than that for NADH in this site suggests that these ligands will be ineffective competitive inhibitors. The identification of an alternative binding site with comparable affinity that is not affected by the presence of the cofactor may suggest the possibility of non-competitive inhibition that requires further exploration.
文摘The conformations of four β-amino acids in a model peptide environment were investigated using Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) methods in gas phase and with solvation. Initial structures were obtained by varying dihedral angles in increments of 45° in the range 0° - 360°. Stable geometries were optimized at both levels of theory with the correlation consistent double-zeta basis set with polarization functions (cc-pVDZ). The results suggest that solvation generally stabilizes the conformations relative to the gas phase and that intramolecular hydrogen bonding may play an important role in the stability of the conformations. The β3 structures, in which the R-group of the amino acid is located on the carbon atom next to the N-terminus, are somewhat more stable relative to each other than the β2 structures which have the R-group on the carbon next to the carbonyl.
