Smoking and Alzheimer's disease among Mongolian and Han Chinese aged 55 years and over living in the Inner Mongolia farming area of China

Residents aged 55 years or older from 27 communities and two settlements in Xilingol League of Inner Mongolia were selected for participation in an Alzheimer＇s disease epidemiological investigation from June 2008 to June 2009, including 3 259 Mongolians and 5 887 Han Chinese. The Mongolian subjects in the Alzheimer＇s disease group were at age of 55 years or older （on average）, and more of them were male, illiterate and/or had a history of coronary artery disease and/or diabetes compared with the Mongolian subjects in the non-Alzheimer＇s disease group. The Han Chinese subjects in the AIzheimer＇s disease group were at age of 55 years or older （on average） and more of them were women, illiterate and/or had a history of coronary artery disease, and less of them had a history of alcohol consumption compared with the non-Alzheimefs disease group. Non-conditional multivariate stepwise logistic regression identified that male gender, increasing age and having a history of diabetes and/or coronary heart disease were associated with higher odds of Alzheimer＇s disease among Mongolians while having an educational background was associated with lower odds （OR = 0.259, 95%C/0.174-0.386）. Among the Han Chinese subjects, male gender, increasing age and having a history of coronary heart disease and/or hypertension was associated with higher odds of Alzheimer＇s disease, while having an educational background was associated lower odds （OR = 0.271, 95%C/0.192-0.381）. The results also indicated that extremely heavy smoking may be a risk factor for Alzheimer＇s disease in Mongolian males aged over 55 years. There was no significant difference in smoking habits between the Mongolian and Han Chinese subjects with Alzheimer＇s disease.

Nomadic Features of Traditional Mongolian Furniture

Traditional Mongolian furniture is one of the necessities of Mongolian traditional furniture.In the vast Mongolian Plateau, natural grasslands and primary forests determine the nomadic life of Mongolians, Mongolian yurt is their main residence. The above conditions contribute to the types and nomadic features of traditional Mongolian furniture. Most traditional Mongolian furniture has a box-like structure, and the nomadic features are reflected in the following aspects: made of local materials; small size for the application in Mongolian yurt; demountable and foldable for the convenience of transportation,because Mongolians have to move to different grasslands for grazing; the furniture parts is bulky for frequent transportation; and colored drawing and carved furniture enrich the life color.

乙醇-空气燃烧的大涡模拟及其实验验证(英文)

Large-eddy simulation of spray combustion is under its rapid development.Different combustion models were used by different investigators.However,these models are less validated by detailed experimental data.In this paper,large-eddy simulation(LES)of ethanol spray-air combustion was made using an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach,a subgrid-scale kinetic energy stress model,and a filtered finite-rate combustion model,neglecting the sub-grid scale reaction rate.The simulation results are compared with experimental dada in the literature and validated in detail.The LES obtained statistically averaged gas temperature is in much better agreement with the experimental results than Reynolds averaged(RANS)modeling using the most complex probability density function(PDF)equation combustion model.The instantaneous LES results show the coherent structures of the shear region near the high-temperature flame zone and the fuel vapor concentration map,indicating that the droplets are concentrated in this shear region.The instantaneous temperature,oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration maps show the close interaction between the coherent structures and the combustion reaction.

Comprehensive Assessment on Tourism Eco-environment of Gansu Province Based on Spatial Data

The article studies tourism eco-environment of 14 cities of Gangsu Province, China, based on GIS with many kinds of multi-subject spatial database, such as remote sensing data, observation data and literature data. The research results were as follows. First, spatial features of 14 cities' tourism eco-environment are displayed with five levels of vulnerability respectively. The vulnerability in Gansu becomes worse from Gannan City, located in southern Gansu to Hexi Corridor which lies in northwestern Gansu. Second, the areas of above the middle vulnerability level make up 75% of the total areas of Gansu Province. Third, more than 70% of high-level human and natural tourism resources are in the areas with high vulnerability eco-environment. Fourth, it is crucial to develop comprehensive tourism industry in order to improve the harmonious development between tourism industry and eco-environment in Gansu Province.

THE THIRD ORDER COHOMOLOGY CYCLE FOR GAUGE GROUP AND THE ANOMALOUS ASSOCIATIVE LAW FOR GAUGE TRANSFORMATION

This note shows that the nontrivial third order cohomology cycle for gauge group implies the existence of anomalous associative law and consequently anomaly for Jacobi identity.

Crystal Structure of Ni_(50)Mn_(29)Ga_(21)Tb_(1.2) Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy at Room Temperature

Martensitic transformations, martensitic structures and substructures of Ni50Mn29Ga21Tb1.2 shape memory alloy were studied by DTA, X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction. The results show that the mainly phase at room temperature has body-centred tetragonal structure with the lattice parameters ： a = b = 0.60 ran, c = 0.5546 nm; and has body-centred monoclinic with lattice parameters： a =0.616 nm, b =0.581 nm, c = 0.553 nm, β = 90.8° in some tiny area. The substructures of Ni50Mn29Ga21Tb1.2 at room temperature are twin.

Silica-based 71-channel arrayed waveguide grating

Silica-based 71-channle AWGs with 0.4 nm (50 GHz) channel spacing at 1.544 5 μm have been designed and fabricated by using silica-based waveguide.Theoretical simulation and experimental results are given and compared.The test results show that the fiber-to-fiber insertion loss ranges from 3.5 dB to 7.1 dB for central and peripheral output ports,respectively,the total crosstalk level is better than -32 dB,3 dB bandwidth is 25 GHz and polarization dependence loss(PDL) within 3 dB bandwidth is less than 0.5 dB,which agrees well with the simulation results.

Power-Law Exponent for Exponential Growth Network

The question of the power-law exponent of exponential growth networks is studied here.In a discrete case,the degree distribution is defined as the probability distribution of the discrete variable.Based on this,the degree distribution of the pseudofractal scale-free web,an exponential growth network,is obtained.The power-law exponent ln3/ln2 is analyzed according to the maximum likelihood principle.It satisfies consistency and is good for small generations of the network.For many exponential growth networks,their power-law exponent needs to be tested.The work provides a new view on the power-law exponent of an exponential growth network.

Flat-top silica-based arrayed waveguide grating with 40-channels

A flat response silica-based arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with 40-channels and 0.8 nm (100 GHz) channel spacing has been designed and fabricated using multimode interferometer (MMI) at the end of input waveguide.Proper width of MMI is theoretically optimized using beam propagation method (BPM).An AWG with a 16 μm width MMI is fabricated experimentally.The measurement results show that the 3 dB bandwidth is 0.62 nm,insertion loss (IS) ranges from 5.2 dB to 7.5 dB,and the crosstalk is less than -20 dB.The 3dB bandwidth,channel numbers and channel spacing of the AWG agree well with the simulation values.

Silica-Based 64-Channel Arrayed Waveguide Gratings with Double Functions

Silica-based 64-channel arrayed waveguide gratings （AWGs） with double functions and 0.4 nm （50 GHz） channel spacing have been designed and fabricated. On the same component, Gauss and flat-top output response spectra are obtained simultaneously. The test results show that when the insertion loss ranges from 3.5dB to 6.4dB, the crosstalk is better than -34dB, the 1 dB bandwidth is 0.12nm, the 3dB bandwidth is 0.218nm, and the polarization-dependent loss （PDL） is less than 0.5 dB for Gauss response. When the insertion loss ranges from 5.8dB to 7.8dB, the crosstalk is better than -30dB, the 1 dB bandwidth is 0.24nm, the 3dB bandwidth is 0.33nm, and the PDL is less than 0.2dB for fiat-top response.

Phonics Methods on EFL Learners’Pronunciation: A Comparative Case Study

This study investigates the effectiveness of the International Phonetic Alphabet and the Phonics method on the pronunciation of English learners aged 15 to 17 at the lower-intermediate level.The result of this study shows that the International Phonetic Alphabet group achieved slightly higher scores on average pronunciation intelligibility and mispronounced ten times fewer words than the phonics group.The outcome of this study supports the theory of Lingua Franca Core(LFC)that some features of pronunciation are not as important as others and mispronouncing them does not influence overall intelligibility.

Fracture healing with osteopathy in traditional Mongolian medicine

OBJECTIVE: To explore the concept and norm of fracture healing with osteopathy in traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM). METHODS: Based on the correspondence between man and the universe (including psychosomatic integration) in fracture healing with osteopathy in TMM, we used modern physio-psychological and biomechanical principles and methods to probe the integrated, dynamic and functional characteristics of fracture healing. RESULTS: Based on the integration of limbs and the body, unification of the body and function and harmony of man and nature (including psychoso-matic integration), fracture healing with osteopathy in TMM comprises the concept of natural functional healing of fractures, and follows the norm of considering physiological healing and psychological function as well as limb healing and motor function. CONCLUSION: Fracture healing with osteopathy in TMM is characterized by a lack of trauma without future complications. This therapy makes the concept of fracture healing develop in the direction of humanity, behaviorism and integration.

Biological macro-idea and criterion of osteopathic fracture immobilization in China's traditional mongolian medicine

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biological macro-idea and criterion of osteopathic fracture immobilization in China's traditional Mongolian medicine.METHODS:Based on biological naturalism regarding the relationship between man and universe(including psychosomatic integration) in osteopathic fracture immobilization in China's traditional Mongolian medicine,we used modern physiopsychological and biomechanical principles and methods to investigate the biological macro-characteristics of humanization,behaviorism,and wholism in "dynamic" fixation of fractures.RESULTS:Osteopathic fracture immobilization in China's traditional Mongolian medicine is based on the fixation criterion of macro-idea and method as well as on geometry,mechanics,motion,and stress and psychological stability in "non-sheltered fixation" of fractures contained in the life view of nature,regarding the relationship between man and universe(including psychosomatic integration) and on harmony between the limbs and the whole body,between body and function,and between man and nature.CONCLUSIONS:Osteopathic fracture immobilization in China's traditional Mongolian medicine is fixation without trauma or shelter.The principle and method of whole,dynamic,and functional fixation of fractures is not only radical,but also represents a new direction for developing the principle and method of fracture immobilization.

Design and numerical analysis for low birefringence silica on silicon waveguides

A new fabrication technology for three-dimensionally buried silica on silicon optical waveguide based on deep etching and thermal oxidation is presented. Using this method, a silicon layer is left at the side of waveguide. The stress distribution and effective refractive index are calculated by using finite element method and finite different beam propagation method, respectively. The results indicate that the stress of silica on silicon optical waveguide fabricated by this method can be matched in parallel and vertical directions and stress birefringence can be effectively reduced due to the side-silicon layer.

Grandparent-provided childcare and labor force participation of mothers with preschool children in Urban China

This paper investigates the effects of grandparent-provided childcare and the access to daycare services on the labor force participation of mothers with children under 7 years old in urban China.Using two-stage residual inclusion method,the analysis finds that grandparent-provided childcare and the access to daycare services both have strong positive effects on maternal labor force participation(MLFP).Specifically,having grandparent-provided childcare increases MLFP by 38-43%,whereas having access to daycare services increases MLFP by 24-29%.The analysis also finds that having a healthy grandmother is a significant determinant in whether grandparent-provided childcare is utilized and that the demand for grandparent-provided childcare is higher in localities in which daycare services for children under 3 years old are more expensive.These results indicate that grandparents,particularly grandmothers,play an important role in sustaining MLFP,particularly as the supply of publicly funded daycare programs is declining.

CONTENT DETERMINATION OF HYPERIN IN RHODODENDRON BY HPLC

As one of the cultural heritages of the nation,Mongolian Medicine was formed and developed in the long-term medical practice of the Mongolian people,and has become a major constituent part in the Traditional Chinese Medicine.In the past,Mongolian medicine made great contributions to the living and breeding of generations of the Mongolian people and had a positive impact on the formation of