Implicit Modality Mining: An End-to-End Method for Multimodal Information Extraction

Multimodal named entity recognition(MNER)and relation extraction(MRE)are key in social media analysis but face challenges like inefficient visual processing and non-optimal modality interaction.(1)Heavy visual embedding:the process of visual embedding is both time and computationally expensive due to the prerequisite extraction of explicit visual cues from the original image before input into the multimodal model.Consequently,these approaches cannot achieve efficient online reasoning;(2)suboptimal interaction handling:the prevalent method of managing interaction between different modalities typically relies on the alternation of self-attention and cross-attention mechanisms or excessive dependence on the gating mechanism.This explicit modeling method may fail to capture some nuanced relations between image and text,ultimately undermining the model’s capability to extract optimal information.To address these challenges,we introduce Implicit Modality Mining(IMM),a novel end-to-end framework for fine-grained image-text correlation without heavy visual embedders.IMM uses an Implicit Semantic Alignment module with a Transformer for cross-modal clues and an Insert-Activation module to effectively utilize these clues.Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on three datasets.

Designing and Implementing an Advanced Big Data Governance Platform

Contemporary mainstream big data governance platforms are built atop the big data ecosystem components,offering a one-stop development and analysis governance platform for the collection,transmission,storage,cleansing,transformation,querying and analysis,data development,publishing,and subscription,sharing and exchange,management,and services of massive data.These platforms serve various role members who have internal and external data needs.However,in the era of big data,the rapid update and iteration of big data technologies,the diversification of data businesses,and the exponential growth of data present more challenges and uncertainties to the construction of big data governance platforms.This paper discusses how to effectively build a data governance platform under the big data system from the perspectives of functional architecture,logical architecture,data architecture,and functional design.

C-V2X Equipment Identification Management and Authentication Mechanism

Cellular vehicle-to-everything(C-V2X)is the most promising V2X communication technology which can greatly improve traffic efficiency and road safety.However,when vehicles are interconnected with the surrounding radio environment,the CV2X system will face various network security risks and threats,significantly impacting on traffic and life safety.This paper proposes a novel unified identification management framework and security authentication mechanism for the C-V2X equipment based on the security problems analyses of the C-V2X system and the existing security protection schemes.This paper also presents the security analysis and evaluation for the unified identification management and authentication mechanism.A experiment system is implemented to verify feasibility and effectiveness for the proposed mechanism.

Ten Reflections on 5G

5G takes the concept of service-oriented architecture to replace the priority principle of network efficiency in the Internet to meet requirements of the industrial Internet and smart cities,such as high reliability and low latency.On the other hand,in order to adapt to the uncertainty of future business,5G features the openness of services and the Internet protocols,different from the closeness of traditional telecommunication networks.Although 5G tries to have the advantages of both the Internet and telecommunication network,its realization still faces many challenges.In this paper,ten major issues concerning 5G networking and service offering are discussed.

The Dual Iconic Features and Key Enabling Technologies of 6G

1.Introduction Since the 1980s,when the first generation(1G)of mobile networks came into being,mobile communications have been developing with the trend of a generational upgrade occurring every decade.At present,the fifth generation(5G)is in the commercial stage and the sixth generation(6G)is in the research stage.It is expected that the standardization for 6G will debut in the year 2025,and the first version for commercialization will be launched in 2030.For the purpose of better understanding 6G.

Smart City Development in China: One City One Policy

China is in a process of urbanization and is aiming at a type of people-centered urbanization. The main purpose of developing a ＂smart city＂ is to help this type urbanization and to serve the people of the city. From 2012 to 2015, China has chosen more than 300 cities or towns to be national pilot ＂smart cities.＂ These pilot smart cities are located in more than 30 provinces around China, which differ greatly in thousands ways. So we advocated ＂One City One Policy＂. In 2012, MOHURD announced 90 cities as first batch of pilot smart cities. After three years, some pilot cities achieved great progress. This paper introduces five example cities （including town, district） as five different models of China＇ s smart city development. They are- Guilin city; Yunlong demonstration zone; Panyu District; Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone; Lecong town. This paper also introduces our standardization work on smart city field at present.

Peak shrinking and interpolating for PAPR reduction in M-IFoF-based mobile fronthaul

We apply a Peak Shrinking and Interpolating(PSI)scheme to improve the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio(PAPR)performance in Multiple Intermediate-Frequency-over-Fiber(M-IFoF)based mobile fronthaul.The key idea is to detect the high peaks of the signal and shrink them,and then the shrunk peak values are interpolated into the original signal to reduce the PAPR.We also compare the PSI technique with the previous Tone-Reservation(TR)technique and Phase Pre-Distortion(PPD)technique in terms of PAPR reduction effect and computational complexity.The simulation results indicate that the PSI scheme can reduce the PAPR by more than 4.3 dB at 0.1%CCDF,which outperforms the two previous schemes with lower computational complexity.Furthermore,we find that altering M-IFoF system parameters has little effect on the performance of the PSI technique.

10 Gb/s free space optical interconnect with broadcasting capability enabled by a silicon integrated optical phased array

We have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a reconfigurable free space optical interconnect with broadcasting capability based on an eight-channel silicon integrated optical phased array.By using the silicon integrated beam steering and broadcasting device,10 Gb/s on-off keying data is transmitted over 15 cm in free space for up to three receivers located in three different cards.The experimental results show that the optical phased array can be used with broadcasting capability provided to multi-receivers in the card to card optical interconnects,which can significantly reduce device size,system complexity,and total costs.

Si-substrate LEDs with multiple superlattice interlayers for beyond 24 Gbps visible light communication

High-speed visible light communication(VLC)using light-emitting diodes(LEDs)is a potential complementary technology for beyond-5 G wireless communication networks.The speed of VLC systems significantly depends on the quality of LEDs,and thus various novel LEDs with enhanced VLC performance increasingly emerge.Among them,In Ga N/Ga N-based LEDs on a Si-substrate are a promising LED transmitter that has enabled VLC data rates beyond 10 Gbps.The optimization on the period number of superlattice interlayer(SL),which is a stressrelief epitaxial layer in a Si-substrate LED,has been demonstrated to be an effective method to improve Si-substrate LED’s luminescence properties.However,this method to improve LED’s VLC properties is barely investigated.Hence,we for the first time experimentally studied the impact of SL period number on VLC performance.Accordingly,we designed and fabricated an integrated 4×4 multichromatic Si-substrate wavelength-divisionmultiplexing LED array chip with optimal SL period number.This chip allows up to 24.25 Gbps/1.2 m VLC transmission using eight wavelengths,which is the highest VLC data rate for an In Ga N/Ga N LED-based VLC system to the best of our knowledge.Additionally,a record-breaking data rate of 2.02 Gbps over a 20-m VLC link is achieved using a blue Si-substrate LED with the optimal SL period number.These results validate the effectiveness of Si-substrate LEDs for both high-speed and long-distance VLC and pave the way for Si-substrate LED design specially for high-speed VLC applications.

A novel forecasting approach to schedule aggregated electric vehicle charging

To be able to schedule the charging demand of an electric vehicle fleet using smart charging,insight is required into different charging session characteristics of the considered fleet,including the number of charging sessions,their charging demand and arrival and departure times.The use of forecasting techniques can reduce the uncertainty about these charging session characteristics,but since these characteristics are interrelated,this is not straightforward.Remarkably,forecasting frameworks that cover all required characteristics to schedule the charging of an electric vehicle fleet are absent in scientific literature.To cover this gap,this study proposes a novel approach for forecasting the charging requirements of an electric vehicle fleet,which can be used as input to schedule their aggregated charging demand.In the first step of this approach,the charging session characteristics of an electric vehicle fleet are translated to three parameter values that describe a virtual battery.Subsequently,optimal predictor variable and hyperparameter sets are determined.These serve as input for the last step,in which the virtual battery parameter values are forecasted.The approach has been tested on a real-world case study of public charging stations,considering a high number of predictor variables and different forecasting models(Multivariate Linear Regression,Random Forest,Artificial Neural Network and k-Nearest Neighbors).The results show that the different virtual battery parameters can be forecasted with high accuracy,reaching R^(2) scores up to 0.98 when considering 400 charging stations.In addition,the results indicate that the forecasting performance of all considered models is somehow similar and that only a low number of predictor variables are required to adequately forecast aggregated electric vehicle charging characteristics.

The combined therapeutic effects of ^(131)iodinelabeled multifunctional copper sulfide-loaded microspheres in treating breast cancer

Compared to conventional cancer treatment, combination therapy based on well-designed nanoscale platforms may offer an opportunity to eliminate tumors and reduce recurrence and metastasis.In this study, we prepared multifunctional microspheres loading ^(131)I-labeled hollow copper sulfide nanoparticles and paclitaxel( ^(131)I-HCu SNPs-MS-PTX) for imaging and therapeutics of W256/B breast tumors in rats.18 F-fluordeoxyglucose(18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT) imaging detected that the expansion of the tumor volume was delayed(Po0.05) following intra-tumoral(i.t.) injection with ^(131)I-HCu SNPs-MS-PTX plus near-infrared(NIR) irradiation. The immunohistochemical analysis further confirmed the anti-tumor effect. The single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)/photoacoustic imaging mediated by ^(131)I-HCu SNPs-MS-PTX demonstrated that microspheres were mainly distributed in the tumors with a relatively low distribution in other organs. Our results revealed that ^(131)I-HCu SNPs-MS-PTX offered combined photothermal, chemo-and radio-therapies, eliminating tumors at a relatively low dose, as well as allowing SPECT/CT and photoacoustic imaging monitoring of distribution of the injected agents non-invasively. The copper sulfide-loaded microspheres, ^(131)I-HCu SNPs-MS-PTX, can serve as a versatile theranostic agent in an orthotopic breast cancer model.

Augmented reality for supporting geo-spatial planning:An open access review

Augmented reality is gaining traction across many domains.One of these is participation within geo-spatial planning projects.The interactive and three-dimensional nature of augmented reality is suitably placed to cater for a higher quality of communication and information exchange in planning processes.Thus,this research provides an overview of the use of AR in planning processes,specifically regarding the participation aspect,through an open-access systematic literature review,for which the investigation identifies 35 articles concerning the current state-of-the-art of augmented reality in planning.Findings indicate the rather limited use of augmented reality in the overall planning process due to technical limitations.Nonetheless,it shows to be a useful technology where it allows for higher user engagement and a clearer understanding among users in planning projects.Additionally,in participation,the technology offers a motivational solution and creates an overall higher acceptance and awareness of the plan,making the participants more engaged and represented in the planning process.

High-speed visible light communication systems based on Si-substrate LEDs with multiple superlattice interlayers

High-speed visible light communication(VLC),as a cutting-edge supplementary solution in 6G to traditional radio-frequency communication,is expected to address the tension between continuously increased demand of capacity and currently limited supply of radio-frequency spectrum resource.The main driver behind the high-speed VLC is the presence of light emitting diode(LED)which not only offers energy-efficient lighting,but also provides a cost-efficient alternative to the VLC transmitter with superior modulation potential.Particularly,the InGaN/GaN LED grown on Si substrate is a promising VLC transmitter to simultaneously realize effective communication and illumination by virtue of beyond 10-Gbps communication capacity and Watt-level output optical power.In previous parameter optimization of Si-substrate LED,the superlattice interlayer(SL),especially its period number,is reported to be the key factor to improve the lighting performance by enhancing the wall-plug efficiency,but few efforts were made to investigate the influence of SLs on VLC performance.Therefore,to optimize the VLC performance of Si-substrate LEDs,we for the first time investigated the impact of the SL period number on VLC system through experiments and theoretical derivation.The results show that more SL period number is related to higher signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)via improving the wall-plug efficiency.In addition,by using Levin-Campello bit and power loading technology,we achieved a record-breaking data rate of 3.37 Gbps over 1.2-m free-space VLC link under given optimal SL period number,which,to the best of our knowledge,is the highest data rate for a Si-substrate LED-based VLC system.