During 2024 Chinese New Year,the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,taking the opportunity of building the brand of"Northern Border Culture",took the chance to hold the 14th National Winter Games,and launched ...During 2024 Chinese New Year,the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,taking the opportunity of building the brand of"Northern Border Culture",took the chance to hold the 14th National Winter Games,and launched more than 1,500 featured activities in 7 categories with the theme of"Celebrating Chinese New Year with Dragons and Horses to Welcome the New Spring".Efforts were made to provide abundant product supply,give full play to the advantages of ice&snow tourism in InnerMongolia Autonomous Region,achieving in meeting the various cultural and tourist requirements of travelers,and enriching new tourist models such as"tourism+sports","tourism+folk customs","tourism+camping"and"tourism+cross-country program".展开更多
Grassland biomass is an important parameter of grassland ecosystems.The complexity of the grassland canopy vegetation spectrum makes the long-term assessment of grassland growth a challenge.Few studies have explored t...Grassland biomass is an important parameter of grassland ecosystems.The complexity of the grassland canopy vegetation spectrum makes the long-term assessment of grassland growth a challenge.Few studies have explored the original spectral information of typical grasslands in Inner Mongolia and examined the influence of spectral information on aboveground biomass(AGB)estimation.In order to improve the accuracy of vegetation index inversion of grassland AGB,this study combined ground and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)remote sensing technology and screened sensitive bands through ground hyperspectral data transformation and correlation analysis.The narrow band vegetation indices were calculated,and ground and airborne hyperspectral inversion models were established.Finally,the accuracy of the model was verified.The results showed that:(1)The vegetation indices constructed based on the ASD FieldSpec 4 and the UAV were significantly correlated with the dry and fresh weight of AGB.(2)The comparison between measured R^(2) with the prediction R^(2) indicated that the accuracy of the model was the best when using the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index(SAVI)as the independent variable in the analysis of AGB(fresh weight/dry weight)and four narrow-band vegetation indices.The SAVI vegetation index showed better applicability for biomass monitoring in typical grassland areas of Inner Mongolia.(3)The obtained ground and airborne hyperspectral data with the optimal vegetation index suggested that the dry weight of AGB has the best fitting effect with airborne hyperspectral data,where y=17.962e^(4.672x),the fitting R^(2) was 0.542,the prediction R^(2)was 0.424,and RMSE and REE were 57.03 and 0.65,respectively.Therefore,established vegetation indices by screening sensitive bands through hyperspectral feature analysis can significantly improve the inversion accuracy of typical grassland biomass in Inner Mongolia.Compared with ground monitoring,airborne hyperspectral monitoring better reflects the inversion of actual surface biomass.It provides a reliable modeling framework for grassland AGB monitoring and scientific and technological support for grazing management.展开更多
This study aims to conduct a thorough analysis of the core elements of educational innovation in Inner Mongolian universities and their mechanisms for enhancing educational quality.By examining technological applicati...This study aims to conduct a thorough analysis of the core elements of educational innovation in Inner Mongolian universities and their mechanisms for enhancing educational quality.By examining technological applications,innovative teaching models,and the educational ecosystem,this paper explores the ways in which technological empowerment enhances students’learning experiences,the impact of innovative teaching models on educational quality,and the practical outcomes of ecological innovation theory in education.Additionally,relevant recommendations are provided for the future development trends of educational innovation in Inner Mongolian universities.展开更多
With the rapid development of science and technology,higher education in Inner Mongolia is ushering in unprecedented changes.Digital and intelligent educational tools provide students with a rich learning experience b...With the rapid development of science and technology,higher education in Inner Mongolia is ushering in unprecedented changes.Digital and intelligent educational tools provide students with a rich learning experience but also create new challenges for educators.Through a questionnaire survey of 17 universities in Inner Mongolia,this study examined the stress faced by university educators in the application of technology.The results showed that educators generally experienced technostress,and the most significant stress experienced was techno-invasion.Hence,this study recommended several strategies to assist educators in adapting to technological change and ease the technostress.展开更多
Achieving land degradation neutrality(LDN)worldwide is a significant target of the Sustainable Development Goal(SDG15.3).Inner Mongolia,as a typical dryland region in northern China,has carried out several large-scale...Achieving land degradation neutrality(LDN)worldwide is a significant target of the Sustainable Development Goal(SDG15.3).Inner Mongolia,as a typical dryland region in northern China,has carried out several large-scale ecological restoration programs to combat land degradation.However,there is a lack of comprehensive assess-ment of its land degradation situation after ecological programs implementation,which is of great significance to supporting SDG15.3 in China.This study analyzed the land degradation situation using the improved SDG15.3.1 calculation framework based on fine resolution data in Inner Mongolia from 2000 to 2020,and finally compre-hensively evaluated the land status of the whole region and those subject to ecological programs.The results show that net land restoration proportion of various ecological project regions and whole region continues to increase.The scope of the Grain for Green Program(GGP)had the largest proportion of net land restoration while the Natural Reserve Program(NRP)had the lowest proportion from 2000 to 2020.The net land restoration area of Inner Mongolia during 2000-2010 and 2010-2020 was 35,800 km 2 and 65,300 km 2,respectively.Overall,Inner Mongolia has achieved statistically zero growth in land degradation under the governance of ecological restora-tion programs.Therefore,reasonable planning,well monitoring,and timely assessment of ecological restoration programs are crucial to support SDG15.3.展开更多
Variations in temperature and precipitation affect local ecosystems. Considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity exists in arid ecosystems such as desert steppes. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dy- ...Variations in temperature and precipitation affect local ecosystems. Considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity exists in arid ecosystems such as desert steppes. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dy- namics of climate and vegetation phenology in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, China using meteorological data (1961-2010) from 11 stations and phenology data (2004-2012) from 6 ecological observation stations. We also estimated the gross primary production for the period of 1982-2009 and found that the annual mean tem- perature increased at a rate of 0.47~C/decade during 1961-2010, with the last 10 years being consistently warmer than the 50 years as an average. The most significant warming occurred in winters. Annual precipitation slightly decreased during the 50-year period, with summer precipitation experiencing the highest drop in the last 10 years, and spring precipitation, a rise. Spatially, annual precipitation increased significantly in the northeastern and eastern central areas next to the typical steppe. From 2004 to 2012, vegetation green-up and senescence date advanced in the study area, shortening the growing season. Consequently, the primary productivity of the desert steppe de- creased along the precipitation gradient from southeast to northwest. Temporally, productivity increased during the period of 1982-1999 and significantly decreased after 2000. Overall, the Last decade witnessed the most dramatic climatic changes that were likely to negatively affect the desert steppe ecosystem. The decreased primary produc- tivity, in particular, decreases ecosystem resilience and impairs the livelihood of local farmers and herdsmen.展开更多
The Wurinitu molybdenum deposit,located in Honggor,Sonid Left Banner of Inner Mongolia,China,is recently discovered and is considered to be associated with a concealed fine-grained granite impregnated with molybdenite...The Wurinitu molybdenum deposit,located in Honggor,Sonid Left Banner of Inner Mongolia,China,is recently discovered and is considered to be associated with a concealed fine-grained granite impregnated with molybdenite.The wall rocks are composed of Variscan porphyritic-like biotite granite and the Lower Ordovician Wubin'aobao Formation.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the fine-grained granite reveals two stages of zircons,one were formed at 181.7±7.4 Ma and the other at 133.6±3.3 Ma.The latter age is believed to be the formation age of the fine-grained granite,while the former may reflect the age of inherited zircons,based on the morphological study of the zircon and regional geological setting.The Re-Os model age of molybdenite is 142.2±2.5 Ma,which is older than the diagenetic age of the fine-grained granite.Therefore the authors believe that the metallogenic age of the Wurinitu molybdenum deposit should be nearly 133.6±3.3 Ma or slightly later,i.e.,Early Cretaceous.Combined with regional geological background research,it is speculated that the molybdenum deposits were formed at the late Yanshanian orogenic cycle in the Hingganling-Mongolian orogenic belt,belonging to the relaxation epoch posterior to the compression and was associated with the closure of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Sea.展开更多
Determining the distributions and sources of heavy metals in soils and assessing ecological risks are fundamental tasks in the control and management of pollution in mining areas.In this study,we selected 244 sampling...Determining the distributions and sources of heavy metals in soils and assessing ecological risks are fundamental tasks in the control and management of pollution in mining areas.In this study,we selected 244 sampling sites around a typical lead(Pb)and zinc(Zn)mining area in eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China and measured the content of six heavy metals,including cuprum(Cu),Zn,Pb,arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),and chromium(Cr).The ecological risk of heavy metals was comprehensively evaluated using the Geo-accumulation index,Nemerow general pollution index,and potential ecological risk index.The heavy metals were traced using correlation analysis and principal component analysis.The results showed that the highest content of heavy metals was found in 0–5 cm soil layer in the study area.The average content of Zn,As,Pb,Cu,Cr,and Cd was 670,424,235,162,94,and 4 mg/kg,respectively,all exceeding the risk screening value of agricultural soil in China.The areas with high content of soil heavy metals were mainly distributed near the tailings pond.The study area was affected by a combination of multiple heavy metals,with Cd and As reaching severe pollution levels.The three pathways of exposure for carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks were ranked as inhalation>oral ingestion>dermal absorption.The heavy metals in the study area posed certain hazards to human health.Specifically,oral ingestion of these heavy metals carried carcinogenic risks for both children and adults,as well as noncarcinogenic risks for children.There were differences in the sources of different heavy metals.The tailings pond had a large impact on the accumulation of Cd,Zn,and Pb.The source of Cr was the soil parent material,the source of As was mainly the soil matrix,and the source of Cu was mainly the nearby Cu ore.The purpose of this study is to more accurately understand the extent,scope,and source of heavy metals pollution near a typical mining area,providing effective help to solve the problem of heavy metals pollution.展开更多
Cymbaria daurica L. is a well-known traditional Mongolian medicine, which has been used to treat diabetesrelated conditions characterized by persistent thirst and hunger, copious urination, and weight loss. We aimed t...Cymbaria daurica L. is a well-known traditional Mongolian medicine, which has been used to treat diabetesrelated conditions characterized by persistent thirst and hunger, copious urination, and weight loss. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of C. daurica extracts and phenylethanoid glycosides including verbascoside and isoacteoside on INS-1 cells. We discovered phenylethanoid glycosides from n-butanol extract with large content through extraction and separation. We continue to study the protective effects of phenylethanoid glycosides including verbascoside and isoacteoside on INS-1 cells. INS-1 cells were treated with C. daurica, cell viability assay, RNA-seq technology, superoxide dismutase activity and malonaldehyde content, quantitative real time-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to study the protective effects of C. daurica. Cell viability assay resulted that n-butanol extract and verbascoside, isoacteoside showed protective effects of C. daurica. According to the RNA-seq technology to identify the differentially expressed genes in INS-1 cells, the pathway of gene enrich the protective effect of C. daurica on oxidative stress. SOD activity and the content of MDA indicated that C. daurica could enhance the antioxidant capacity of INS-1 cells. Further investigation indicated C. daurica alleviate oxidative stress by inhibiting INS-1 cell apoptosis. C. daurica may play an anti-diabetic role by inhibiting islet cell apoptosis.展开更多
In order to amplify the complete genome of enJSRV from the strain of Inner Mongolia (enJSRV-NM), we used enJSRV-specific and JSRV-specific DNA probes in dot blot hybridization. Seven pairs of primers were designed bas...In order to amplify the complete genome of enJSRV from the strain of Inner Mongolia (enJSRV-NM), we used enJSRV-specific and JSRV-specific DNA probes in dot blot hybridization. Seven pairs of primers were designed based on Genbank sequences. Seven fragments were obtained by PCR and were cloned into the PMD19-T vectors. The recombinant plasmids were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that the genome was 7 942 bp in length and contained four overlapping open reading frames corresponding to the gag, pro, pol and env genes as well as an additional open reading frame (orf-x) that overlaps the 3' end of the pol gene. The nucleotide acid sequences of the enJSRV-NM loci were compared with the sequences of South Africa enJS56A1 strain (Accession No. AF153615) and USA JSRV21 strain (Accession No. AF105220). The nucleotide acid identities were 99.2% and 92.3% respectively. Two zinc fingers were found in the NC region in the predicted amino acid sequence. However, the YXXM motif, which is a reliable molecular marker for the infectious exogenous virus, was not found in the TM region. It was found that the enJSRV-NM region was 90%-98% identical at the amino acid level to its exogenous infectious counterparts in most of the retroviral genome. This is the first nucleotide sequence of enJSRV reported in P.R China. The resource work has provided a wide range of information useful not only for expression genomics and annotation of genomic DNA sequence, but also for further research on the clinical diagnosis of OPA.展开更多
Lakes play important roles in sustaining the ecosystem and economic development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China,but the spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of water quality in lakes so far remain uncl...Lakes play important roles in sustaining the ecosystem and economic development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China,but the spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of water quality in lakes so far remain unclear.This study aimed to identify the spatial changes in water quality and the driving factors of seven lakes(Juyanhai Lake,Ulansuhai Lake,Hongjiannao Lake,Daihai Lake,Chagannaoer Lake,Hulun Lake,and Wulannuoer Lake)across the longitudinal axis(from the west to the east)of Inner Mongolia.Large-scale research was conducted using the comprehensive trophic level index(TLI(Σ)),multivariate statistics,and spatial analysis methods.The results showed that most lakes in Inner Mongolia were weakly alkaline.Total dissolved solids and salinity of lake water showed obvious zonation characteristics.Nitrogen and phosphorus were identified as the main pollutants in lakes,with high average concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus being of 4.05 and 0.21 mg/L,respectively.The values of TLI(Σ)ranged from 49.14 to 71.77,indicating varying degrees of lake eutrophication,and phosphorus was the main driver of lake eutrophication.The lakes of Inner Mongolia could be categorized into lakes to the west of Daihai Lake and lakes to the east of Daihai Lake in terms of salinity and TLI(Σ).The salinity levels of lakes to the west of Daihai Lake exceeded those of lakes to the east of Daihai Lake,whereas the opposite trend was observed for lake trophic level.The intensity and mode of anthropogenic activities were the driving factors of the spatial patterns of lake water quality.It is recommended to control the impact of anthropogenic activities on the water quality of lakes in Inner Mongolia to improve lake ecological environment.These findings provide a more thorough understanding of the driving mechanism of the spatial patterns of water quality in lakes of Inner Mongolia,which can be used to develop strategies for lake ecosystem protection and water resources management in this region.展开更多
Land use change significantly influences soil properties. There is little information available on the long-term effects of post-reclamation from grassland to cropland on soil properties. We compared soil carbon (C)...Land use change significantly influences soil properties. There is little information available on the long-term effects of post-reclamation from grassland to cropland on soil properties. We compared soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage and related soil properties in a 50-year cultivation chronosequence of grassland in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia. Field surveys on land use changes during the period of 1955-2002 were conducted to build a chronosequence of cropland of different ages since the conversion from grassland. The results showed that soil C and N storage, soil texture, and soil nutrient contents varied with land use types and cropland ages (P〈0.01). In the 0-30 cm soil layer, the soil organic carbon (SOC) density was significantly lower in the crop- lands (3.28 kg C/m2 for C50 soil) than in the grasslands (6.32 kg C/m2). After 5, 10, 15, 20, 35, and 50 years of crop planting (years since the onset of cultivation), the SOC losses were 17%, 12%, 19%, 47%, 46%, and 48%, respec- tively, compared with the grasslands. The soil total nitrogen (TN) density of the grasslands was 65 g N/m2, and TN density of the cropland soil was 35 g N/m2 after 50 years of crop planting. Both the SOC and TN densities could be quantitatively determined by a negative exponential function of cropland age (P〈0.0001, R2=0.8528; P〈0.0001, R2=0.9637). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, pH value were decreased; and the soil bulk density and soil available potassium (AK) content, clay content, and sand content were increased since the conversion of grassland into cropland during the 50-year period. Our results show soil nutrients were higher in grassland than in cropland. The conversion of grasslands to croplands induced a loss of soil C storage and changes of related soil properties. The reclamation time of cultivated soil (cropland age) had significant effects on soil properties in the study area.展开更多
In order to clarify the geographic distribution and change of natural Larix gmelinii forest in carbon storage in Daxing'anling mountains(Great Khingan Range) in North China's Inner Mongolia, an area-irrelevant...In order to clarify the geographic distribution and change of natural Larix gmelinii forest in carbon storage in Daxing'anling mountains(Great Khingan Range) in North China's Inner Mongolia, an area-irrelevant conversion equation of biomass from timber volume in the form of B = 0.6966 V was developed by using survey data. Based on the equation, the carbon storage was estimated at 190.172 Tg, and the average carbon density was 41.659 Mg/hm^2(area 4.565 × 10~6 hm^2). Carbon stored in standing trees was predominantly distributed in mid-age and mature forests and mainly stocked in the northern part of the study area. Assuming the carbon density of intact area as the maximum value, the potential carbon storage in the entire study area would be 263.674 Tg, approximately 1.4 times of the actual level. Over the period of 1995 to 2010, the carbon storage and carbon densityincreased by 3.260 Tg and 0.224 Mg/hm^2, respectively, indicating a weak carbon sink. Comparing with China's national average level, the carbon density in this area is not as high as expected. Forest quality in terms of carbon capacity is expected to be enhanced by appropriate management schemes under the in-implementation program of forest protection.展开更多
Snow resisting capacity of vegetation is important for secondary distribution of water resources in seasonal snow areas of grassland because it affects the regeneration,growth and nutrient circulation of vegetation in...Snow resisting capacity of vegetation is important for secondary distribution of water resources in seasonal snow areas of grassland because it affects the regeneration,growth and nutrient circulation of vegetation in grassland.This study investigated vegetation characteristics(canopy height,canopy length and crown width)of Caragana microphylla Lam.(shrub)and Achnatherum splendens(Trin.)Nevski.(herb),and snow morphologies(snow depth,snow width and snow braid length)in a typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia,China in 2017.And the influence of vegetation characteristic on snow resisting capacity(the indices of bottom area of snow and snow volume reflect snow resisting capacity)was analyzed.The results showed that snow morphology depends on vegetation characteristics of shrub and herb.The canopy height was found to have the greatest influence on snow depth and the crown width had the greatest influence on snow width.The canopy length was found to have little influence on morphological parameters of snow.When the windward areas of C.microphylla and A.splendens were within the ranges of 0.0-0.5 m2 and 0.0-8.0 m2,respectively,the variation of snow cover was large;however,beyond these areas,the variation of snow cover became gradually stable.The potential area of snow retardation for a single plant was 1.5-2.5 m2 and the amount of snow resistance was 0.15-0.20 m3.The bottom area of snow and snow volume(i.e.,snow resisting capacity)of clumped C.microphylla and A.splendens was found to be 4 and 25 times that of individual plant,respectively.The results could provide a theoretical basis both for the estimation of snow cover and the establishment of a plant-based technical system for the control of windblown snow in the typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia.展开更多
Drought,which restricts the sustainable development of agriculture,ecological health,and social economy,is affected by a variety of factors.It is widely accepted that a single variable cannot fully reflect the charact...Drought,which restricts the sustainable development of agriculture,ecological health,and social economy,is affected by a variety of factors.It is widely accepted that a single variable cannot fully reflect the characteristics of drought events.Studying precipitation,reference evapotranspiration(ET_(0)),and vegetation yield can derive information to help conserve water resources in grassland ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions.In this study,the interactions of precipitation,ET_(0),and vegetation yield in Darhan Muminggan Joint Banner(DMJB),a desert steppe in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China were explored using two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)joint distribution models.Three types of Copula functions were applied to quantitatively analyze the joint distribution probability of different combinations of precipitation,ET_(0),and vegetation yield.For the precipitation–ET_(0)dry–wet type,the 2D joint distribution probability with precipitation≤245.69 mm/a or ET_(0)≥959.20 mm/a in DMJB was approximately 0.60,while the joint distribution probability with precipitation≤245.69 mm/a and ET_(0)≥959.20 mm/a was approximately 0.20.Correspondingly,the joint return period that at least one of the two events(precipitation was dry or ET_(0)was wet)occurred was 2 a,and the co-occurrence return period that both events(precipitation was dry and ET_(0)was wet)occurred was 5 a.Under this condition,the interval between dry and wet events would be short,the water supply and demand were unbalanced,and the water demand of vegetation would not be met.In addition,when precipitation remained stable and ET_(0)increased,the 3D joint distribution probability that vegetation yield would decrease due to water shortage in the precipitation–ET_(0)dry–wet years could reach up to 0.60–0.70.In future work,irrigation activities and water allocation criteria need to be implemented to increase vegetation yield and the safety of water resources in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia.展开更多
The application of molecular biology technology in the identification and quality control of Mongolian medicine is increasing gradually,and it provides a new method for identifying fake and inferior products and confu...The application of molecular biology technology in the identification and quality control of Mongolian medicine is increasing gradually,and it provides a new method for identifying fake and inferior products and confused products of Mongolian medicine.In this paper,the application and prospect of molecular biology technology(such as DNA barcoding and PCR molecular identification technique)in the identification of crude Mongolian medicine were reviewed.展开更多
Inner Mongolia gives full play to the special advantages of Intangible Cultural Heritage resources and explores effective ways to integrate Intangible Cultural Heritage with tourism,achieving in-depth,better and more ...Inner Mongolia gives full play to the special advantages of Intangible Cultural Heritage resources and explores effective ways to integrate Intangible Cultural Heritage with tourism,achieving in-depth,better and more efficient development,showing new ways to combine Intangible Cultural Heritage and tourism.展开更多
Inter-dune lake sediment cores are ideal and unavailable materials for study climate and environmental changes of arid region.The precious dating of lake sediment cores is required for carrying out high resolution cli...Inter-dune lake sediment cores are ideal and unavailable materials for study climate and environmental changes of arid region.The precious dating of lake sediment cores is required for carrying out high resolution climate and environmental changes with these cores.The Badain Jaran inter-dune lake group embedding in the sand sea is the展开更多
This article introduces the basic information about Inner Mongolia Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Park, and the practice concerning leisure agriculture; summarizes the experience obtained. Fin...This article introduces the basic information about Inner Mongolia Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Park, and the practice concerning leisure agriculture; summarizes the experience obtained. Finally, some ideas are put forth for further construction and development of leisure agriculture in science and technology park as follows: making unified layout and rational planning; integrating the local tourism resources, to establish the system of leisure agriculture; creating features of leisure agriculture in the park; establishing the brand of leisure-oriented training base in science and technology park; carrying out exploration into operation mode of leisure agriculture in the park.展开更多
Background: Bovine mastitis is the most common and costly disease of lactating cattle worldwide. Apart from milk somatic cell count(SCC) and somatic cell score(SCS), serum cytokines such as interleukin-17(IL-17...Background: Bovine mastitis is the most common and costly disease of lactating cattle worldwide. Apart from milk somatic cell count(SCC) and somatic cell score(SCS), serum cytokines such as interleukin-17(IL-17) and interleukin-4(IL-4) may also be potential indicators for bovine mastitis. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in bovine IL-17 F and IL-17 A genes on SCC, SCS and serum cytokines in Chinese Holstein and Inner-Mongolia Sanhe cattle, and to compare the m RNA expression variations of the cows with different genotypes.Results: A total of 464 lactating cows(337 Holstein and 127 Inner-Mongolia Sanhe cattle) were screened for SNPs identification and the data were analyzed using fixed effects of herd, parity, season and year of calving by general linear model procedure. The results revealed that SNP g.24392436 C > T in IL-17 F and SNP g.24345410 A > G in IL-17 A showed significant effects on SCC and IL-4 in Holstein(n = 337) and on IL-17 and IL-4 in Sanhe cattle(n = 127). The homozygous GG genotype of SNP g.24345410 A > G had significantly higher m RNA expression compared with the heterozygous AG genotype.Conclusions: The results indicate that IL-17 F and IL-17 A could be powerful candidate genes of mastitis resistance and the significant SNPs might be useful genetic markers against mastitis in both dairy and dual purpose cattle.展开更多
文摘During 2024 Chinese New Year,the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,taking the opportunity of building the brand of"Northern Border Culture",took the chance to hold the 14th National Winter Games,and launched more than 1,500 featured activities in 7 categories with the theme of"Celebrating Chinese New Year with Dragons and Horses to Welcome the New Spring".Efforts were made to provide abundant product supply,give full play to the advantages of ice&snow tourism in InnerMongolia Autonomous Region,achieving in meeting the various cultural and tourist requirements of travelers,and enriching new tourist models such as"tourism+sports","tourism+folk customs","tourism+camping"and"tourism+cross-country program".
基金This study was supported by the Basic Research Business Fee Project of Universities Directly under the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(JY20220108)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation Project(2022LHMS03006)+1 种基金the Inner Mongolia University of Technology Doctoral Research Initiation Fund Project(DC2300001284)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation Project(2021MS03082).
文摘Grassland biomass is an important parameter of grassland ecosystems.The complexity of the grassland canopy vegetation spectrum makes the long-term assessment of grassland growth a challenge.Few studies have explored the original spectral information of typical grasslands in Inner Mongolia and examined the influence of spectral information on aboveground biomass(AGB)estimation.In order to improve the accuracy of vegetation index inversion of grassland AGB,this study combined ground and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)remote sensing technology and screened sensitive bands through ground hyperspectral data transformation and correlation analysis.The narrow band vegetation indices were calculated,and ground and airborne hyperspectral inversion models were established.Finally,the accuracy of the model was verified.The results showed that:(1)The vegetation indices constructed based on the ASD FieldSpec 4 and the UAV were significantly correlated with the dry and fresh weight of AGB.(2)The comparison between measured R^(2) with the prediction R^(2) indicated that the accuracy of the model was the best when using the Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index(SAVI)as the independent variable in the analysis of AGB(fresh weight/dry weight)and four narrow-band vegetation indices.The SAVI vegetation index showed better applicability for biomass monitoring in typical grassland areas of Inner Mongolia.(3)The obtained ground and airborne hyperspectral data with the optimal vegetation index suggested that the dry weight of AGB has the best fitting effect with airborne hyperspectral data,where y=17.962e^(4.672x),the fitting R^(2) was 0.542,the prediction R^(2)was 0.424,and RMSE and REE were 57.03 and 0.65,respectively.Therefore,established vegetation indices by screening sensitive bands through hyperspectral feature analysis can significantly improve the inversion accuracy of typical grassland biomass in Inner Mongolia.Compared with ground monitoring,airborne hyperspectral monitoring better reflects the inversion of actual surface biomass.It provides a reliable modeling framework for grassland AGB monitoring and scientific and technological support for grazing management.
基金The author would like to express her heartfelt gratitude to her supervisor,Associate Professor Noraini Binti Hj.Zainal Abidin,and the entire faculty of the Faculty of Education and Liberal Studies at the City University in Malaysia.
文摘This study aims to conduct a thorough analysis of the core elements of educational innovation in Inner Mongolian universities and their mechanisms for enhancing educational quality.By examining technological applications,innovative teaching models,and the educational ecosystem,this paper explores the ways in which technological empowerment enhances students’learning experiences,the impact of innovative teaching models on educational quality,and the practical outcomes of ecological innovation theory in education.Additionally,relevant recommendations are provided for the future development trends of educational innovation in Inner Mongolian universities.
文摘With the rapid development of science and technology,higher education in Inner Mongolia is ushering in unprecedented changes.Digital and intelligent educational tools provide students with a rich learning experience but also create new challenges for educators.Through a questionnaire survey of 17 universities in Inner Mongolia,this study examined the stress faced by university educators in the application of technology.The results showed that educators generally experienced technostress,and the most significant stress experienced was techno-invasion.Hence,this study recommended several strategies to assist educators in adapting to technological change and ease the technostress.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.41991232 and 42171318)and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Achieving land degradation neutrality(LDN)worldwide is a significant target of the Sustainable Development Goal(SDG15.3).Inner Mongolia,as a typical dryland region in northern China,has carried out several large-scale ecological restoration programs to combat land degradation.However,there is a lack of comprehensive assess-ment of its land degradation situation after ecological programs implementation,which is of great significance to supporting SDG15.3 in China.This study analyzed the land degradation situation using the improved SDG15.3.1 calculation framework based on fine resolution data in Inner Mongolia from 2000 to 2020,and finally compre-hensively evaluated the land status of the whole region and those subject to ecological programs.The results show that net land restoration proportion of various ecological project regions and whole region continues to increase.The scope of the Grain for Green Program(GGP)had the largest proportion of net land restoration while the Natural Reserve Program(NRP)had the lowest proportion from 2000 to 2020.The net land restoration area of Inner Mongolia during 2000-2010 and 2010-2020 was 35,800 km 2 and 65,300 km 2,respectively.Overall,Inner Mongolia has achieved statistically zero growth in land degradation under the governance of ecological restora-tion programs.Therefore,reasonable planning,well monitoring,and timely assessment of ecological restoration programs are crucial to support SDG15.3.
基金supported by the State Key Basic Research Development Program of China (2012CB722201)the National Basic Research Program of China (31200414, 31060320, 30970504)+1 种基金the National Basic Research Program of Inner Mongolia (2009ms0603)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System
文摘Variations in temperature and precipitation affect local ecosystems. Considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity exists in arid ecosystems such as desert steppes. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dy- namics of climate and vegetation phenology in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, China using meteorological data (1961-2010) from 11 stations and phenology data (2004-2012) from 6 ecological observation stations. We also estimated the gross primary production for the period of 1982-2009 and found that the annual mean tem- perature increased at a rate of 0.47~C/decade during 1961-2010, with the last 10 years being consistently warmer than the 50 years as an average. The most significant warming occurred in winters. Annual precipitation slightly decreased during the 50-year period, with summer precipitation experiencing the highest drop in the last 10 years, and spring precipitation, a rise. Spatially, annual precipitation increased significantly in the northeastern and eastern central areas next to the typical steppe. From 2004 to 2012, vegetation green-up and senescence date advanced in the study area, shortening the growing season. Consequently, the primary productivity of the desert steppe de- creased along the precipitation gradient from southeast to northwest. Temporally, productivity increased during the period of 1982-1999 and significantly decreased after 2000. Overall, the Last decade witnessed the most dramatic climatic changes that were likely to negatively affect the desert steppe ecosystem. The decreased primary produc- tivity, in particular, decreases ecosystem resilience and impairs the livelihood of local farmers and herdsmen.
基金support by China Geological Survey (1212010911028)NSFC(40802020)+1 种基金Ministry of Land and Resources(1212010633902,1212010633903 and 121201 0711814)CUGB(GPMR 0735)
文摘The Wurinitu molybdenum deposit,located in Honggor,Sonid Left Banner of Inner Mongolia,China,is recently discovered and is considered to be associated with a concealed fine-grained granite impregnated with molybdenite.The wall rocks are composed of Variscan porphyritic-like biotite granite and the Lower Ordovician Wubin'aobao Formation.LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the fine-grained granite reveals two stages of zircons,one were formed at 181.7±7.4 Ma and the other at 133.6±3.3 Ma.The latter age is believed to be the formation age of the fine-grained granite,while the former may reflect the age of inherited zircons,based on the morphological study of the zircon and regional geological setting.The Re-Os model age of molybdenite is 142.2±2.5 Ma,which is older than the diagenetic age of the fine-grained granite.Therefore the authors believe that the metallogenic age of the Wurinitu molybdenum deposit should be nearly 133.6±3.3 Ma or slightly later,i.e.,Early Cretaceous.Combined with regional geological background research,it is speculated that the molybdenum deposits were formed at the late Yanshanian orogenic cycle in the Hingganling-Mongolian orogenic belt,belonging to the relaxation epoch posterior to the compression and was associated with the closure of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Sea.
基金supported by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Major Science and Technology Special Project (2019ZD001).
文摘Determining the distributions and sources of heavy metals in soils and assessing ecological risks are fundamental tasks in the control and management of pollution in mining areas.In this study,we selected 244 sampling sites around a typical lead(Pb)and zinc(Zn)mining area in eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China and measured the content of six heavy metals,including cuprum(Cu),Zn,Pb,arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),and chromium(Cr).The ecological risk of heavy metals was comprehensively evaluated using the Geo-accumulation index,Nemerow general pollution index,and potential ecological risk index.The heavy metals were traced using correlation analysis and principal component analysis.The results showed that the highest content of heavy metals was found in 0–5 cm soil layer in the study area.The average content of Zn,As,Pb,Cu,Cr,and Cd was 670,424,235,162,94,and 4 mg/kg,respectively,all exceeding the risk screening value of agricultural soil in China.The areas with high content of soil heavy metals were mainly distributed near the tailings pond.The study area was affected by a combination of multiple heavy metals,with Cd and As reaching severe pollution levels.The three pathways of exposure for carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks were ranked as inhalation>oral ingestion>dermal absorption.The heavy metals in the study area posed certain hazards to human health.Specifically,oral ingestion of these heavy metals carried carcinogenic risks for both children and adults,as well as noncarcinogenic risks for children.There were differences in the sources of different heavy metals.The tailings pond had a large impact on the accumulation of Cd,Zn,and Pb.The source of Cr was the soil parent material,the source of As was mainly the soil matrix,and the source of Cu was mainly the nearby Cu ore.The purpose of this study is to more accurately understand the extent,scope,and source of heavy metals pollution near a typical mining area,providing effective help to solve the problem of heavy metals pollution.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81760776)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2018ZD13)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2020MS08070)Science and technology development projects in key areas of Baotou science and technology plan (2020Z1016-3)Natural Science Foundation Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2021MS03025)。
文摘Cymbaria daurica L. is a well-known traditional Mongolian medicine, which has been used to treat diabetesrelated conditions characterized by persistent thirst and hunger, copious urination, and weight loss. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of C. daurica extracts and phenylethanoid glycosides including verbascoside and isoacteoside on INS-1 cells. We discovered phenylethanoid glycosides from n-butanol extract with large content through extraction and separation. We continue to study the protective effects of phenylethanoid glycosides including verbascoside and isoacteoside on INS-1 cells. INS-1 cells were treated with C. daurica, cell viability assay, RNA-seq technology, superoxide dismutase activity and malonaldehyde content, quantitative real time-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to study the protective effects of C. daurica. Cell viability assay resulted that n-butanol extract and verbascoside, isoacteoside showed protective effects of C. daurica. According to the RNA-seq technology to identify the differentially expressed genes in INS-1 cells, the pathway of gene enrich the protective effect of C. daurica on oxidative stress. SOD activity and the content of MDA indicated that C. daurica could enhance the antioxidant capacity of INS-1 cells. Further investigation indicated C. daurica alleviate oxidative stress by inhibiting INS-1 cell apoptosis. C. daurica may play an anti-diabetic role by inhibiting islet cell apoptosis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (Grant No. 30560108)
文摘In order to amplify the complete genome of enJSRV from the strain of Inner Mongolia (enJSRV-NM), we used enJSRV-specific and JSRV-specific DNA probes in dot blot hybridization. Seven pairs of primers were designed based on Genbank sequences. Seven fragments were obtained by PCR and were cloned into the PMD19-T vectors. The recombinant plasmids were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that the genome was 7 942 bp in length and contained four overlapping open reading frames corresponding to the gag, pro, pol and env genes as well as an additional open reading frame (orf-x) that overlaps the 3' end of the pol gene. The nucleotide acid sequences of the enJSRV-NM loci were compared with the sequences of South Africa enJS56A1 strain (Accession No. AF153615) and USA JSRV21 strain (Accession No. AF105220). The nucleotide acid identities were 99.2% and 92.3% respectively. Two zinc fingers were found in the NC region in the predicted amino acid sequence. However, the YXXM motif, which is a reliable molecular marker for the infectious exogenous virus, was not found in the TM region. It was found that the enJSRV-NM region was 90%-98% identical at the amino acid level to its exogenous infectious counterparts in most of the retroviral genome. This is the first nucleotide sequence of enJSRV reported in P.R China. The resource work has provided a wide range of information useful not only for expression genomics and annotation of genomic DNA sequence, but also for further research on the clinical diagnosis of OPA.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC3201203)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2020ZD0009)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51869014)the Open Project Program of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resources Use of the Mongolian Plateau(KF2020006)the Special Funds for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Postgraduates in Inner Mongolia University(11200-121024).
文摘Lakes play important roles in sustaining the ecosystem and economic development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China,but the spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of water quality in lakes so far remain unclear.This study aimed to identify the spatial changes in water quality and the driving factors of seven lakes(Juyanhai Lake,Ulansuhai Lake,Hongjiannao Lake,Daihai Lake,Chagannaoer Lake,Hulun Lake,and Wulannuoer Lake)across the longitudinal axis(from the west to the east)of Inner Mongolia.Large-scale research was conducted using the comprehensive trophic level index(TLI(Σ)),multivariate statistics,and spatial analysis methods.The results showed that most lakes in Inner Mongolia were weakly alkaline.Total dissolved solids and salinity of lake water showed obvious zonation characteristics.Nitrogen and phosphorus were identified as the main pollutants in lakes,with high average concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus being of 4.05 and 0.21 mg/L,respectively.The values of TLI(Σ)ranged from 49.14 to 71.77,indicating varying degrees of lake eutrophication,and phosphorus was the main driver of lake eutrophication.The lakes of Inner Mongolia could be categorized into lakes to the west of Daihai Lake and lakes to the east of Daihai Lake in terms of salinity and TLI(Σ).The salinity levels of lakes to the west of Daihai Lake exceeded those of lakes to the east of Daihai Lake,whereas the opposite trend was observed for lake trophic level.The intensity and mode of anthropogenic activities were the driving factors of the spatial patterns of lake water quality.It is recommended to control the impact of anthropogenic activities on the water quality of lakes in Inner Mongolia to improve lake ecological environment.These findings provide a more thorough understanding of the driving mechanism of the spatial patterns of water quality in lakes of Inner Mongolia,which can be used to develop strategies for lake ecosystem protection and water resources management in this region.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41165010)the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China(2007CB106806)the State Key Laboratory Fund of Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(LAPC-KF-2008-03)
文摘Land use change significantly influences soil properties. There is little information available on the long-term effects of post-reclamation from grassland to cropland on soil properties. We compared soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage and related soil properties in a 50-year cultivation chronosequence of grassland in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia. Field surveys on land use changes during the period of 1955-2002 were conducted to build a chronosequence of cropland of different ages since the conversion from grassland. The results showed that soil C and N storage, soil texture, and soil nutrient contents varied with land use types and cropland ages (P〈0.01). In the 0-30 cm soil layer, the soil organic carbon (SOC) density was significantly lower in the crop- lands (3.28 kg C/m2 for C50 soil) than in the grasslands (6.32 kg C/m2). After 5, 10, 15, 20, 35, and 50 years of crop planting (years since the onset of cultivation), the SOC losses were 17%, 12%, 19%, 47%, 46%, and 48%, respec- tively, compared with the grasslands. The soil total nitrogen (TN) density of the grasslands was 65 g N/m2, and TN density of the cropland soil was 35 g N/m2 after 50 years of crop planting. Both the SOC and TN densities could be quantitatively determined by a negative exponential function of cropland age (P〈0.0001, R2=0.8528; P〈0.0001, R2=0.9637). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, pH value were decreased; and the soil bulk density and soil available potassium (AK) content, clay content, and sand content were increased since the conversion of grassland into cropland during the 50-year period. Our results show soil nutrients were higher in grassland than in cropland. The conversion of grasslands to croplands induced a loss of soil C storage and changes of related soil properties. The reclamation time of cultivated soil (cropland age) had significant effects on soil properties in the study area.
基金supported by the National Hitech Research and Development Plan under Grant No. 2013AA122003
文摘In order to clarify the geographic distribution and change of natural Larix gmelinii forest in carbon storage in Daxing'anling mountains(Great Khingan Range) in North China's Inner Mongolia, an area-irrelevant conversion equation of biomass from timber volume in the form of B = 0.6966 V was developed by using survey data. Based on the equation, the carbon storage was estimated at 190.172 Tg, and the average carbon density was 41.659 Mg/hm^2(area 4.565 × 10~6 hm^2). Carbon stored in standing trees was predominantly distributed in mid-age and mature forests and mainly stocked in the northern part of the study area. Assuming the carbon density of intact area as the maximum value, the potential carbon storage in the entire study area would be 263.674 Tg, approximately 1.4 times of the actual level. Over the period of 1995 to 2010, the carbon storage and carbon densityincreased by 3.260 Tg and 0.224 Mg/hm^2, respectively, indicating a weak carbon sink. Comparing with China's national average level, the carbon density in this area is not as high as expected. Forest quality in terms of carbon capacity is expected to be enhanced by appropriate management schemes under the in-implementation program of forest protection.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41361012)the Postgraduate Research and Innovation Funding Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(B2018111951).
文摘Snow resisting capacity of vegetation is important for secondary distribution of water resources in seasonal snow areas of grassland because it affects the regeneration,growth and nutrient circulation of vegetation in grassland.This study investigated vegetation characteristics(canopy height,canopy length and crown width)of Caragana microphylla Lam.(shrub)and Achnatherum splendens(Trin.)Nevski.(herb),and snow morphologies(snow depth,snow width and snow braid length)in a typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia,China in 2017.And the influence of vegetation characteristic on snow resisting capacity(the indices of bottom area of snow and snow volume reflect snow resisting capacity)was analyzed.The results showed that snow morphology depends on vegetation characteristics of shrub and herb.The canopy height was found to have the greatest influence on snow depth and the crown width had the greatest influence on snow width.The canopy length was found to have little influence on morphological parameters of snow.When the windward areas of C.microphylla and A.splendens were within the ranges of 0.0-0.5 m2 and 0.0-8.0 m2,respectively,the variation of snow cover was large;however,beyond these areas,the variation of snow cover became gradually stable.The potential area of snow retardation for a single plant was 1.5-2.5 m2 and the amount of snow resistance was 0.15-0.20 m3.The bottom area of snow and snow volume(i.e.,snow resisting capacity)of clumped C.microphylla and A.splendens was found to be 4 and 25 times that of individual plant,respectively.The results could provide a theoretical basis both for the estimation of snow cover and the establishment of a plant-based technical system for the control of windblown snow in the typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia.
基金This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(2022QN04003)the Central Government to Guide Local Scientific and Technological Development(2021ZY0031).
文摘Drought,which restricts the sustainable development of agriculture,ecological health,and social economy,is affected by a variety of factors.It is widely accepted that a single variable cannot fully reflect the characteristics of drought events.Studying precipitation,reference evapotranspiration(ET_(0)),and vegetation yield can derive information to help conserve water resources in grassland ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions.In this study,the interactions of precipitation,ET_(0),and vegetation yield in Darhan Muminggan Joint Banner(DMJB),a desert steppe in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China were explored using two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)joint distribution models.Three types of Copula functions were applied to quantitatively analyze the joint distribution probability of different combinations of precipitation,ET_(0),and vegetation yield.For the precipitation–ET_(0)dry–wet type,the 2D joint distribution probability with precipitation≤245.69 mm/a or ET_(0)≥959.20 mm/a in DMJB was approximately 0.60,while the joint distribution probability with precipitation≤245.69 mm/a and ET_(0)≥959.20 mm/a was approximately 0.20.Correspondingly,the joint return period that at least one of the two events(precipitation was dry or ET_(0)was wet)occurred was 2 a,and the co-occurrence return period that both events(precipitation was dry and ET_(0)was wet)occurred was 5 a.Under this condition,the interval between dry and wet events would be short,the water supply and demand were unbalanced,and the water demand of vegetation would not be met.In addition,when precipitation remained stable and ET_(0)increased,the 3D joint distribution probability that vegetation yield would decrease due to water shortage in the precipitation–ET_(0)dry–wet years could reach up to 0.60–0.70.In future work,irrigation activities and water allocation criteria need to be implemented to increase vegetation yield and the safety of water resources in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia.
基金Supported by the"First-class Discipline"Project of Mongolian Medicine in 2021(myxylxk202122)Collaborative Innovation Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(MYYXT202005)+1 种基金Scientific Research Project for Teachers of"First-class Discipline"of Mongolian Pharmacy in 2020(myxylxkky2020-04)Million Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Medical University(YKD2018KJBW029).
文摘The application of molecular biology technology in the identification and quality control of Mongolian medicine is increasing gradually,and it provides a new method for identifying fake and inferior products and confused products of Mongolian medicine.In this paper,the application and prospect of molecular biology technology(such as DNA barcoding and PCR molecular identification technique)in the identification of crude Mongolian medicine were reviewed.
文摘Inner Mongolia gives full play to the special advantages of Intangible Cultural Heritage resources and explores effective ways to integrate Intangible Cultural Heritage with tourism,achieving in-depth,better and more efficient development,showing new ways to combine Intangible Cultural Heritage and tourism.
文摘Inter-dune lake sediment cores are ideal and unavailable materials for study climate and environmental changes of arid region.The precious dating of lake sediment cores is required for carrying out high resolution climate and environmental changes with these cores.The Badain Jaran inter-dune lake group embedding in the sand sea is the
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Project in Baotou City (2011S2009-4-42011N1001-3)
文摘This article introduces the basic information about Inner Mongolia Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Park, and the practice concerning leisure agriculture; summarizes the experience obtained. Finally, some ideas are put forth for further construction and development of leisure agriculture in science and technology park as follows: making unified layout and rational planning; integrating the local tourism resources, to establish the system of leisure agriculture; creating features of leisure agriculture in the park; establishing the brand of leisure-oriented training base in science and technology park; carrying out exploration into operation mode of leisure agriculture in the park.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31272420)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-37)+2 种基金the Fund for Basic Research from the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China(2011JS006)the National Key Technologies R&D Program(2011BAD28B02)the Program for Changjiang Scholar and Innovation Research Team in University(IRT1191)
文摘Background: Bovine mastitis is the most common and costly disease of lactating cattle worldwide. Apart from milk somatic cell count(SCC) and somatic cell score(SCS), serum cytokines such as interleukin-17(IL-17) and interleukin-4(IL-4) may also be potential indicators for bovine mastitis. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in bovine IL-17 F and IL-17 A genes on SCC, SCS and serum cytokines in Chinese Holstein and Inner-Mongolia Sanhe cattle, and to compare the m RNA expression variations of the cows with different genotypes.Results: A total of 464 lactating cows(337 Holstein and 127 Inner-Mongolia Sanhe cattle) were screened for SNPs identification and the data were analyzed using fixed effects of herd, parity, season and year of calving by general linear model procedure. The results revealed that SNP g.24392436 C > T in IL-17 F and SNP g.24345410 A > G in IL-17 A showed significant effects on SCC and IL-4 in Holstein(n = 337) and on IL-17 and IL-4 in Sanhe cattle(n = 127). The homozygous GG genotype of SNP g.24345410 A > G had significantly higher m RNA expression compared with the heterozygous AG genotype.Conclusions: The results indicate that IL-17 F and IL-17 A could be powerful candidate genes of mastitis resistance and the significant SNPs might be useful genetic markers against mastitis in both dairy and dual purpose cattle.