Discourse Analysis of the Belt and Road Initiative From the Perspective of Central Asian Countries: A Case Study of the Republic of Kazakhstan

This study employs Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis(CDA)three-dimensional model,using the Republic of Kazakhstan as a case study,to delve into the discourse construction of China’s Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)in Central Asian countries.Through detailed analysis of policy documents,media reports,and public discussions in Central Asian countries,this paper reveals how the BRI constructs specific social practices,discourse events,and textual meanings within these nations.The findings indicate that through this global development strategy,China has not only strengthened its economic ties with Central Asian countries but has also exerted profound influences on political,cultural,and social levels.

Application of Recursive Query on Structured Query Language Server

The advantage of recursive programming is that it is very easy to write and it only requires very few lines of code if done correctly.Structured query language(SQL)is a database language and is used to manipulate data.In Microsoft SQL Server 2000,recursive queries are implemented to retrieve data which is presented in a hierarchical format,but this way has its disadvantages.Common table expression(CTE)construction introduced in Microsoft SQL Server 2005 provides the significant advantage of being able to reference itself to create a recursive CTE.Hierarchical data structures,organizational charts and other parent-child table relationship reports can easily benefit from the use of recursive CTEs.The recursive query is illustrated and implemented on some simple hierarchical data.In addition,one business case study is brought forward and the solution using recursive query based on CTE is shown.At the same time,stored procedures are programmed to do the recursion in SQL.Test results show that recursive queries based on CTEs bring us the chance to create much more complex queries while retaining a much simpler syntax.

Review of Infrared signature suppression systems using optical blocking method

With rapid advancements in Infra-Red (IR) detection techniques, the range from where the IR-guided missiles are able to lock the target aircraft has increased. To avoid the detection and tracking by modern IR-guided missiles, the aircraft and helicopters also demand progress in its stealth techniques. Hence, study of Infra-Red Signature Suppression (IRSS) systems in aircraft and helicopters has become vital even in design stage. Optical blocking (masking) is one of the effective IRSS techniques used to block the Line- Of-Sight (LOS) of the hot engine parts of the exhaust geometry. This paper reviews the various patents on IR signature suppression systems based on the optical blocking method or a combination of IRSS techniques. The performance penalties generated due to installation of various IRSS methods in aircraft and helicopters are also discussed.

Orientation-dependent Hydrodynamic Instabilities from Chemo-Marangoni Cells to Large Scale Interfacial Deformations

在化学和 interfacial-tension-driven 水动力学不稳定性之间的相互影响试验性地被学习了。系统手头上由分开的二不能混合的液体组成一开始界面的反应在发生在 situ 生产表面活化剂的飞机接口。系统的动力学关于严肃的向量取决于 Hele 杂木林房间的取向，这被识别。如果 Hele 杂木林房间垂直地被放，有精力旺盛的传送对流的 Marangoni 房间沿着一个将近平面的接口在两个阶段发展。然而，如果 Hele 杂木林房间被倾斜离开严肃，在系统的不稳定性被大规模描绘有和 chemo-Marangoni 传送对流的时间空间的频率的界面的变丑。焦点在从细胞的模式的转变的探索上到大规模界面的变丑。

Ni–P coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy and its crystallization

Amorphous Ni-P coating was plated on AZ31 magnesium alloy via the electroless plating technique, and the plated alloy was subsequently annealed. X-ray dif- fraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） were used to characterize the coating. The results show that the hardness of the coating is much higher than that of bare magnesium alloy, which further increases after crystallization. The electrochemical polarization and salt spray tests show that the coating exhibits a much higher corrosion resistance than that of the bare magnesium alloy. Moreover, the crystallized coating still exhibits a much stronger corrosion resistance than that of the bare magnesium alloy, although its corrosion resistance is lower than that of the as-plated one.

Effect of temperature and stress on molecular structure and carbon monoxide generation of lignite from Kailuan mining area

In order to analyze the origin of carbon monoxide(CO) in coal seams, stress–strain experiments under temperature of 50, 150 and 250 °C were conducted using lignite from Kailuan mining area. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis were carried out before and after deformation of the samples. The results indicated that CO generated at 150 and 250 °C; the gas component was mostly oxygen(O_2), with small amount of carbon dioxide(CO_2), methane(CH_4) and hydrogen(H_2). At 50 °C, O_2 and a little CO_2 were observed and no CO was found. The carbon content of the coal samples increased slightly after deformation, and the oxygen content, H/C ratio, and O/C ratio decreased. The molecular structure of coal displayed different evolution characteristics at various temperatures. At 50 and 150 °C, the falling off of side chains, broken of ether bond and directional realignment of the aliphatic chains resulting in the formation of long chains were the main performance of coal molecular structure evolution. While at 250 °C, the side chains fell off and short chains formed. Furthermore, at both 150 and 250 °C, condensed degree of aromatic ring increased. Under the action of temperature and pressure, CO forms in two ways.The first is that ether bond breaks, oxygen and carbon atoms combine together and forms CO, or O_2 forming in the broken of ether–oxygen bond leads to the oxidation of free radicals and resulting in the formation of CO. And the second is that CO derives from falling off of C=O group.

Highly Efficient Lattice Boltzmann Model for Compressible Fluids:Two-Dimensional Case

We present a highly efficient lattice Boltzmann model for simulating compressible Hows.This model isbased on the combination of an appropriate finite difference scheme,a 16-discrete-velocity model[Kataoka and Tsutahara,Phys.Rev.E 69(2004)035701(R)]and reasonable dispersion and dissipation terms.The dispersion term effectivelyreduces the oscillation at the discontinuity and enhances numerical precision.The dissipation term makes the new modelmore easily meet with the von Neumann stability condition.This model works for both high-speed and low-speed flowswith arbitrary specific-heat-ratio.With the new model simulation results for the well-known benchmark problems geta high accuracy compared with the analytic or experimental ones.The used benchmark tests include(i)Shock tubessuch as the Sod,Lax,Sjogreen,Colella explosion wave,and collision of two strong shocks,(ii)Regular and Mach shockreflections,and(iii)Shock wave reaction on cylindrical bubble problems.With a more realistic equation of state orfree-energy functional,the new model has the potential tostudy the complex procedure of shock wave reaction on porousmaterials.

A new method of characterizing equivalent strain for equal channel angular processing

In order to establish the quantitative relationship between equivalent strain and the performance index of the deformed material within the range of certain passes for equal channel angular processing (ECAP), a new approach to characterize the equivalent strain was proposed. The results show that there exists better accordance between mechanical property (such as hardness or strength) and equivalent strain after rolling and ECAP in a certain range of deformation amount, and Gauss equation can be satisfied among the equivalent strain and the mechanical properties for ECAP. Through regression analysis on the data of hardness and strength after the deformation, a more generalized expression of equivalent strain for ECAP is proposed as: ε=k0exp[-(k1M-k2)2], where M is the strength or hardness of the material, k1 is the modified coefficient (k1 ∈ (0, 1)), k0 and k2 are two parameters dependent on the critical strain and mechanical property that reaches saturation state for the material, respectively. In this expression the equivalent strain for ECAP is characterized novelly through the mechanical parameter relating to material property rather than the classical geometry equation.

Reaction mechanism of self-propagating magnesiothermic reduction of ZrB_2 powders

Fine zirconium diboride （ZrB2） powders with high purity were successfully prepared by combustion synthesis through magnesiothermic reduction process in Mg-B2O3-ZrO2 system. The reaction mechanism was investigated by differential thermal analysis and quenching experiment. The results show that the whole magnesio-thermic reduction process includes three stages： first, molten B2O3 and Mg formed above the temperature of 650 ℃, and glassy B2O3 and solid ZrO2 particles were coated on the surface of the molten Mg; thus, the hollow balls can be formed when the molten Mg was exuded under capillary function. Second, ZrO2 particles reacted with molten Mg to form Zr and MgO with dissolution-precip-itation mechanism, which released a large amount of heat to induce the diffusion reaction between B203 and Mg to form B and MgO. Last, Zr reacted with B to form ZrB2 grains. The preparation of ZrB2 by self-propagating syn-thesis in Mg-B2O3-ZrO2 system is a solid-liquid-liquid reaction.

Finite-Difference Lattice Boltzmann Scheme for High-Speed Compressible Flow:Two-Dimensional Case

Lattice Boltzmann (LB) modeling of high-speed compressible flows has long been attempted by variousauthors.One common weakness of most of previous models is the instability problem when the Mach number ofthe flow is large.In this paper we present a finite-difference LB model,which works for flows with flexible ratios ofspecific heats and a wide range of Mach number,from 0 to 30 or higher.Besides the discrete-velocity-model by Watari[Physica A 382 (2007) 502],a modified Lax-Wendroff finite difference scheme and an artificial viscosity are introduced.The combination of the finite-difference scheme and the adding of artificial viscosity must find a ba/ance of numericalstability versus accuracy.The proposed model is validated by recovering results of some well-known benchmark tests:shock tubes and shock reflections.The new model may be used to track shock waves and/or to study the non-equilibriumprocedure in the transition between the regular and Mach reflections of shock waves,etc.

Study on straw incineration monitoring based on the combination of remote sensing image

Straw incineration monitor is a key part of international environmental governance.In the paper,the combination of MODIS,MUX and TLC remote sensors is used to monitor straw burning fire points accurately.MODIS remote sensor has the characteristics of high temporal resolution and thermal infrared band,which can be used to judge the regional thermal abnormal variation and preliminary extract the suspicious thermal abnormal points.Combining with GIS information,the preliminary position of MODIS thermal abnormal points can be acquired.The MUX and TLC sensors of ZY-3 satellite in the preliminary position area can be pretreated,which includes radiometric calibration,atmospheric correction,geometric precision correction,ortho-rectification,etc.Through analyzing the physical properties and spectral information in the straw incineration area,the interpretation features of the straw incineration area will be determined.Then the high geographical resolution fusion image with two meters resolution can be interpreted,and the information of fire-point in high geographical resolution remote sensor can be extracted.Combining with the Google earth map to compare interpretation images in different time range of this area,and using ArcGIS platform to accurately position the confirmed fire point,the final position of the fire can be determined.Correspondingly,the combination of remote sensing sensors with high,medium and low resolution can be used to monitor the straw incineration point in county area.In experimental area,there are twenty-three straw burning fire points are found.The experimental results show that,this method can realize precise monitoring of straw incineration point in county area.However,straw incineration point monitoring in real time still need to be further investigated.

Prediction and Analysis of O3 Based on the ARIMA Model

Despite of the small amount in the atmosphere,ozone is one of the most critical atmospheric component as it protects human beings and any other life on the earth from the sun's high frequency ultraviolet radiation. In recent decades,the global ozone depletion caused by human activities is w ell know n and produces an " ozone hole",the most direct consequence of w hich is the increase in ultraviolet radiation,w hich w ill affect human survival,climatic environment,ecological environment and other important adverse impacts. Due to the implementation of the M ontreal protocol and other agreement,the total amount of ozone depleting substance in the atmosphere has been prominent reduced,w hich w ill lead to a new round of regional climate change.Therefore,predicting the changes of the total ozone in the future w ill have an important guiding significance for predicting the future climate change and making reasonable measures to deal w ith the climate change. In this paper,based on the ozone data of 1979 to 2016 in the southern hemisphere and ARIM A model algorithm,using time series analysis,w e obtain prediction effect of ARIM A model is good by Ljung-Box Q-test and R^2,and the model can be used to predict the future ozone change. With the help of SPSS softw are,the future trend of the total ozone can be predicted in the future 50 years. Based on the above experiment results,the global ozone change in the future 50 years can be forecasted,namely the atmospheric ozone layer w ill return to its 1980's standard by the middle of this century at the global scale.

MC/DC Test Data Generation Algorithm Based on Whale Genetic Algorithm

The automatic generation of test data is a key step in realizing automated testing.Most automated testing tools for unit testing only provide test case execution drivers and cannot generate test data that meets coverage requirements.This paper presents an improved Whale Genetic Algorithm for generating test data re-quired for unit testing MC/DC coverage.The proposed algorithm introduces an elite retention strategy to avoid the genetic algorithm from falling into iterative degradation.At the same time,the mutation threshold of the whale algorithm is introduced to balance the global exploration and local search capabilities of the genetic al-gorithm.The threshold is dynamically adjusted according to the diversity and evolution stage of current popu-lation,which positively guides the evolution of the population.Finally,an improved crossover strategy is pro-posed to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm.The improved whale genetic algorithm is compared with genetic algorithm,whale algorithm and particle swarm algorithm on two benchmark programs.The results show that the proposed algorithm is faster for test data generation than comparison methods and can provide better coverage with fewer evaluations,and has great advantages in generating test data.

Analysis of Infrared Divergence in OZI-Forbidden Decays of Orthoquarkonia

调查 orthoquarkoknium 的禁止 OZI 的腐烂有趣， J/ψ→ γπ0(γη ， γη') ， J/ψ→ π +π−(π0π0) 。乍看之下，在上述过程有红外线的分叉。在这个工作，我们与最后的州的光的轻锥波浪功能使用因式分解方法清除薄雾介子。我们正直地证明红外线的分叉能完全被消除。

An Improved Method to Prepare FePO4 by Introduction of Na3PO4 and Its Usage for Fabricating LiFePO4

A LiFePO4/C composite was synthesized by a simple solid-state reaction method using glucose as reductive agent and carbon source and FePO4 as precursor, which was prepared by introduction of Na3PO4 as phosphorus source and pH regulator in order to pursue lower cost and environmental protection. The structure and morphology of FePO4 and LiFePO4/C were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Furthermore, electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C was investigated by galvanostatic charge–discharge tests and cyclicvoltammogram(CV). The results indicate that FePO4 obtained has a small particle size and uniform particle distribution, which is demonstrated to be applicable as the iron source to synthesize LiFePO4/C. Prepared LiFePO4/C shows an excellent rate capability and cycle performance. At rates of 0.1 C, 0.2 C, 1 C and 2 C, the initial discharge capacities of 161, 158, 145 and 120 mAh/g were achieved, respectively and the discharge capacity is 154, 153, 140 and 116 mAh/g after 400 cycles. The employed method of preparing FePO4 by introduction of Na3PO4 has advantages such as low cost, safe raw material, environmental benign and recyclable products, which is suitable for industrial production.

Electronic Structure and Optical Property Calculation of an Oxygen Vacancy in NH_4H_2PO_4 Crystals

The electronic structure of perfect ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(ADP) and defective ADP with an oxygen(O) vacancy are calculated by screened-exchange hybrid density functional HSE06. The optimized structural parameters of the defective ADP crystal are analyzed. The PO_4 tetrahedron with an O vacancy is distorted and its symmetry is broken. The band gap of the defective ADP with an O vacancy is about 1.5 eV lower than the perfect ADP, which is due to the new O vacancy defect states near the valence band maximum. Moreover, more peaks appear in the low-energy region(lower than 6 eV) in the curves of the linear optical properties for the defective ADP. The results indicate that the O vacancy will significantly influence the laser damage performance of ADP crystals.

A NEW EFFICIENT METHOD TO BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR BALLISTIC ROCKET GUIDANCE

The exploitation of rocket guidance technology on the basis of the guidance law of Space Shuttle and Pegasus rocket was performed. A new efficient method of numerical iteration solution to the boundary value problem was put forward. The numerical simulation results have shown that the method features good performances of stability, robustness, high precision, and algebraic formulas in real computation. By virtue of modern DSP （digital signal processor ） high speed chip technology, the algorithm can be used in real time and can adaot to the requirements of the big primary bias of rocket guidance.

Flux Limiter Lattice Boltzmann Scheme Approach to Compressible Flows with Flexible Specific-Heat Ratio and Prandtl Number

We further develop the lattice Boltzmann (LB) model [Physica A 382 (2007) 502] for compressible flows fromtwo aspects.Firstly,we modify the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) collision term in the LB equation,which makes themodel suitable for simulating flows with different Prandtl numbers.Secondly,the flux limiter finite difference (FLFD)scheme is employed to calculate the convection term of the LB equation,which makes the unphysical oscillations atdiscontinuities be effectively suppressed and the numerical dissipations be significantly diminished.The proposed modelis validated by recovering results of some well-known benchmarks,including (i) The thermal Couette Row;(ii) One- andtwo-dimensional Riemann problems.Good agreements are obtained between LB results and the exact ones or previouslyreported solutions.The Rexibility,together with the high accuracy of the new model,endows the proposed modelconsiderable potential for tracking some long-standing problems and for investigating nonlinear nonequilibrium complexsystems.

Thermal simulation of single thermal cycle for high strength steel pipe

Single thermal cycle simulation tests were carried out for X80 high strength steel pipes from three steel mills by a Gleeble 3500HS thermal simulation test machine,and coincidence degree of the thermal simulation curve with the set curve under heat inputs of 6–30 kJ/cm was observed;The relationship between different heat inputs and microstructure,impact toughness and hardness of steel pipe CGHAZ(coarse grain heat affected zone)was studied by metallographic examination,impact test and hardness test.The results show that with the increase of heat input,original austenite grain size increases gradually,the lath bainite ratio decreases and the granular bainite ratio increases.The impact toughness of C steel pipe is lower than those of A and B steel pipe,and the impact toughness of CGHAZ from the three steel pipes show different trends:for A steel pipe CGHAZ,impact toughness increases first and then decreases,with the highest value of 270–320 J under 20–25 kJ/cm;for B steel pipe CGHAZ,impact toughness decreases slightly;for C steel pipe CGHAZ,impact toughness increases,with the highest value of 260–300 J under 25 kJ/cm.As the heat input increases,the hardness of three X80 steel pipes CGHAZ shows a decreasing trhighend,and C steel pipe has the largest decreasing range.

The Dual-Polarized Staggered Stacked Patches Antenna

A new dual-polarized staggered and stacked patches antenna with wide impedance band-width and high isolation is proposed.The antenna consists of two groups of radiation patches,in 7 layers,and uses the orthogonal adjacent coupling structure on staggered layer to excite a pair of linear polarization modes.Thanks to the staggered feeder mode,it has increased the isolation performance be-tween ports and compressed the transverse size of the antenna.As a result of the combination of staggered stack-up between the patches and the stepped gradient shape of the main radiating patches,it has effectively expanded the impedance bandwidth of the antenna.The proposed antenna is simulated,fabricated and measured.The staggered feeding structure effectively reduces the cross-sectional area of the antenna,and greatly improves the isolation between feeding ports.The measurement results show that the impedance bandwidths for vertical and horizontal polarization modes are 40.2%(638-960 MHz)and 40.0%(645-968 MHz)respectively when the return loss is lower than-10 dB,and the isolation between feeding ports is better than-30 dB.Meanwhile,the antenna has a stable and symmetrical radiation pattern across the working band,therefore making it suitable to be used as antenna and antenna array element of mobile wireless communication base stations.