Increasing evidence suggests that food ingested polyphenols can have beneficial effects in neuronal protection acting against oxidative stress and inflammatory injury. Moreover, polyphenols have been reported to promo...Increasing evidence suggests that food ingested polyphenols can have beneficial effects in neuronal protection acting against oxidative stress and inflammatory injury. Moreover, polyphenols have been reported to promote cognitive functions. Biotransformation of polyphenols is needed to obtain metabolites active in brain and it occurs through their processing by gut microbiota. Polyphenols metabolites could directly act as neurotransmitters crossing the blood-brain barrier or indirectly by modulating the cerebrovascular system. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is considered a neuroendocrine system that acts bidirectionally and plays an important role in stress responses. The metabolites produced by microbiota metabolism can modulate gut bacterial composition and brain biochemistry acting as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Gut microbiota composition can be influenced by dietary ingestion of natural bioactive molecules such as probiotics, prebiotics and polyphenol. Microbiota composition can be altered by dietary changes and gastrointestinal dysfunctions are observed in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, several pieces of evidence support the idea that alterations in gut microbiota and enteric neuroimmune system could contribute to onset and progression of these age-related disorders. The impact of polyphenols on microbiota composition strengthens the idea that maintaining a healthy microbiome by modulating diet is essential for having a healthy brain across the lifespan. Moreover, it is emerging that they could be used as novel therapeutics to prevent brain from neurodegeneration.展开更多
Beneficial interactions of rhizosphere microorganisms are widely exploited for plant biofertilization and mitigation of biotic and abiotic constraints.To provide new insights into the onset of the roots–beneficial mi...Beneficial interactions of rhizosphere microorganisms are widely exploited for plant biofertilization and mitigation of biotic and abiotic constraints.To provide new insights into the onset of the roots–beneficial microorganisms interplay,we characterised the transcriptomes expressed in tomato roots at 24,48 and 72 h post inoculation with the beneficial fungus Trichoderma harzianum T22 and analysed the epigenetic and post-trascriptional regulation mechanisms.We detected 1243 tomato transcripts that were differentially expressed between Trichoderma-interacting and control roots and 83 T.harzianum transcripts that were differentially expressed between the three experimental time points.Interaction with Trichoderma triggered a transcriptional response mainly ascribable to signal recognition and transduction,stress response,transcriptional regulation and transport.In tomato roots,salicylic acid,and not jasmonate,appears to have a prominent role in orchestrating the interplay with this beneficial strain.Differential regulation of many nutrient transporter genes indicated a strong effect on plant nutrition processes,which,together with the possible modifications in root architecture triggered by ethylene/indole-3-acetic acid signalling at 72 h post inoculation may concur to the well-described growth-promotion ability of this strain.Alongside,T.harzianum-induced defence priming and stress tolerance may be mediated by the induction of reactive oxygen species,detoxification and defence genes.A deeper insight into gene expression and regulation control provided first evidences for the involvement of cytosine methylation and alternative splicing mechanisms in the plant–Trichoderma interaction.A model is proposed that integrates the plant transcriptomic responses in the roots,where interaction between the plant and beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms occurs.展开更多
Many studies showed that few degrees above tomato optimum growth temperature threshold can lead to serious loss in production.Therefore,the development of innovative strategies to obtain tomato cultivars with improved...Many studies showed that few degrees above tomato optimum growth temperature threshold can lead to serious loss in production.Therefore,the development of innovative strategies to obtain tomato cultivars with improved yield under high temperature conditions is a main goal both for basic genetic studies and breeding activities.In this paper,a F4 segregating population was phenotypically evaluated for quantitative and qualitative traits under heat stress conditions.Moreover,a genotyping by sequencing(GBS)approach has been employed for building up genomic selection(GS)models both for yield and soluble solid content(SCC).Several parameters,including training population size,composition and marker quality were tested to predict genotype performance under heat stress conditions.A good prediction accuracy for the two analyzed traits(0.729 for yield production and 0.715 for SCC)was obtained.The predicted models improved the genetic gain of selection in the next breeding cycles,suggesting that GS approach is a promising strategy to accelerate breeding for heat tolerance in tomato.Finally,the annotation of SNPs located in gene body regions combined with QTL analysis allowed the identification of five candidates putatively involved in high temperatures response,and the building up of a GS model based on calibrated panel of SNP markers.展开更多
Almond[Prunus dulcis Miller(D.A.Webb)]is the main tree nut species worldwide.Here,genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)was applied to 149 almond cultivars from the ex situ collections of the Italian Council for Agricultural R...Almond[Prunus dulcis Miller(D.A.Webb)]is the main tree nut species worldwide.Here,genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)was applied to 149 almond cultivars from the ex situ collections of the Italian Council for Agricultural Research(CREA)and the Spanish National Research Council(CSIC),leading to the detection of 93,119 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).The study of population structure outlined four distinct genetic groups and highlighted diversification between the Mediterranean and Californian gene pools.Data on SNP diversity and runs of homozygosity(ROHs)allowed the definition of kinship,inbreeding,and linkage disequilibrium(LD)decay in almond cultivated germplasm.Four-year phenotypic observations,gathered on 98 cultivars of the CREA collection,were used to perform a genome-wide association study(GWAS)and,for the first time in a crop species,homozygosity mapping(HM),resulting in the identification of genomic associations with nut,shell,and seed weight.Both GWAS and HM suggested that loci controlling nut and seed weight are mostly independent.Overall,this study provides insights on the almond cultivation history and delivers information of major interest for almond genetics and breeding.In a broader perspective,our results encourage the use of ROHs in crop science to estimate inbreeding,choose parental combinations minimizing the risk of inbreeding depression,and identify genomic footprints of selection for specific traits.展开更多
Seedlessness represents a highly appreciated trait in table grapes.Based on an interesting case of seedless fruit production described in the crop species Annona squamosa,we focused on the Vitis vinifera INNER NO OUTE...Seedlessness represents a highly appreciated trait in table grapes.Based on an interesting case of seedless fruit production described in the crop species Annona squamosa,we focused on the Vitis vinifera INNER NO OUTER(INO)gene as a candidate.This gene encodes a transcription factor belonging to the YABBY family involved in the determination of abaxial identity in several organs.In Arabidopsis thaliana,this gene was shown to be essential for the formation and asymmetric growth of the ovule outer integument and its mutation leads to a phenotypic defect of ovules and failure in seed formation.In this study,we identified in silico the V.vinifera orthologue and investigated its phylogenetic relationship to INO genes from other species and its expression in different organs in seeded and seedless varieties.Applying cross-species complementation,we have tested its functionality in the Arabidopsis ino-1 mutant.We show that the V.vinifera INO successfully rescues the ovule outer integument growth and seeds set and also partially complements the outer integument asymmetric growth in the Arabidopsis mutant,differently from orthologues from other species.These data demonstrate that VviINO retains similar activity and protein targets in grapevine as in Arabidopsis.Potential implications for grapevine breeding are discussed.展开更多
In the framework of forest resources conservation, this study aims to understand the dynamic and the genetic structure of sessile oak forests in Calabria, Italy. Two old populations of sessile oak(Quercus petraea(Matt...In the framework of forest resources conservation, this study aims to understand the dynamic and the genetic structure of sessile oak forests in Calabria, Italy. Two old populations of sessile oak(Quercus petraea(Mattuschka) Liebl.) from two areas of Sila and Aspromonte massifs in Calabria were analyzed for genetic diversity and population structure based on 6 nuclear simple sequence repeat(nSSR) and 4 chloroplastic SSR(cpSSR) loci. The populations displayed high amount of genetic diversity, which was toughly structured according to their geographical origins. Number of alleles at SSR loci ranged from 11 to 20 with an average of 13.5 per locus. Gene diversity(expected heterozygosity, He) estimates ranged from 0.575 to 0.834 with a mean of 0.749. The observed heterozygosity(Ho) was on average 0.458 ranging from 0.150 to 0.682. Polymorphism information content(PIC) values ranged from 0.625 to 0.865 with an average of 0.787. The analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) highlighted a significant higher estimated variance within populations compared to among populations. Finally, the analysis of haplotypes by using cpSSR suggested a higher diversification in the population from Sila. Hierarchical clustering analysis grouped the genotypes into two major clusters, which agreed with the geographic origin of populations, and was confirmed by the Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components(DAPC). The first cluster included plants/population from Sila massif, while the second encompassed mostly plants/population sampled in Aspromonte massif. Finally, model-based clustering by STRUCTURE analysis also supported the presence of clear genetic structuring in the collection with two major populations(K=2) supported to PCoA analysis as well. Finally, our data indicated the Aspromonte population as a marginal forest with fragmented distribution suggesting different strategies of preservation than in Sila massif.展开更多
A collecting mission was carried out in south-west Romania in October 2013 with the aims: (1) to collect autochthonous crop genetic resources which still present in the south-west of Romania; (2) to assess the pr...A collecting mission was carried out in south-west Romania in October 2013 with the aims: (1) to collect autochthonous crop genetic resources which still present in the south-west of Romania; (2) to assess the presence of on farm of plant genetic resources; (3) to determine the species and the amount of genetic diversity still cultivated and (4) to obtain information from germplasm owners to be used to evaluate the feasibility of an on farm conservation program. Out of 24 explored towns, in 8, landraces were grown and in all, instances seeds could be obtained. Fifty-three accessions from different crop species were collected in 17 sites, belonging to 10 botanical families, of which solanaceae was the most represented (32%), followed by fabaceae (17%), cueurbitaceae (11%) and alliaceae and brassicaceae (9%). As expected, vegetable crops were the most collected, reaching a value as 58.5%, spices 20.8%, while pulses 15.1% and cereals 5.7% of the total. This collecting mission showed that in internal areas of Romania, germplasm of old landraces of many vegetable and crop species still survive, and indicated the urgency to continue also in other agricultural districts of Romania.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases are becoming a big challenge for modern society.Neurodegenerative disorders strongly impact on patient and their caregivers.Moreover, since the population is becoming older, these pathologie...Neurodegenerative diseases are becoming a big challenge for modern society.Neurodegenerative disorders strongly impact on patient and their caregivers.Moreover, since the population is becoming older, these pathologies will deeply influence medical and socio-economic conditions in the next years.Therefore, efforts are needed to find new strategies devoted to define new protocols and identify novel substances able to prevent neurodegeneration or to improve the quality of life of people affected by neurodegenerative diseases(Alzheimer's Disease International, 2019).展开更多
The response of rice to salt stress(200 mmol/L NaCl)was investigated at the transcription level in Egyptian varieties Giza 177(salt sensitive variety)and Giza 178(salt tolerant variety).We applied a genome-wide RNA-Se...The response of rice to salt stress(200 mmol/L NaCl)was investigated at the transcription level in Egyptian varieties Giza 177(salt sensitive variety)and Giza 178(salt tolerant variety).We applied a genome-wide RNA-Seq transcriptome study at 21-day-old seedlings of both varieties,exposed or not to salt stress for 24 h.展开更多
Cytisus aeolicus is a narrow endemic species restricted to the Aeolian archipelago(SE Tyrrhenian Sea,Italy)and it is one of the most evolutionarily isolated plants in the Mediterranean flora.Historical and literature ...Cytisus aeolicus is a narrow endemic species restricted to the Aeolian archipelago(SE Tyrrhenian Sea,Italy)and it is one of the most evolutionarily isolated plants in the Mediterranean flora.Historical and literature data suggest that both metapopulations and isolated individuals of C.aeolicus are gradually shrinking.Field investigations and drone images demonstrate that the C.aeolicus metapopulation from Stromboli experienced a strikingly fast increase during the last decades.As of 2019,more than 7000±3000 mature individuals occur on Stromboli,i.e.14 to 20 times more than those counted during the last census,25 years ago.The diachronic analysis of aerial photos concerning last 80 years and the analysis of the growth rings of some selected plants pointed out that the surface occupied,the demographic structure and the distribution pattern of the subpopulations of Stromboli has been highly fluctuating during last decades.Moreover,data issuing from field observations in permanent plots placed in a transect between two isolated mature individuals showed that,under natural conditions,the germination rate of the seedlings of C.aeolicus can be very high and their establishment rate may exceed 40%.By contrast,seedlings mortality is subject to strong annual fluctuations.Additionally,the pollen morphology of the Strombolian metapopulation of this rare and isolated species is studied here for the first time.Contrary to what is stated in recent literature,the C.aeolicus metapopulation from Stromboli is healthy and very dynamic,albeit frequently damaged by the volcanic activity.Regular and repeated field surveys carried out during 3 years(2017-2019)allowed improving our knowledge on the life cycle of C.aeolicus and a new extinction risk assessment of the species,according to IUCN criteria,is presented.展开更多
Drought stress imposes a major constraint over a crop yield and can be expected to grow in importance if the climate change predicted comes about.Improved methods are needed to facilitate crop management via the promp...Drought stress imposes a major constraint over a crop yield and can be expected to grow in importance if the climate change predicted comes about.Improved methods are needed to facilitate crop management via the prompt detection of the onset of stress.Here,we report the use of an in vivo OECT(organic electrochemical transistor)sensor,termed as bioristor,in the context of the drought response of the tomato plant.The device was integrated within the plant’s stem,thereby allowing for the continuous monitoring of the plant’s physiological status throughout its life cycle.Bioristor was able to detect changes of ion concentration in the sap upon drought,in particular,those dissolved and transported through the transpiration stream,thus efficiently detecting the occurrence of drought stress immediately after the priming of the defence responses.The bioristor’s acquired data were coupled with those obtained in a high-throughput phenotyping platform revealing the extreme complementarity of these methods to investigate the mechanisms triggered by the plant during the drought stress event.展开更多
基金supported by Italian Ministry of Health ‘‘Ricerca Corrente”(to SF)
文摘Increasing evidence suggests that food ingested polyphenols can have beneficial effects in neuronal protection acting against oxidative stress and inflammatory injury. Moreover, polyphenols have been reported to promote cognitive functions. Biotransformation of polyphenols is needed to obtain metabolites active in brain and it occurs through their processing by gut microbiota. Polyphenols metabolites could directly act as neurotransmitters crossing the blood-brain barrier or indirectly by modulating the cerebrovascular system. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is considered a neuroendocrine system that acts bidirectionally and plays an important role in stress responses. The metabolites produced by microbiota metabolism can modulate gut bacterial composition and brain biochemistry acting as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Gut microbiota composition can be influenced by dietary ingestion of natural bioactive molecules such as probiotics, prebiotics and polyphenol. Microbiota composition can be altered by dietary changes and gastrointestinal dysfunctions are observed in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, several pieces of evidence support the idea that alterations in gut microbiota and enteric neuroimmune system could contribute to onset and progression of these age-related disorders. The impact of polyphenols on microbiota composition strengthens the idea that maintaining a healthy microbiome by modulating diet is essential for having a healthy brain across the lifespan. Moreover, it is emerging that they could be used as novel therapeutics to prevent brain from neurodegeneration.
基金supported by research grants from the Italian Ministry of Education,University and Research(projects GenoPOM PON02_00395_3082360 and CL.A.N.Agri-Food CTN01_00230_240864).
文摘Beneficial interactions of rhizosphere microorganisms are widely exploited for plant biofertilization and mitigation of biotic and abiotic constraints.To provide new insights into the onset of the roots–beneficial microorganisms interplay,we characterised the transcriptomes expressed in tomato roots at 24,48 and 72 h post inoculation with the beneficial fungus Trichoderma harzianum T22 and analysed the epigenetic and post-trascriptional regulation mechanisms.We detected 1243 tomato transcripts that were differentially expressed between Trichoderma-interacting and control roots and 83 T.harzianum transcripts that were differentially expressed between the three experimental time points.Interaction with Trichoderma triggered a transcriptional response mainly ascribable to signal recognition and transduction,stress response,transcriptional regulation and transport.In tomato roots,salicylic acid,and not jasmonate,appears to have a prominent role in orchestrating the interplay with this beneficial strain.Differential regulation of many nutrient transporter genes indicated a strong effect on plant nutrition processes,which,together with the possible modifications in root architecture triggered by ethylene/indole-3-acetic acid signalling at 72 h post inoculation may concur to the well-described growth-promotion ability of this strain.Alongside,T.harzianum-induced defence priming and stress tolerance may be mediated by the induction of reactive oxygen species,detoxification and defence genes.A deeper insight into gene expression and regulation control provided first evidences for the involvement of cytosine methylation and alternative splicing mechanisms in the plant–Trichoderma interaction.A model is proposed that integrates the plant transcriptomic responses in the roots,where interaction between the plant and beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms occurs.
文摘Many studies showed that few degrees above tomato optimum growth temperature threshold can lead to serious loss in production.Therefore,the development of innovative strategies to obtain tomato cultivars with improved yield under high temperature conditions is a main goal both for basic genetic studies and breeding activities.In this paper,a F4 segregating population was phenotypically evaluated for quantitative and qualitative traits under heat stress conditions.Moreover,a genotyping by sequencing(GBS)approach has been employed for building up genomic selection(GS)models both for yield and soluble solid content(SCC).Several parameters,including training population size,composition and marker quality were tested to predict genotype performance under heat stress conditions.A good prediction accuracy for the two analyzed traits(0.729 for yield production and 0.715 for SCC)was obtained.The predicted models improved the genetic gain of selection in the next breeding cycles,suggesting that GS approach is a promising strategy to accelerate breeding for heat tolerance in tomato.Finally,the annotation of SNPs located in gene body regions combined with QTL analysis allowed the identification of five candidates putatively involved in high temperatures response,and the building up of a GS model based on calibrated panel of SNP markers.
文摘Almond[Prunus dulcis Miller(D.A.Webb)]is the main tree nut species worldwide.Here,genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)was applied to 149 almond cultivars from the ex situ collections of the Italian Council for Agricultural Research(CREA)and the Spanish National Research Council(CSIC),leading to the detection of 93,119 single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).The study of population structure outlined four distinct genetic groups and highlighted diversification between the Mediterranean and Californian gene pools.Data on SNP diversity and runs of homozygosity(ROHs)allowed the definition of kinship,inbreeding,and linkage disequilibrium(LD)decay in almond cultivated germplasm.Four-year phenotypic observations,gathered on 98 cultivars of the CREA collection,were used to perform a genome-wide association study(GWAS)and,for the first time in a crop species,homozygosity mapping(HM),resulting in the identification of genomic associations with nut,shell,and seed weight.Both GWAS and HM suggested that loci controlling nut and seed weight are mostly independent.Overall,this study provides insights on the almond cultivation history and delivers information of major interest for almond genetics and breeding.In a broader perspective,our results encourage the use of ROHs in crop science to estimate inbreeding,choose parental combinations minimizing the risk of inbreeding depression,and identify genomic footprints of selection for specific traits.
文摘Seedlessness represents a highly appreciated trait in table grapes.Based on an interesting case of seedless fruit production described in the crop species Annona squamosa,we focused on the Vitis vinifera INNER NO OUTER(INO)gene as a candidate.This gene encodes a transcription factor belonging to the YABBY family involved in the determination of abaxial identity in several organs.In Arabidopsis thaliana,this gene was shown to be essential for the formation and asymmetric growth of the ovule outer integument and its mutation leads to a phenotypic defect of ovules and failure in seed formation.In this study,we identified in silico the V.vinifera orthologue and investigated its phylogenetic relationship to INO genes from other species and its expression in different organs in seeded and seedless varieties.Applying cross-species complementation,we have tested its functionality in the Arabidopsis ino-1 mutant.We show that the V.vinifera INO successfully rescues the ovule outer integument growth and seeds set and also partially complements the outer integument asymmetric growth in the Arabidopsis mutant,differently from orthologues from other species.These data demonstrate that VviINO retains similar activity and protein targets in grapevine as in Arabidopsis.Potential implications for grapevine breeding are discussed.
基金financially supported by the project LIFE_NAT/IT/001075 PANLIFE at Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria (Italy)
文摘In the framework of forest resources conservation, this study aims to understand the dynamic and the genetic structure of sessile oak forests in Calabria, Italy. Two old populations of sessile oak(Quercus petraea(Mattuschka) Liebl.) from two areas of Sila and Aspromonte massifs in Calabria were analyzed for genetic diversity and population structure based on 6 nuclear simple sequence repeat(nSSR) and 4 chloroplastic SSR(cpSSR) loci. The populations displayed high amount of genetic diversity, which was toughly structured according to their geographical origins. Number of alleles at SSR loci ranged from 11 to 20 with an average of 13.5 per locus. Gene diversity(expected heterozygosity, He) estimates ranged from 0.575 to 0.834 with a mean of 0.749. The observed heterozygosity(Ho) was on average 0.458 ranging from 0.150 to 0.682. Polymorphism information content(PIC) values ranged from 0.625 to 0.865 with an average of 0.787. The analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) highlighted a significant higher estimated variance within populations compared to among populations. Finally, the analysis of haplotypes by using cpSSR suggested a higher diversification in the population from Sila. Hierarchical clustering analysis grouped the genotypes into two major clusters, which agreed with the geographic origin of populations, and was confirmed by the Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components(DAPC). The first cluster included plants/population from Sila massif, while the second encompassed mostly plants/population sampled in Aspromonte massif. Finally, model-based clustering by STRUCTURE analysis also supported the presence of clear genetic structuring in the collection with two major populations(K=2) supported to PCoA analysis as well. Finally, our data indicated the Aspromonte population as a marginal forest with fragmented distribution suggesting different strategies of preservation than in Sila massif.
文摘A collecting mission was carried out in south-west Romania in October 2013 with the aims: (1) to collect autochthonous crop genetic resources which still present in the south-west of Romania; (2) to assess the presence of on farm of plant genetic resources; (3) to determine the species and the amount of genetic diversity still cultivated and (4) to obtain information from germplasm owners to be used to evaluate the feasibility of an on farm conservation program. Out of 24 explored towns, in 8, landraces were grown and in all, instances seeds could be obtained. Fifty-three accessions from different crop species were collected in 17 sites, belonging to 10 botanical families, of which solanaceae was the most represented (32%), followed by fabaceae (17%), cueurbitaceae (11%) and alliaceae and brassicaceae (9%). As expected, vegetable crops were the most collected, reaching a value as 58.5%, spices 20.8%, while pulses 15.1% and cereals 5.7% of the total. This collecting mission showed that in internal areas of Romania, germplasm of old landraces of many vegetable and crop species still survive, and indicated the urgency to continue also in other agricultural districts of Romania.
基金supported by CNR project NUTRAGE (FOE-2019, DSB.AD004.271)by Ricerca corrente 2020 (to SF)。
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases are becoming a big challenge for modern society.Neurodegenerative disorders strongly impact on patient and their caregivers.Moreover, since the population is becoming older, these pathologies will deeply influence medical and socio-economic conditions in the next years.Therefore, efforts are needed to find new strategies devoted to define new protocols and identify novel substances able to prevent neurodegeneration or to improve the quality of life of people affected by neurodegenerative diseases(Alzheimer's Disease International, 2019).
基金supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Directorate General for Development Cooperation, Italy and National Research Council, Rome, Italy (Grant No. 1654)
文摘The response of rice to salt stress(200 mmol/L NaCl)was investigated at the transcription level in Egyptian varieties Giza 177(salt sensitive variety)and Giza 178(salt tolerant variety).We applied a genome-wide RNA-Seq transcriptome study at 21-day-old seedlings of both varieties,exposed or not to salt stress for 24 h.
文摘Cytisus aeolicus is a narrow endemic species restricted to the Aeolian archipelago(SE Tyrrhenian Sea,Italy)and it is one of the most evolutionarily isolated plants in the Mediterranean flora.Historical and literature data suggest that both metapopulations and isolated individuals of C.aeolicus are gradually shrinking.Field investigations and drone images demonstrate that the C.aeolicus metapopulation from Stromboli experienced a strikingly fast increase during the last decades.As of 2019,more than 7000±3000 mature individuals occur on Stromboli,i.e.14 to 20 times more than those counted during the last census,25 years ago.The diachronic analysis of aerial photos concerning last 80 years and the analysis of the growth rings of some selected plants pointed out that the surface occupied,the demographic structure and the distribution pattern of the subpopulations of Stromboli has been highly fluctuating during last decades.Moreover,data issuing from field observations in permanent plots placed in a transect between two isolated mature individuals showed that,under natural conditions,the germination rate of the seedlings of C.aeolicus can be very high and their establishment rate may exceed 40%.By contrast,seedlings mortality is subject to strong annual fluctuations.Additionally,the pollen morphology of the Strombolian metapopulation of this rare and isolated species is studied here for the first time.Contrary to what is stated in recent literature,the C.aeolicus metapopulation from Stromboli is healthy and very dynamic,albeit frequently damaged by the volcanic activity.Regular and repeated field surveys carried out during 3 years(2017-2019)allowed improving our knowledge on the life cycle of C.aeolicus and a new extinction risk assessment of the species,according to IUCN criteria,is presented.
基金This work was partially funded by RGV FAO DM 10271.
文摘Drought stress imposes a major constraint over a crop yield and can be expected to grow in importance if the climate change predicted comes about.Improved methods are needed to facilitate crop management via the prompt detection of the onset of stress.Here,we report the use of an in vivo OECT(organic electrochemical transistor)sensor,termed as bioristor,in the context of the drought response of the tomato plant.The device was integrated within the plant’s stem,thereby allowing for the continuous monitoring of the plant’s physiological status throughout its life cycle.Bioristor was able to detect changes of ion concentration in the sap upon drought,in particular,those dissolved and transported through the transpiration stream,thus efficiently detecting the occurrence of drought stress immediately after the priming of the defence responses.The bioristor’s acquired data were coupled with those obtained in a high-throughput phenotyping platform revealing the extreme complementarity of these methods to investigate the mechanisms triggered by the plant during the drought stress event.