Rotavirus, Norovirus and Astrovirus in Children Aged 0 - 5 Years: Evolution of Prevalence over 10 Years (2013-2023) Following the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccines in Burkina Faso

Rotaviruses, noroviruses, and astroviruses are responsible for gastroenteritis in children under 5 years old. The objective of our study was to estimate the evolution of prevalence of rotavirus, norovirus and astrovirus infections in children aged 0 to 5 years with gastroenteritis, after the introduction of rotavirus vaccines in Burkina Faso. This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and December 2023, collecting 100 stool samples from children with gastroenteritis at Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou and the Charles De Gaulle University Paediatric Hospital. Noroviruses and astroviruses were detected using multiplex real-time PCR with a Sacace biotechnology detection kit. Data analysis was performed with Stata statistical software, version 16.0. The prevalence of norovirus infections was 14% and astrovirus infections were 9%. Rotavirus infections were found at prevalence of 15%. The age group most affected by norovirus and astrovirus infections was 0 - 12 months, with respective prevalence rates of 73.34% and 55.56%. The most frequently observed clinical signs in children infected with astrovirus were fever (77.78%), diarrhea (55.56%), and vomiting (44.44%). The introduction of rotavirus vaccines has reduced rotavirus-related infections. However, this has not significantly impacted the prevalence of norovirus and astrovirus infections in Burkina Faso.

Morphometric, Reproductive Parameters and Seasonal Variations in Fatty Acid Composition of the Mantis Shrimp Squilla mantis （Crustacea： Stomatopoda） in the Gulf of Gabes （Tunisia）

The growth, reproductive properties and the variations in total lipids and fatty acids in the gonads and muscle tissue of the mantis shrimp Squilla mantis （Crustacea： Stomatopoda） caught from the gulf of Gabes in Tunisia were studied by sampling carried out between Jan. 2005 and Dec. 2006 to elucidate the importance of these components during sexual maturation. A total of 16,569 specimens were examined. The sex of this species was determined macroscopically and the proportion of females （47.07%） was significantly lower than that of males （52.93%） with a ratio of 1 ：l. 12 （male^female）. The mean total lengths （TL） of the male and female individuals were 142.02 ~： 22.76 mm and 141.45 ＋ 24.37 mm, respectively. Length-weight （TL-W） relationship was estimated as W = 7 ~ l06 TL3 o644 for females and W = 4 ~ 10＂6 TL320o7 for males, being altometrically positive for both sexes. The reproductive season, evaluated from the gonado-somatic index （GS1）, extended from Dec. to July, with a peak in Feb.. The smallest mature female was 93 mm total length. Fifty percent of the females were mature at 147.19 mm total length. The levels of lipid displayed pronounced seasonal fluctuations with the highest value in Feb. and the lowest value in Oct.. Major fatty acids in both gonads and muscle tissue （female and male） were C 14：0, C 16：0, C 18：0, C 18： I n-9, C 18：2n-6, C 18：3n-3, C20：4n-6, C20：5n-3 and C22：6n-3. Significant increases in the levels of saturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids were observed in gonads. The levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids （PUFA）, particularly C20：5n-3, decreased in gonads as ovarian development proceeded. Docosahexaenoic acid （DHA）, linoleic acid （LA） and eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） were the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs） in the muscle tissue for both male and female. The highest percentages for EPA and DHA were found in winter and summer season for Squilla mantis in the Gulf of Gabes. The n-3/n-6 ratio fatty acids ratio in Squilla mantis can be significantly influenced by spawning and season. It was conchtded that the mantis shrimp is a healthy item in the human diet during the winter and summer period when balanced n-3/n-6 ratios and EPA and DHA levels are considered.

Analysis and Comparison of Doping Level Effects on a Crystalline Silicon PV Cell under Both Moderate Light Concentration and Normal Illumination Modes

The main purpose of this work is to study doping level effects on a silicon PV cell under both moderate light concentration and normal illumination. This study also aims to compare the doping level effects under the both illumination modes. The results show for both illumination modes that diffusion parameters decrease with increasing doping level. These results are in agreement with the studies of the current and the voltage which showed for the two illumination modes that doping level increase leads to a decrease in current density and an increase in voltage. It also emerges for the two illumination modes and for the doping range 1013 cm-3 - 1016 cm-3, a decrease of maximum power and conversion efficiency. The results also show that decrease of diffusion parameters is faster under moderate concentration in comparison with normal illumination. These results predict a greater variation rate of the current, the voltage, the maximum power and the conversion efficiency under moderate concentration compared to normal illumination. Contrary to diffusion parameters study, the results show higher variation rates of parameters under normal illumination. This is explained by the fact that under moderate concentration, carriers density is close to doping level: the cell is then in high injection condition. Consequently, under moderate concentration, carriers density is less sensitive to doping level variations. The study confirms that carriers density variation with the doping level is weak under the moderate concentration compared to normal illumination.

A Local Binary Pattern-Based Method for Color and Multicomponent Texture Analysis

Local Binary Patterns (LBPs) have been highly used in texture classification for their robustness, their ease of implementation and their low computational cost. Initially designed to deal with gray level images, several methods based on them in the literature have been proposed for images having more than one spectral band. To achieve it, whether assumption using color information or combining spectral band two by two was done. Those methods use micro structures as texture features. In this paper, our goal was to design texture features which are relevant to color and multicomponent texture analysis without any assumption. Based on methods designed for gray scale images, we find the combination of micro and macro structures efficient for multispectral texture analysis. The experimentations were carried out on color images from Outex databases and multicomponent images from red blood cells captured using a multispectral microscope equipped with 13 LEDs ranging from 375 nm to 940 nm. In all achieved experimentations, our proposal presents the best classification scores compared to common multicomponent LBP methods. 99.81%, 100.00%, 99.07% and 97.67% are maximum scores obtained with our strategy respectively applied to images subject to rotation, blur, illumination variation and the multicomponent ones.

3D hydrodynamics involving multiple eccentric impellers in unbaffled cylindrical tank

In this paper, the numerical predictions of 3D hydrodynamics and power consumption in a vessel stirred by mul- tiple eccentrically located impellers are presented. The vessel is a fiat-bottomed cylindrical one equipped with six-curved bladed impellers. Aqueous solutions of xanthan gum are used, which have a shear thinning behavior with yield stress. The influence of several parameters on the mixing efficiency has been investigated, namely： the stirring rate, fluid theology, impeller number and impeller clearance from the tank bottom. Our predicted results are compared with other experimental data and a satisfactory agreement is found.

Chemical composition of Rosmarinus and Lavandula essential oils and their insecticidal effects on Orgyia trigotephras(Lepidoptera,Lymantriidae)

Objective:To evaluate toxic activities of essential oils obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis and Lavandula stoechas against the fourth larval instars of Orgyia trigotephras.Methods:A total of 1 200 larvae were divided into three groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ.Group Ⅰ was to investigate the effect of extracted essential oils from these aromatic plants as gastric disturbance.Bacillus thuringiensis and ethanol were used as control group.Group Ⅱ was used as contact action and Group Ⅲ was used as fumigant action.Oecis and ethanol were used as control group.During the three experiments,the effect of essential oils on larvae was assessed.Results:The chemical composition of essential oils from two medicinal plants was determined and,their insecticidal effects on the fourth larval slate of Orgyia trigotephras were assessed.The two simples presented an insecticidal activity,nevertheless Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil was less efficient compared to Lavandula stoechas one are discussed.Conclusions:The relationship between the chemical composition and the biologieal activities is confirmed by the present findings.Therefore the potential uses of these essential oils as bioinsecticides can he considered as an alternative to the use of synthetic products.

Time-Reversal UWB Positioning Beacon for Railway Application

This paper studies a new positioning beacon for railway transport using Ultra Wideband (UWB) radio and Time Reversal (TR) techniques. UWB radio has the potential to offer a good level of performance in terms of localization accuracy. Time Reversal channel pre-filtering facilitates signal detection and also helps increasing the received energy in the targeted area. In this paper, we evaluate the characteristics of TR technique in terms of temporal focusing. The theoretical and simulation results for Power Delay Profile, equivalent channel model and focusing gain of TR-UWB are given. We analyze the contribution of Time Reversal associated with UWB technology to enhance the localization resolution. The IEEE 802.15.3achannel models are used to evaluate the performance of this system. In terms of localization error, the theoretical and simulation results show that TR-UWB technique delivers improved performance over the UWB localization approach.

Ambient Vibration Recording for Single-Station, Array and Building Studies Made Simple: CityShark Ⅱ

This article describes an improved data acquisition system from a previous system dedicated to one-sensor site studies, aimed at recording ambient vibrations (microtremors). A multi-channel and/or remote triggering system is proposed. The system was conceived by IRD-Leas, France, and used at ISTerre, France, for research activities. The size, weight of this high quality system and its autonomy (no need to be connected to a laptop) make it a real portable device. The system acquires data with 24-bit delta-sigma ADCs in the 10 - 1000 sps range at 10 - 20 bit resolution on up to 18 channels in the multi-channel version. The input stage dynamics is available at ±2.5 V or ±5 V. The dynamic range varies, for example, from 108 dB at 100 sps to 90 dB at 250 sps. Gain is selectable from 1 (0 dB) to 8192 (78 dB) by powers of two (6 dB). Its very low level of internal noise allows recording of very low tension signals without missing code. Continuous recording and GPS may also be implemented in the system. While primarily dedicated to ambient vibration recordings, this system can be connected to any type of device delivering an output tension in the ±5 V range.

Effect of some parameters on the performance of anchor impellers for stirring shear-thinning fluids in a cylindrical vessel

The 3-D hydrodynamics of shear thinning fluids in a stirred tank with an anchor impeller were numerically simulated.By using a computational fluid dynamics code（CFX 13.0）,the obtained results give a good prediction of the hydrodynamics such as the velocity fields and cavern size.The multiple reference frames（MRF） technique was employed to model the rotation of the impellers.The rheology of the fluid was approximated using the Ostwald model.To validate the CFD model,some predicted results were compared with the experimental data and a satisfactory agreement was found.The effects of impeller speed,fluid rheology,and some design parameters on the flow pattern,cavern size and power consumption were explored.