Atomic layer deposition(ALD) is a versatile technique to deposit metals and metal oxide sensing materials at the atomic scale to achieve improved sensor functions. This article reviews metals and metal oxide semicondu...Atomic layer deposition(ALD) is a versatile technique to deposit metals and metal oxide sensing materials at the atomic scale to achieve improved sensor functions. This article reviews metals and metal oxide semiconductor(MOS) heterostructures for gas sensing applications in which at least one of the preparation steps is carried out by ALD. In particular, three types of MOS-based heterostructures synthesized by ALD are discussed, including ALD of metal catalysts on MOS, ALD of metal oxides on MOS and MOS core–shell(C–S) heterostructures.The gas sensing performances of these heterostructures are carefully analyzed and discussed.Finally, the further developments required and the challenges faced by ALD for the synthesis of MOS gas sensing materials are discussed.展开更多
Vanadium oxide nanostructures were synthesized using NTP as a carrier through soft-chemical method. The influence of calcination temperature on the phase and morphology of obtained pristine product were characterized ...Vanadium oxide nanostructures were synthesized using NTP as a carrier through soft-chemical method. The influence of calcination temperature on the phase and morphology of obtained pristine product were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cyclic voltammogram studies were conducted to examine the electrochemical performance of cathodes made of vanadium oxide nanostructures. X-ray diffraction results show that, the particle size of the nanomaterials is increases with the increasing of calcination temperature.展开更多
Two kinds of polypeptides were tethered onto the surface of polypropylene microporous membrane (PPMM) through a ring opening polymerization of L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride initiated by amino groups which were introd...Two kinds of polypeptides were tethered onto the surface of polypropylene microporous membrane (PPMM) through a ring opening polymerization of L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride initiated by amino groups which were introduced by ammonia plasma andγ-aminopropyl triethanoxysilane treatments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR/ATR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), together with water contact angle measurements were used to characterize the modified membranes. XPS analyses and FT-IR/ATR spectra demonstrated that polypeptides are actually grafted onto the membrane surface. The wettability of the membrane surface increases at first and then decreases with the increase in grafting degrees of polypeptide. Platelet adhesion and murine macrophage attachment experiments reveal an enhanced hemocompatibility for the polypeptide modified PPMMs. All these results give evidence that polypeptide grafting can simultaneously improve the hemocompatibility as well as reserve the hydrophobicity for the membrane, which will provide a potential approach to improve the performance of polypropylene hollow fiber microporous membrane used in artificial oxygenator.展开更多
The migration of living cells usually obeys the laws of Brownian motion.While the latter is due to the thermal motion of the surrounding matter,the locomotion of cells is generally associated with their vitality.We st...The migration of living cells usually obeys the laws of Brownian motion.While the latter is due to the thermal motion of the surrounding matter,the locomotion of cells is generally associated with their vitality.We study what drives cell migration and how to model memory effects in the Brownian motion of cells.The concept of temperament is introduced as an effective biophysical parameter driving the motion of living biological entities in analogy with the physical parameter of temperature,which dictates the movement of lifeless physical objects.The locomemory of cells is also studied via the generalized Langevin equation.We explore the possibility of describing cell locomemory via the Brownian self-similarity concept.An heuristic expression for the diffusion coefficient of cells on structured surfaces is derived.展开更多
The rational design of oxygen vacancies and electronic microstructures of electrode materials for energy storage devices still remains a challenge. Herein, we synthesize nickel cobalt-based oxides nanoflower arrays as...The rational design of oxygen vacancies and electronic microstructures of electrode materials for energy storage devices still remains a challenge. Herein, we synthesize nickel cobalt-based oxides nanoflower arrays assembled with nanowires grown on Ni foam via the hydrothermal process followed annealing process in air and argon atmospheres respectively. It is found that the annealing atmosphere has a vital influence on the oxygen vacancies and electronic microstructures of resulting NiCo_(2)O_(4) (NCO-Air) and CoNiO_(2) (NCO-Ar) products, which NCO-Ar has more oxygen vacancies and larger specific surface area of 163.48 m^(2)/g. The density functional theory calculation reveals that more oxygen vacancies can provide more electrons to adsorb –OH free anions resulting in superior electrochemical energy storage performance. Therefore, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor of NCO-Ar//active carbon delivers an excellent energy density of 112.52 Wh/kg at a power density of 558.73 W/kg and the fabricated NCO-Ar//Zn battery presents the specific capacity of 180.20 mAh/g and energy density of 308.14 Wh/kg. The experimental measurement and theoretical calculation not only provide a facile strategy to construct flower-like mesoporous architectures with massive oxygen vacancies, but also demonstrate that NCO-Ar is an ideal electrode material for the next generation of energy storage devices.展开更多
The wettability of the membrane surface has shown obvious influent on the separation performance of the membrane.In this work,a hydrophilic PDA-[PDDA/TiO2]+Cl-membrane was prepared by a one-step codeposition of poly(d...The wettability of the membrane surface has shown obvious influent on the separation performance of the membrane.In this work,a hydrophilic PDA-[PDDA/TiO2]+Cl-membrane was prepared by a one-step codeposition of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)polyelectrolyte solution containing positively charged TiO2@PDDA nanoparticles with the assistance of dopamine(DA).Such positively charged membrane can be transformed into a hydrophobic membrane PDA-[PDDA/TiO2]+PFO-via the counterion exchange between Cl-and PFO-(perfluorooctanoate).The transformation between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity is reversible.For both hydrophilic and hydrophobic membranes,the nanofiltration performances were respectively investigated by the aqueous solution and ethanol solution of dyes including methyl blue(MB),Congo red(CR)and Evans blue(EB),and as well metal salt aqueous solution.The consecutive running stability and anti-fouling performance of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic membranes were explored.The results revealed that both membranes showed high nanofiltration performances for retention of dyes in(non)aqueous solution.For the hydrophilic membrane,the rejection of salts in a sequence is MgSO4>Na2SO4>MgCl2>NaCl.Moreover,both of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic membranes showed high stability and antifouling property.展开更多
Inorganic solids with enzyme-like activity are promising to overcome many restrictions of native enzymes in application.Especially attractive are nanoparticles with superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,due to their abili...Inorganic solids with enzyme-like activity are promising to overcome many restrictions of native enzymes in application.Especially attractive are nanoparticles with superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,due to their ability to reduce the damaging properties of reactive oxygen species within cells and organism.This review discusses the necessary requirements for nanoparticles to have SOD activity and reveals a close relationship between catalysis on prebiotic earth and the recent SOD mimics.This review also aims to highlight the progress in the development of SOD mimicking nanoparticles.We give a broad overview of nanoparticles with SOD activity,based on their material make-up,to underline their increasing diversity.展开更多
Based on poly(vinyl chloride) membranes, a novel miniaturized screen-printed all-solid-state copper(II)-selective electrode has been developed for applications in environmental monitoring. Performance and applicabilit...Based on poly(vinyl chloride) membranes, a novel miniaturized screen-printed all-solid-state copper(II)-selective electrode has been developed for applications in environmental monitoring. Performance and applicability of the ion-selective electrode (ISE) have been proved by potentiometric investigations. Conducting polymers were used as intermediate layers and as solid contacts between the ion-selective membrane and the graphite transducer. The ion-complexing reagent 2-mercapto-benzoxazole was incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) membranes. In the concentration range 10<sup>-6</sup> - 10<sup>-2</sup> mol/L, the ISE exhibited a linear Nernstian potential response to copper(II) with an average slope value of 28 mV/decade. The detection limit was 3 × 10<sup>-7</sup> mol/L. The electrode exhibits a short response time (<10 s) and can be used in the range of pH = 3 - 7. Selectivity coefficents against certain interfering ions are investigated. The life time of the electrode under laboratory conditions was approximately 12-month. The electrode was applied in the investigation of different aqueous environmental samples and the electrode characteristics were described. The copper(II) ASS electrode has also successfully been used in potentiometric, complexometric titrations with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.展开更多
The metabolic fate of 1 -nitropropane (1-NP) has not been previously reported. In this study male rats and chimpanzees were given single doses of 40 mg/kg ip and 5 mg/kg iv 1-[1-<sup>14</sup>C]NP, respec...The metabolic fate of 1 -nitropropane (1-NP) has not been previously reported. In this study male rats and chimpanzees were given single doses of 40 mg/kg ip and 5 mg/kg iv 1-[1-<sup>14</sup>C]NP, respectively. The quantitative extent of urinary and fecal elimination was similar in both species. The rats excreted 16.5% ofthedosein urine and 1.7% in feces. For chimpanzees the respective values were 14.8 and 1.2%. Experiments with rats demonstrated that the major route of elimination was by exhalation. With a total elimination via the lungs of 72.6%, rats expired 10.3% of the dose as unchanged 1-NP. Five polar metabolites were isolated from the urine of chimpanzees. The two major metabolites were identified as 3-hydroxypropionic acid and 7V-methyl-N-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethylpropionic acid amide (NMPA). Both substances were also excreted in rat urine. The two identified metabolites indicate that 1-NP was degraded to propionic acid, part of which was modified to 3-hydroxypropionic acid or NMPA. A hypothetical pathway for the biochemical generation of NMPA is suggested.(c)1989 Academic Press, Inc.展开更多
Two new cadmium(II)-thiocyanato coordination polymers with 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine(4,4'-dm-2,2'-bpy) and 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine(4,4'-dmo-2,2'-bpy) as chelating ligands wer...Two new cadmium(II)-thiocyanato coordination polymers with 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine(4,4'-dm-2,2'-bpy) and 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine(4,4'-dmo-2,2'-bpy) as chelating ligands were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Thermal properties were also studied as well. These complexes have formed as [Cd(4,4'-dm-2,2'-bpy)(NCS)2]n(1) and [Cd(4,4'-dmo-2,2'-bpy)(NCS)2]n(2). The coordination numbers of CdII in 1 and 2 are six(Cd N4S2). Direction of bridging of thiocyanato anions in 1 and 2 created one- and two-dimensional coordination polymers, respectively. The supramolecular features in these complexes were guided and controlled by weak directional intermolecular interactions.展开更多
Creating a single surfactant that is open to manipulation,while maintaining its surface activity,robustness,and compatibility,to expand the landscape of surfactant-dependent assays is extremely challenging.We report a...Creating a single surfactant that is open to manipulation,while maintaining its surface activity,robustness,and compatibility,to expand the landscape of surfactant-dependent assays is extremely challenging.We report an oxidation-responsive precursor with thioethers and multiple 1,2-diols for creating a variety of functional surfactants from one parent surfactant.Using these multifunctional surfactants,we stabilize microfluidics-generated aqueous droplets.The droplets encapsulate different components and immerse in a bioinert oil with distinct interfaces where an azide-bearing surfactant allow fishing of biomolecules from the droplets,aldehyde-bearing surfactant allow fabrication of microcapsules,and hydroxyl-bearing surfactants,with/without oxidized thioethers,allow monitoring of single-cell gene expression.Creating multifunctional surfactants poses opportunities for broad applications,including adsorption,bioanalytics,catalysis,formulations,coatings,and programmable subset of emulsions.展开更多
Schiff base ligand (HL) derived from 4-hexylaniline with isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione)and its complexes with Cu(II), Ni(II) were prepared and characterized by analytical, spectroscopic(IR, UV-Vis, Mass) techniques, ele...Schiff base ligand (HL) derived from 4-hexylaniline with isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione)and its complexes with Cu(II), Ni(II) were prepared and characterized by analytical, spectroscopic(IR, UV-Vis, Mass) techniques, electrical conductivity, magnetic and thermal measurements. Thecrystal and molecular structure of [Cu(HL)2Cl2] was determined by a single-crystal X-raydiffraction study. The molecular structure of the title compound has an inversion center on theCu atom.展开更多
Electronic charge of molecules can move on time scales when the nuclei stand practically still,from few hundreds of attoseconds to few femtoseconds.This ultrafast process is called“charge migration”.A typical conseq...Electronic charge of molecules can move on time scales when the nuclei stand practically still,from few hundreds of attoseconds to few femtoseconds.This ultrafast process is called“charge migration”.A typical consequence is rapid change of electronic dipole,which points to the center of charge.Corresponding linear(one-dimensional,1D)and planar(2D)dipolar motions have already been well documented.Here we construct the first case of charge migration which causes chiral 3D dipolar motion,specifically along a helix about oriented iodo-acetylene(HCCI).Quantum dynamics simulations show that this can be induced by well-designed laser pulses.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3 D) hybrid of nanocarbons is a very promising way to the high-performance design of electrocatalysis materials.However,sp^(3)-like defect structure,a combination of high strength and conduction of g...Three-dimensional(3 D) hybrid of nanocarbons is a very promising way to the high-performance design of electrocatalysis materials.However,sp^(3)-like defect structure,a combination of high strength and conduction of graphene and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) is rarely reported.Herein,3 D neural-like hybrids of graphene(from reduced graphene oxide) and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have been integrated via sp^(3)-like defect structure by a hydrothermal approach.The sp^(3)-like defect structure endows 3 D nanocarbon hybrids with an enhanced carrier transfer,high structural stability,and electrocatalytic durability.The neural-like structure is shown to demonstrate a cascade effect of charges and significant performances regarding bio-electrocatalysis and lithium-sulfur energy storage.The concept and mechanism of "sp^(3)-like defect structure" are proposed at an atomic/nanoscale to clarify the generation of rational structure as well as the cascade electron transfer.展开更多
This paper describes preparation, characterization and electrochemical performance of novel planar miniaturized all-solid-state (ASS) screen-printed potentiometric sensors for the detection of Ca2+ ions in environment...This paper describes preparation, characterization and electrochemical performance of novel planar miniaturized all-solid-state (ASS) screen-printed potentiometric sensors for the detection of Ca2+ ions in environmental samples. Screen-printed graphite-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) and screen-printed reference electrodes based on silver-containing pastes have been applied in a space saving manner on common ceramic substrates with small dimensions. Applications to environmental samples are shown by direct potentiometry and potentiometric titrations in real water samples. Conducting polymers (CPs) have been used as solid-contact materials and as intermediate layer between the polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-containing ion-selective membrane and the graphite-containing substrate. Different diamides have been incorporated into the PVC membrane. In the range from 10-4 mol/L to 10-1 mol/L, the ISEs show linear slopes of 27 mV/decade, which is close to the Nernstian response. Moreover, the ISEs have response times of 6 months. The novel potentiometric ASS sensors enable simple and exact Ca2+ determinations in real samples.展开更多
We have employed a recent implementation of genetic algorithms to study a range of standard benchmark functions for global optimization. It turns out that some of them are not very useful as challenging test functions...We have employed a recent implementation of genetic algorithms to study a range of standard benchmark functions for global optimization. It turns out that some of them are not very useful as challenging test functions, since they neither allow for a discrimination between different variants of genetic operators nor exhibit a dimensionality scaling resembling that of real-world problems, for example that of global structure optimization of atomic and molecular clusters. The latter properties seem to be simulated better by two other types of benchmark functions. One type is designed to be deceptive, exemplified here by Lunacek’s function. The other type offers additional advantages of markedly increased complexity and of broad tunability in search space characteristics. For the latter type, we use an implementation based on randomly distributed Gaussians. We advocate the use of the latter types of test functions for algorithm development and benchmarking.展开更多
The cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)plays a key role in a wide range of physiological processes and maintaining or enhancing NAD+levels is an established approach to enhancing healthy aging.Recently,se...The cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)plays a key role in a wide range of physiological processes and maintaining or enhancing NAD+levels is an established approach to enhancing healthy aging.Recently,several classes of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase(NAMPT)activators have been shown to increase NAD+levels in vitro and in vivo and to demonstrate beneficial effects in animal models.The best validated of these compounds are structurally related to known urea-type NAMPT inhibitors,however the basis for the switch from inhibitory activity to activation is not well understood.Here we report an evaluation of the structure activity relationships of NAMPT activators by designing,synthesising and testing compounds from other NAMPT ligand chemotypes and mimetics of putative phosphoribosylated adducts of known activators.The results of these studies led us to hypothesise that these activators act via a through-water interaction in the NAMPT active site,resulting in the design of the first known urea-class NAMPT activator that does not utilise a pyridine-like warhead,which shows similar or greater activity as a NAMPT activator in biochemical and cellular assays relative to known analogues.展开更多
The work reports the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphene oxides(rGO)in the ionic liquid[BMIm][NTf_(2)]through microwave decomposition reaction.Ni@rGO with the polymer poly(3,4-eth...The work reports the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphene oxides(rGO)in the ionic liquid[BMIm][NTf_(2)]through microwave decomposition reaction.Ni@rGO with the polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)as binder was positively tested for its response towards the oxidizing gas nitrogen dioxide(10 ppm in air),the reducing gas carbon monoxide(3000 ppm in N_(2))and the volatile organic compound(VOC)acetone(35,000 ppm in air).The results from different gases were compared at different temperatures with the best results for NO_(2) at 200℃.Additionally,it is shown for NO_(2) gas that the Ni@rGO-PEDOT:PSS polymer composite gives better results than the rGO-PEDOT:PSS polymer composite.After the heat treatment the oxidation state of pure nickel nanoparticles were confirmed by powder diffraction.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61971252 and51972182)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2020JQ27 and ZR2021YQ42)the Youth Innovation Team Project of Shandong Provincial Education Department (2020KJN015)。
文摘Atomic layer deposition(ALD) is a versatile technique to deposit metals and metal oxide sensing materials at the atomic scale to achieve improved sensor functions. This article reviews metals and metal oxide semiconductor(MOS) heterostructures for gas sensing applications in which at least one of the preparation steps is carried out by ALD. In particular, three types of MOS-based heterostructures synthesized by ALD are discussed, including ALD of metal catalysts on MOS, ALD of metal oxides on MOS and MOS core–shell(C–S) heterostructures.The gas sensing performances of these heterostructures are carefully analyzed and discussed.Finally, the further developments required and the challenges faced by ALD for the synthesis of MOS gas sensing materials are discussed.
基金One of the authors(VS Reddy Channu)thank the Alex-ander von Humboldt Foundation for a fellow-shipThis work is partially supported by U.S-DOD-ARO-HBCU/MI.
文摘Vanadium oxide nanostructures were synthesized using NTP as a carrier through soft-chemical method. The influence of calcination temperature on the phase and morphology of obtained pristine product were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cyclic voltammogram studies were conducted to examine the electrochemical performance of cathodes made of vanadium oxide nanostructures. X-ray diffraction results show that, the particle size of the nanomaterials is increases with the increasing of calcination temperature.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20074033)the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2003CB15705).
文摘Two kinds of polypeptides were tethered onto the surface of polypropylene microporous membrane (PPMM) through a ring opening polymerization of L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride initiated by amino groups which were introduced by ammonia plasma andγ-aminopropyl triethanoxysilane treatments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR/ATR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), together with water contact angle measurements were used to characterize the modified membranes. XPS analyses and FT-IR/ATR spectra demonstrated that polypeptides are actually grafted onto the membrane surface. The wettability of the membrane surface increases at first and then decreases with the increase in grafting degrees of polypeptide. Platelet adhesion and murine macrophage attachment experiments reveal an enhanced hemocompatibility for the polypeptide modified PPMMs. All these results give evidence that polypeptide grafting can simultaneously improve the hemocompatibility as well as reserve the hydrophobicity for the membrane, which will provide a potential approach to improve the performance of polypropylene hollow fiber microporous membrane used in artificial oxygenator.
基金Supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in the form of a Sofja Kovalevskaja Award funded by the Federal Ministry of Education,BMBF,the Bulgarian NSF through grant DRG 02/3 and the FP7 project BeyondEverest.
文摘The migration of living cells usually obeys the laws of Brownian motion.While the latter is due to the thermal motion of the surrounding matter,the locomotion of cells is generally associated with their vitality.We study what drives cell migration and how to model memory effects in the Brownian motion of cells.The concept of temperament is introduced as an effective biophysical parameter driving the motion of living biological entities in analogy with the physical parameter of temperature,which dictates the movement of lifeless physical objects.The locomemory of cells is also studied via the generalized Langevin equation.We explore the possibility of describing cell locomemory via the Brownian self-similarity concept.An heuristic expression for the diffusion coefficient of cells on structured surfaces is derived.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(51962032,61704114,and 51764049)the Youth Innovative Talents Cultivation Fund,Shihezi University(KX01480109)the Opening Project of The Research Center for Material Chemical Engineering Technology of Xinjiang Bingtuan(2017BTRC007).
文摘The rational design of oxygen vacancies and electronic microstructures of electrode materials for energy storage devices still remains a challenge. Herein, we synthesize nickel cobalt-based oxides nanoflower arrays assembled with nanowires grown on Ni foam via the hydrothermal process followed annealing process in air and argon atmospheres respectively. It is found that the annealing atmosphere has a vital influence on the oxygen vacancies and electronic microstructures of resulting NiCo_(2)O_(4) (NCO-Air) and CoNiO_(2) (NCO-Ar) products, which NCO-Ar has more oxygen vacancies and larger specific surface area of 163.48 m^(2)/g. The density functional theory calculation reveals that more oxygen vacancies can provide more electrons to adsorb –OH free anions resulting in superior electrochemical energy storage performance. Therefore, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor of NCO-Ar//active carbon delivers an excellent energy density of 112.52 Wh/kg at a power density of 558.73 W/kg and the fabricated NCO-Ar//Zn battery presents the specific capacity of 180.20 mAh/g and energy density of 308.14 Wh/kg. The experimental measurement and theoretical calculation not only provide a facile strategy to construct flower-like mesoporous architectures with massive oxygen vacancies, but also demonstrate that NCO-Ar is an ideal electrode material for the next generation of energy storage devices.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21476005,21878003)the National Natural Science Fund for Innovative Research Groups(51621003)。
文摘The wettability of the membrane surface has shown obvious influent on the separation performance of the membrane.In this work,a hydrophilic PDA-[PDDA/TiO2]+Cl-membrane was prepared by a one-step codeposition of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)polyelectrolyte solution containing positively charged TiO2@PDDA nanoparticles with the assistance of dopamine(DA).Such positively charged membrane can be transformed into a hydrophobic membrane PDA-[PDDA/TiO2]+PFO-via the counterion exchange between Cl-and PFO-(perfluorooctanoate).The transformation between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity is reversible.For both hydrophilic and hydrophobic membranes,the nanofiltration performances were respectively investigated by the aqueous solution and ethanol solution of dyes including methyl blue(MB),Congo red(CR)and Evans blue(EB),and as well metal salt aqueous solution.The consecutive running stability and anti-fouling performance of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic membranes were explored.The results revealed that both membranes showed high nanofiltration performances for retention of dyes in(non)aqueous solution.For the hydrophilic membrane,the rejection of salts in a sequence is MgSO4>Na2SO4>MgCl2>NaCl.Moreover,both of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic membranes showed high stability and antifouling property.
文摘Inorganic solids with enzyme-like activity are promising to overcome many restrictions of native enzymes in application.Especially attractive are nanoparticles with superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,due to their ability to reduce the damaging properties of reactive oxygen species within cells and organism.This review discusses the necessary requirements for nanoparticles to have SOD activity and reveals a close relationship between catalysis on prebiotic earth and the recent SOD mimics.This review also aims to highlight the progress in the development of SOD mimicking nanoparticles.We give a broad overview of nanoparticles with SOD activity,based on their material make-up,to underline their increasing diversity.
文摘Based on poly(vinyl chloride) membranes, a novel miniaturized screen-printed all-solid-state copper(II)-selective electrode has been developed for applications in environmental monitoring. Performance and applicability of the ion-selective electrode (ISE) have been proved by potentiometric investigations. Conducting polymers were used as intermediate layers and as solid contacts between the ion-selective membrane and the graphite transducer. The ion-complexing reagent 2-mercapto-benzoxazole was incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) membranes. In the concentration range 10<sup>-6</sup> - 10<sup>-2</sup> mol/L, the ISE exhibited a linear Nernstian potential response to copper(II) with an average slope value of 28 mV/decade. The detection limit was 3 × 10<sup>-7</sup> mol/L. The electrode exhibits a short response time (<10 s) and can be used in the range of pH = 3 - 7. Selectivity coefficents against certain interfering ions are investigated. The life time of the electrode under laboratory conditions was approximately 12-month. The electrode was applied in the investigation of different aqueous environmental samples and the electrode characteristics were described. The copper(II) ASS electrode has also successfully been used in potentiometric, complexometric titrations with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
文摘The metabolic fate of 1 -nitropropane (1-NP) has not been previously reported. In this study male rats and chimpanzees were given single doses of 40 mg/kg ip and 5 mg/kg iv 1-[1-<sup>14</sup>C]NP, respectively. The quantitative extent of urinary and fecal elimination was similar in both species. The rats excreted 16.5% ofthedosein urine and 1.7% in feces. For chimpanzees the respective values were 14.8 and 1.2%. Experiments with rats demonstrated that the major route of elimination was by exhalation. With a total elimination via the lungs of 72.6%, rats expired 10.3% of the dose as unchanged 1-NP. Five polar metabolites were isolated from the urine of chimpanzees. The two major metabolites were identified as 3-hydroxypropionic acid and 7V-methyl-N-2-(methylsulfinyl)ethylpropionic acid amide (NMPA). Both substances were also excreted in rat urine. The two identified metabolites indicate that 1-NP was degraded to propionic acid, part of which was modified to 3-hydroxypropionic acid or NMPA. A hypothetical pathway for the biochemical generation of NMPA is suggested.(c)1989 Academic Press, Inc.
基金supported by Islamic Azad University Maku Branch
文摘Two new cadmium(II)-thiocyanato coordination polymers with 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine(4,4'-dm-2,2'-bpy) and 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine(4,4'-dmo-2,2'-bpy) as chelating ligands were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Thermal properties were also studied as well. These complexes have formed as [Cd(4,4'-dm-2,2'-bpy)(NCS)2]n(1) and [Cd(4,4'-dmo-2,2'-bpy)(NCS)2]n(2). The coordination numbers of CdII in 1 and 2 are six(Cd N4S2). Direction of bridging of thiocyanato anions in 1 and 2 created one- and two-dimensional coordination polymers, respectively. The supramolecular features in these complexes were guided and controlled by weak directional intermolecular interactions.
基金This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)-Project ID 387284271-SFB 1349 Fluorine-Specific Interactions
文摘Creating a single surfactant that is open to manipulation,while maintaining its surface activity,robustness,and compatibility,to expand the landscape of surfactant-dependent assays is extremely challenging.We report an oxidation-responsive precursor with thioethers and multiple 1,2-diols for creating a variety of functional surfactants from one parent surfactant.Using these multifunctional surfactants,we stabilize microfluidics-generated aqueous droplets.The droplets encapsulate different components and immerse in a bioinert oil with distinct interfaces where an azide-bearing surfactant allow fishing of biomolecules from the droplets,aldehyde-bearing surfactant allow fabrication of microcapsules,and hydroxyl-bearing surfactants,with/without oxidized thioethers,allow monitoring of single-cell gene expression.Creating multifunctional surfactants poses opportunities for broad applications,including adsorption,bioanalytics,catalysis,formulations,coatings,and programmable subset of emulsions.
文摘Schiff base ligand (HL) derived from 4-hexylaniline with isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione)and its complexes with Cu(II), Ni(II) were prepared and characterized by analytical, spectroscopic(IR, UV-Vis, Mass) techniques, electrical conductivity, magnetic and thermal measurements. Thecrystal and molecular structure of [Cu(HL)2Cl2] was determined by a single-crystal X-raydiffraction study. The molecular structure of the title compound has an inversion center on theCu atom.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0304203)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team(Grant No.IRT17R70)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12004193 and 11904215)the 111 Project(Grant No.D18001)the Fund for Shanxi 1331 Project Key Subjects Constructionthe Hundred Talent Program of Shanxi ProvinceNJUPT-SF(Grant No.NY220089)。
文摘Electronic charge of molecules can move on time scales when the nuclei stand practically still,from few hundreds of attoseconds to few femtoseconds.This ultrafast process is called“charge migration”.A typical consequence is rapid change of electronic dipole,which points to the center of charge.Corresponding linear(one-dimensional,1D)and planar(2D)dipolar motions have already been well documented.Here we construct the first case of charge migration which causes chiral 3D dipolar motion,specifically along a helix about oriented iodo-acetylene(HCCI).Quantum dynamics simulations show that this can be induced by well-designed laser pulses.
基金a joint National Natural Science Foundation of China-Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(NSFC-DFG) project(NSFC grant 51861135313,DFG JA466/39-1)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21706199)International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China(2015DFE52870)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan(20180101208JC)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3 D) hybrid of nanocarbons is a very promising way to the high-performance design of electrocatalysis materials.However,sp^(3)-like defect structure,a combination of high strength and conduction of graphene and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) is rarely reported.Herein,3 D neural-like hybrids of graphene(from reduced graphene oxide) and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have been integrated via sp^(3)-like defect structure by a hydrothermal approach.The sp^(3)-like defect structure endows 3 D nanocarbon hybrids with an enhanced carrier transfer,high structural stability,and electrocatalytic durability.The neural-like structure is shown to demonstrate a cascade effect of charges and significant performances regarding bio-electrocatalysis and lithium-sulfur energy storage.The concept and mechanism of "sp^(3)-like defect structure" are proposed at an atomic/nanoscale to clarify the generation of rational structure as well as the cascade electron transfer.
文摘This paper describes preparation, characterization and electrochemical performance of novel planar miniaturized all-solid-state (ASS) screen-printed potentiometric sensors for the detection of Ca2+ ions in environmental samples. Screen-printed graphite-based ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) and screen-printed reference electrodes based on silver-containing pastes have been applied in a space saving manner on common ceramic substrates with small dimensions. Applications to environmental samples are shown by direct potentiometry and potentiometric titrations in real water samples. Conducting polymers (CPs) have been used as solid-contact materials and as intermediate layer between the polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-containing ion-selective membrane and the graphite-containing substrate. Different diamides have been incorporated into the PVC membrane. In the range from 10-4 mol/L to 10-1 mol/L, the ISEs show linear slopes of 27 mV/decade, which is close to the Nernstian response. Moreover, the ISEs have response times of 6 months. The novel potentiometric ASS sensors enable simple and exact Ca2+ determinations in real samples.
文摘We have employed a recent implementation of genetic algorithms to study a range of standard benchmark functions for global optimization. It turns out that some of them are not very useful as challenging test functions, since they neither allow for a discrimination between different variants of genetic operators nor exhibit a dimensionality scaling resembling that of real-world problems, for example that of global structure optimization of atomic and molecular clusters. The latter properties seem to be simulated better by two other types of benchmark functions. One type is designed to be deceptive, exemplified here by Lunacek’s function. The other type offers additional advantages of markedly increased complexity and of broad tunability in search space characteristics. For the latter type, we use an implementation based on randomly distributed Gaussians. We advocate the use of the latter types of test functions for algorithm development and benchmarking.
基金funded by the China Sponsorship Council(No.201709110169)support by the SGC,a registered charity(number 1097737)that receives funds from AbbVie,Bayer Pharma AG,Boehringer Ingelheim,Canada Foundation for Innovation,Eshelman Institute for Innovation,Genome Canada,Innovative Medicines Initiative(EU/EFPIA),Janssen,Merck KGaA Darmstadt Germany,MSD,Novartis Pharma AG,Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation,Pfizer,S?o Paulo Research Foundation-FAPESP and Takeda+2 种基金supported by the Frankfurt Cancer Institute(FCI)the DKTK translational cancer networkfinancial support by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 730872,project CALIPSOplus。
文摘The cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)plays a key role in a wide range of physiological processes and maintaining or enhancing NAD+levels is an established approach to enhancing healthy aging.Recently,several classes of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase(NAMPT)activators have been shown to increase NAD+levels in vitro and in vivo and to demonstrate beneficial effects in animal models.The best validated of these compounds are structurally related to known urea-type NAMPT inhibitors,however the basis for the switch from inhibitory activity to activation is not well understood.Here we report an evaluation of the structure activity relationships of NAMPT activators by designing,synthesising and testing compounds from other NAMPT ligand chemotypes and mimetics of putative phosphoribosylated adducts of known activators.The results of these studies led us to hypothesise that these activators act via a through-water interaction in the NAMPT active site,resulting in the design of the first known urea-class NAMPT activator that does not utilise a pyridine-like warhead,which shows similar or greater activity as a NAMPT activator in biochemical and cellular assays relative to known analogues.
文摘The work reports the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphene oxides(rGO)in the ionic liquid[BMIm][NTf_(2)]through microwave decomposition reaction.Ni@rGO with the polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)as binder was positively tested for its response towards the oxidizing gas nitrogen dioxide(10 ppm in air),the reducing gas carbon monoxide(3000 ppm in N_(2))and the volatile organic compound(VOC)acetone(35,000 ppm in air).The results from different gases were compared at different temperatures with the best results for NO_(2) at 200℃.Additionally,it is shown for NO_(2) gas that the Ni@rGO-PEDOT:PSS polymer composite gives better results than the rGO-PEDOT:PSS polymer composite.After the heat treatment the oxidation state of pure nickel nanoparticles were confirmed by powder diffraction.