Future quantum technology relies crucially on building quantum networks with high fidelity.To achieve this challenging goal,it is of utmost importance to connect individual quantum systems such that their emitted sing...Future quantum technology relies crucially on building quantum networks with high fidelity.To achieve this challenging goal,it is of utmost importance to connect individual quantum systems such that their emitted single photons overlap with the highest possible degree of coherence.This requires perfect mode overlap of the emitted light from different emitters,which necessitates the use of single-mode fibres.Here,we present an advanced manufacturing approach to accomplish this task.We combined 3D printed complex micro-optics,such as hemispherical and Weierstrass solid immersion lenses,as well as total internal reflection solid immersion lenses,on top of individual indium arsenide quantum dots with 3D printed optics on single-mode fibres and compared their key features.We observed a systematic increase in the collection efficiency under variations of the lens geometry from roughly 2 for hemispheric solid immersion lenses up to a maximum of greater than 9 for the total internal reflection geometry.Furthermore,the temperature-induced stress was estimated for these particular lens dimensions and results to be approximately 5 meV.Interestingly,the use of solid immersion lenses further increased the localisation accuracy of the emitters to less than 1 nm when acquiring micro-photoluminescence maps.Furthermore,we show that the single-photon character of the source is preserved after device fabrication,reaching a g^((2))(0)value of approximately 0.19 under pulsed optical excitation.The printed lens device can be further joined with an optical fibre and permanently fixed.This integrated system can be cooled by dipping into liquid helium using a Stirling cryocooler or by a closed-cycle helium cryostat without the necessity for optical windows,as all access is through the integrated single-mode fibre.We identify the ideal optical designs and present experiments that demonstrate excellent high-rate single-photon emission.展开更多
基金We acknowledge the financial support of the German Federal Ministry of Science and Education[Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung(BMBF)]via the projects Printoptics,Printfunction,and Q.link.X 16KIS0862support via the project EMPIR 17FUN06 SIQUST+1 种基金This project received funding from Baden-Württemberg-Stiftung via the Opterial projectThis project received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the participating states and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.Furthermore,funding was received from the European Research Council(ERC)via the projects AdG ComplexPlas and PoC 3D PrintedOptics.It was also funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)via the projects SPP1839,SPP1929,GRK2642,as well as the Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology(IQST).
文摘Future quantum technology relies crucially on building quantum networks with high fidelity.To achieve this challenging goal,it is of utmost importance to connect individual quantum systems such that their emitted single photons overlap with the highest possible degree of coherence.This requires perfect mode overlap of the emitted light from different emitters,which necessitates the use of single-mode fibres.Here,we present an advanced manufacturing approach to accomplish this task.We combined 3D printed complex micro-optics,such as hemispherical and Weierstrass solid immersion lenses,as well as total internal reflection solid immersion lenses,on top of individual indium arsenide quantum dots with 3D printed optics on single-mode fibres and compared their key features.We observed a systematic increase in the collection efficiency under variations of the lens geometry from roughly 2 for hemispheric solid immersion lenses up to a maximum of greater than 9 for the total internal reflection geometry.Furthermore,the temperature-induced stress was estimated for these particular lens dimensions and results to be approximately 5 meV.Interestingly,the use of solid immersion lenses further increased the localisation accuracy of the emitters to less than 1 nm when acquiring micro-photoluminescence maps.Furthermore,we show that the single-photon character of the source is preserved after device fabrication,reaching a g^((2))(0)value of approximately 0.19 under pulsed optical excitation.The printed lens device can be further joined with an optical fibre and permanently fixed.This integrated system can be cooled by dipping into liquid helium using a Stirling cryocooler or by a closed-cycle helium cryostat without the necessity for optical windows,as all access is through the integrated single-mode fibre.We identify the ideal optical designs and present experiments that demonstrate excellent high-rate single-photon emission.
