Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Review on the Aetiopathogenesis and Recent Advances in Long-Term Management of Patients with Plaque Psoriasis

Immense changes have been introduced in psoriasis treatment, including successful systemic treatment of inflammation and education of psoriatic patients. The focus of this review is the latest developments in the understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of psoriasis, the significance of its comorbidities, treatment possibilities and long-term management using the latest insight provided by pharmacogenetics and identification of biomarkers. The successful control of the disease leads to reduction of myocardial infarction and long-term cardiovascular risk but is usually achieved after various therapeutic attempts until the best-matched treatment for the individual is identified. There is a high unmet medical need for revealing biomarkers associated with disease prognosis, comorbidities, response to therapy and adverse effects. More studies have to be performed for identification and validation of biomarkers and implementation of personalized medicine into clinical practice.

A model for potential non-contact ski injuries of the knee

Broadly accepted is that most knee injuries result from increased vertical forces,usually induced by an incidental ski fall,collision,or a high jump.We present a new non-contact knee injury mechanism that can happen during a ski turn.Such an injury is governed by a sudden inward turn of the inner ski and consequent swing of the inner leg followed by a nearly instant stop when locked by hip and knee joints.The model provides predictive results for a lateral tibial plateau compression fracture because several simplifications have been made.We confirmed that the modelled compression stresses at typical skiing conditions and with typical skiing equipment can provoke serious knee injuries.The awareness of skiers and skiing equipment industry of the described knee injury mechanism can act as an important injury-prevention factor.