Pyroptosis represents a host-protective mechanism that promotes clearance of pathogens by initiating the recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection.In a study recently published in Nature,Deng et al.extensiv...Pyroptosis represents a host-protective mechanism that promotes clearance of pathogens by initiating the recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection.In a study recently published in Nature,Deng et al.extensively outlined a hitherto unknown role of the group A Streptococcus(GAS)-derived cysteine protease streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B(SpeB)in gasodermin A(GSDMA)cleavage as the primary step in induction of pyroptosis.As clearly shown in GSDMA-deficient mice infected with SpeBproducing GAS,this cleavage event is key to preventing the systemic spread and fatal course of GAS following local skin infection[1].展开更多
In their recent article in Nature Immunology, Wang et al. showed that influenza A virus (IAV) infection trained alveolar macrophages (AMs) for sustained antitumor immunity in the lung [1], extending the concept of tra...In their recent article in Nature Immunology, Wang et al. showed that influenza A virus (IAV) infection trained alveolar macrophages (AMs) for sustained antitumor immunity in the lung [1], extending the concept of trained immunity and pointing out benefits of viral respiratory infection in the context of pulmonary antitumor immune surveillance.展开更多
It has long been assumed that most parts of a genome and most genetic variations or SNPs are non-functional with regard to reproductive fitness.However,the collective effects of SNPs have yet to be examined by experim...It has long been assumed that most parts of a genome and most genetic variations or SNPs are non-functional with regard to reproductive fitness.However,the collective effects of SNPs have yet to be examined by experimental science.We here developed a novel approach to examine the relationship between traits and the total amount of SNPs in panels of genetic reference populations.We identified the minor alleles(MAs)in each panel and the MA content(MAC)that each inbred strain carried for a set of SNPs with genotypes determined in these panels.MAC was nearly linearly linked to quantitative variations in numerous traits in model organisms,including life span,tumor susceptibility,learning and memory,sensitivity to alcohol and anti-psychotic drugs,and two correlated traits poor reproductive fitness and strong immunity.These results suggest that the collective effects of SNPs are functional and do affect reproductive fitness.展开更多
Influenza A virus(IAV)is the causative agent of mostly mild to moderate seasonal respiratory infections and several pandemic outbreaks,the most recent of which was reported in 2009.Previous IAV pandemics were associat...Influenza A virus(IAV)is the causative agent of mostly mild to moderate seasonal respiratory infections and several pandemic outbreaks,the most recent of which was reported in 2009.Previous IAV pandemics were associated with an enormous death toll;for example,the 1918 H1N1 pandemic affected hundreds of millions of people globally and resulted in~50 million deaths.1 Microbiologic analyses of patient samples revealed a strong incidence of bacterial pathogens in fatal complications of viral infection.2 To date,many pieces of epidemiologic and experimental evidence reveal pronounced susceptibility to detrimental bacterial superinfection in IAVinfected individuals.展开更多
In addition to its physiological function in the uptake of dietary nutrients,the intestinal epithelium constitutes an essential mechanical barrier separating luminal gut content and mucosal microbiota from the inner b...In addition to its physiological function in the uptake of dietary nutrients,the intestinal epithelium constitutes an essential mechanical barrier separating luminal gut content and mucosal microbiota from the inner body.Intestinal epithelial cells(IEC)comprise the frontline of this barrier,the maintenance of which critically depends on the expression of cell-cell junction protein structures,including tight junctions,adherence junctions,desmosomes,and gap junctions,which physically bridge and seal the intercellular niche within the IEC layer.展开更多
In a recent study published in Cell,Afkhami and colleagues systematically compared different routes of vaccine delivery,origin of the vaccine platform as well as valence of the vaccine and demonstrated that the respir...In a recent study published in Cell,Afkhami and colleagues systematically compared different routes of vaccine delivery,origin of the vaccine platform as well as valence of the vaccine and demonstrated that the respiratory mucosal delivery of a trivalent chimpanzee’s adenovirus(Ad)-vectored vaccine is superior to any other of the tested conditions in inducing broadlyacting immunity and protection against current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and possibly future variants of concern(VOC).1 The ongoing global coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has forced an uniquely fast development of novel mRNA-and vector-based vaccines.展开更多
文摘Pyroptosis represents a host-protective mechanism that promotes clearance of pathogens by initiating the recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection.In a study recently published in Nature,Deng et al.extensively outlined a hitherto unknown role of the group A Streptococcus(GAS)-derived cysteine protease streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B(SpeB)in gasodermin A(GSDMA)cleavage as the primary step in induction of pyroptosis.As clearly shown in GSDMA-deficient mice infected with SpeBproducing GAS,this cleavage event is key to preventing the systemic spread and fatal course of GAS following local skin infection[1].
文摘In their recent article in Nature Immunology, Wang et al. showed that influenza A virus (IAV) infection trained alveolar macrophages (AMs) for sustained antitumor immunity in the lung [1], extending the concept of trained immunity and pointing out benefits of viral respiratory infection in the context of pulmonary antitumor immune surveillance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81171880)the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB51001 to S.Huang)the GeNeSys Consortium(to O.Goldmann and E.Medina
文摘It has long been assumed that most parts of a genome and most genetic variations or SNPs are non-functional with regard to reproductive fitness.However,the collective effects of SNPs have yet to be examined by experimental science.We here developed a novel approach to examine the relationship between traits and the total amount of SNPs in panels of genetic reference populations.We identified the minor alleles(MAs)in each panel and the MA content(MAC)that each inbred strain carried for a set of SNPs with genotypes determined in these panels.MAC was nearly linearly linked to quantitative variations in numerous traits in model organisms,including life span,tumor susceptibility,learning and memory,sensitivity to alcohol and anti-psychotic drugs,and two correlated traits poor reproductive fitness and strong immunity.These results suggest that the collective effects of SNPs are functional and do affect reproductive fitness.
文摘Influenza A virus(IAV)is the causative agent of mostly mild to moderate seasonal respiratory infections and several pandemic outbreaks,the most recent of which was reported in 2009.Previous IAV pandemics were associated with an enormous death toll;for example,the 1918 H1N1 pandemic affected hundreds of millions of people globally and resulted in~50 million deaths.1 Microbiologic analyses of patient samples revealed a strong incidence of bacterial pathogens in fatal complications of viral infection.2 To date,many pieces of epidemiologic and experimental evidence reveal pronounced susceptibility to detrimental bacterial superinfection in IAVinfected individuals.
基金DB is supported by grants from the German Research Foundation(361210922/RTG 2408 and SFB 854/A23).
文摘In addition to its physiological function in the uptake of dietary nutrients,the intestinal epithelium constitutes an essential mechanical barrier separating luminal gut content and mucosal microbiota from the inner body.Intestinal epithelial cells(IEC)comprise the frontline of this barrier,the maintenance of which critically depends on the expression of cell-cell junction protein structures,including tight junctions,adherence junctions,desmosomes,and gap junctions,which physically bridge and seal the intercellular niche within the IEC layer.
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL。
文摘In a recent study published in Cell,Afkhami and colleagues systematically compared different routes of vaccine delivery,origin of the vaccine platform as well as valence of the vaccine and demonstrated that the respiratory mucosal delivery of a trivalent chimpanzee’s adenovirus(Ad)-vectored vaccine is superior to any other of the tested conditions in inducing broadlyacting immunity and protection against current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and possibly future variants of concern(VOC).1 The ongoing global coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has forced an uniquely fast development of novel mRNA-and vector-based vaccines.
