The dilepton invariant mass spectra and integrated branching ratios of the single and double Dalitz decays P→l^+l^-γ and P→l^+l^-l^+l^-(P=π^0,η,η';l=e or μ) are predicted by means of a data-driven approac...The dilepton invariant mass spectra and integrated branching ratios of the single and double Dalitz decays P→l^+l^-γ and P→l^+l^-l^+l^-(P=π^0,η,η';l=e or μ) are predicted by means of a data-driven approach based on the use of rational approximants applied to π^0,η and η' transition form factor experimental data in the space-like region.展开更多
We show that the second magnetization peak(SMP),i.e.,an increase in the magnetization hysteresis loop width in type-11 superconductors,vanishes for samples smaller than a critical size,We argue that the SMP is not rel...We show that the second magnetization peak(SMP),i.e.,an increase in the magnetization hysteresis loop width in type-11 superconductors,vanishes for samples smaller than a critical size,We argue that the SMP is not related to the critical current enhancement but can be well explainde within a frameword of the thermomagenetic flux-jump in stability theory,where flux jumps reduce the absolute irreversible magnetization relative to the isothermal critical state value at low enough magnetic fields.The recovering of the isothermal critical sate with increasing field leads to the SMP.The low-field SMP takes place in both low-T.conventional and high*t.unconventional superconductors.Our results show that the rsstoration of the isothermal critical state is rsponsible for the SMP occurrence in both cases.展开更多
33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such appl...33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such applications will be provided. The detector techniques which are specific to non-accelerator particle physics experiments are the subject of Chap.展开更多
Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers (MSU) and F. Zimmermann (CERN).29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the pr...Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers (MSU) and F. Zimmermann (CERN).29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the product of the cross section of interest,展开更多
Updated 2013 (see the various sections for authors).34.1. Introduction Non-accelerator experiments have become increasingly important in particle physics. These include classical cosmic ray experiments, neutrino osc...Updated 2013 (see the various sections for authors).34.1. Introduction Non-accelerator experiments have become increasingly important in particle physics. These include classical cosmic ray experiments, neutrino oscillation measurements, and searches for double-beta decay, dark matter candidates, and magnetic monopoles.展开更多
Van der Waals heterostructures obtained by artificially stacking two-dimensional crystals represent the frontier of material engineering,demonstrating properties superior to those of the starting materials.Fine contro...Van der Waals heterostructures obtained by artificially stacking two-dimensional crystals represent the frontier of material engineering,demonstrating properties superior to those of the starting materials.Fine control of the interlayer twist angle has opened new possibilities for tailoring the optoelectronic properties of these heterostructures.Twisted bilayer graphene with a strong interlayer coupling is a prototype of twisted heterostructure inheriting the intriguing electronic properties of graphene.Understanding the effects of the twist angle on its out-of-equilibrium optical properties is crucial for devising optoelectronic applications.With this aim,we here combine excitation-resolved hot photoluminescence with femtosecond transient absorption microscopy.The hot charge carrier distribution induced by photo-excitation results in peaked absorption bleaching and photo-induced absorption bands,both with pronounced twist angle dependence.Theoretical simulations of the electronic band structure and of the joint density of states enable to assign these bands to the blocking of interband transitions at the van Hove singularities and to photo-activated intersubband transitions.The tens of picoseconds relaxation dynamics of the observed bands is attributed to the angle-dependence of electron and phonon heat capacities of twisted bilayer graphene.展开更多
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the ...The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http ://pdg. lbl. gov.展开更多
CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl (LBNL). There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.* Fig. l(a) shows the mass sp...CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl (LBNL). There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.* Fig. l(a) shows the mass spectrum,展开更多
1. Overview The Review of Particle Physics and the abbreviated version, the Particle Physics Booklet, are reviews of the field of Particle Physics. This complete Review includes a compilation/evaluation of data on par...1. Overview The Review of Particle Physics and the abbreviated version, the Particle Physics Booklet, are reviews of the field of Particle Physics. This complete Review includes a compilation/evaluation of data on particle properties, called the "Particle Listings." These Listings include 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, in addition to the 32,153 measurements from 8,944 papers that first appeared in previous editions [1].展开更多
Written by R.L. Kelly (LBNL). The most commonly used SU(3) isoscalar factors, corresponding to the singlet, octet, and deeuplet content of 8 8 and 10 8, are shown at the right. The notation uses particle nam...Written by R.L. Kelly (LBNL). The most commonly used SU(3) isoscalar factors, corresponding to the singlet, octet, and deeuplet content of 8 8 and 10 8, are shown at the right. The notation uses particle names to identify the coefficients, so that the pattern of relative couplings may be seen at a glance. We illustrate the use of the coefficients below.展开更多
Revised October 2013 by J.J. Beatty (Ohio State Univ.), J. Matthews (Louisiana State Univ.), and S.P. Wakely (Univ. of Chicago); revised August 2009 by T.K. Gaisser and T. Stanev (Bartol Research Inst., Univ. o...Revised October 2013 by J.J. Beatty (Ohio State Univ.), J. Matthews (Louisiana State Univ.), and S.P. Wakely (Univ. of Chicago); revised August 2009 by T.K. Gaisser and T. Stanev (Bartol Research Inst., Univ. of Delaware).展开更多
Revised September 2013 by G. Cowan (RHUL). This chapter gives an overview of statistical methods used in high-energy physics. In statistics, we are interested in using a given sample of data to make inferences about...Revised September 2013 by G. Cowan (RHUL). This chapter gives an overview of statistical methods used in high-energy physics. In statistics, we are interested in using a given sample of data to make inferences about a probabilistic model, e.g., to assess the model's validity or to determine the values of its parameters. There are two main approaches to statistical inference, which we may call frequentist and Bayesian.展开更多
Table 6.1 Abridged from pdg. ibl.gov/AtomicNuclearProperties by D. E. Groom (2007). See web pages for more detail about entries in this table including chemical formulae, and for several hundred other entries. Quant...Table 6.1 Abridged from pdg. ibl.gov/AtomicNuclearProperties by D. E. Groom (2007). See web pages for more detail about entries in this table including chemical formulae, and for several hundred other entries. Quantities in parentheses are for gases at 20℃ and 1 atm, and square brackets indicate evaluation at 0℃ and 1 atm. Boiling points are at 1 atm.展开更多
Revised September 2013 with numbers verified by representatives of the synchrotrons (contact C.-J. Lin, LBNL). For existing (future) neutrino beam lines the latest achieved (design) values are given.
基金Supported by the FPI scholarship BES-2012-055371(S.G-S)the Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya under grant 2014 SGR 1450+3 种基金the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under grant FPA2011-25948,the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under grants CICYT-FEDER-FPA 2014-55613-P and SEV-2012-0234the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Program CPAN(CSD2007-00042)the European Commission under program FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2011-1(283286)Support from the CAS President's International Fellowship Initiative for Young International Scientist(2017PM0031)
文摘The dilepton invariant mass spectra and integrated branching ratios of the single and double Dalitz decays P→l^+l^-γ and P→l^+l^-l^+l^-(P=π^0,η,η';l=e or μ) are predicted by means of a data-driven approach based on the use of rational approximants applied to π^0,η and η' transition form factor experimental data in the space-like region.
文摘We show that the second magnetization peak(SMP),i.e.,an increase in the magnetization hysteresis loop width in type-11 superconductors,vanishes for samples smaller than a critical size,We argue that the SMP is not related to the critical current enhancement but can be well explainde within a frameword of the thermomagenetic flux-jump in stability theory,where flux jumps reduce the absolute irreversible magnetization relative to the isothermal critical state value at low enough magnetic fields.The recovering of the isothermal critical sate with increasing field leads to the SMP.The low-field SMP takes place in both low-T.conventional and high*t.unconventional superconductors.Our results show that the rsstoration of the isothermal critical state is rsponsible for the SMP occurrence in both cases.
文摘33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such applications will be provided. The detector techniques which are specific to non-accelerator particle physics experiments are the subject of Chap.
基金supported by PAPIIT(DGAPA-UNAM) project IN106913 and CONACyT(Mexico) project 151234support by the Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics(MITP) where part of this work was completed.A.F.is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant no. PHY-1212635
文摘Revised November 2013 by J. Erler (U. Mexico) and A. Freit&s (Pittsburgh U.).10.1 Introduction 10.2 Renormalization and radiative corrections
文摘Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers (MSU) and F. Zimmermann (CERN).29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the product of the cross section of interest,
文摘Updated 2013 (see the various sections for authors).34.1. Introduction Non-accelerator experiments have become increasingly important in particle physics. These include classical cosmic ray experiments, neutrino oscillation measurements, and searches for double-beta decay, dark matter candidates, and magnetic monopoles.
基金support from Graphene FET Flagship Core 3 Project,Grant No.881603the Brazilian funding agencies:FAPERJ(grant number E-26/010.101126/2018),Fapemig,CNPq,Capes and INCT Carbon Nanomaterials.Prof.
文摘Van der Waals heterostructures obtained by artificially stacking two-dimensional crystals represent the frontier of material engineering,demonstrating properties superior to those of the starting materials.Fine control of the interlayer twist angle has opened new possibilities for tailoring the optoelectronic properties of these heterostructures.Twisted bilayer graphene with a strong interlayer coupling is a prototype of twisted heterostructure inheriting the intriguing electronic properties of graphene.Understanding the effects of the twist angle on its out-of-equilibrium optical properties is crucial for devising optoelectronic applications.With this aim,we here combine excitation-resolved hot photoluminescence with femtosecond transient absorption microscopy.The hot charge carrier distribution induced by photo-excitation results in peaked absorption bleaching and photo-induced absorption bands,both with pronounced twist angle dependence.Theoretical simulations of the electronic band structure and of the joint density of states enable to assign these bands to the blocking of interband transitions at the van Hove singularities and to photo-activated intersubband transitions.The tens of picoseconds relaxation dynamics of the observed bands is attributed to the angle-dependence of electron and phonon heat capacities of twisted bilayer graphene.
基金supported by the Director,Office of Science,Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231the U.S.National Science Foundation under Agreement No.PHY-0652989+3 种基金the European Laboratory for Particle Physics(CERN)an implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan(MEXT:Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology)and the United States(DOE)on cooperative research and developmentthe Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics(INFN)B.C.F.was supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation Grant PHY-1214082
文摘The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http ://pdg. lbl. gov.
文摘CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl (LBNL). There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.* Fig. l(a) shows the mass spectrum,
基金supported by the Director,Office of Science,Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231by the U.S.National Science Foundation under Agreement No.PHY-0652989+2 种基金by the European Laboratory for Particle Physics(CERN)by an implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan(MEXT:Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports, Science and Technology) and the United States(DOE) on cooperative research and developmentby the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics(INFN)
文摘1. Overview The Review of Particle Physics and the abbreviated version, the Particle Physics Booklet, are reviews of the field of Particle Physics. This complete Review includes a compilation/evaluation of data on particle properties, called the "Particle Listings." These Listings include 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, in addition to the 32,153 measurements from 8,944 papers that first appeared in previous editions [1].
文摘Written by R.L. Kelly (LBNL). The most commonly used SU(3) isoscalar factors, corresponding to the singlet, octet, and deeuplet content of 8 8 and 10 8, are shown at the right. The notation uses particle names to identify the coefficients, so that the pattern of relative couplings may be seen at a glance. We illustrate the use of the coefficients below.
文摘Revised October 2013 by J.J. Beatty (Ohio State Univ.), J. Matthews (Louisiana State Univ.), and S.P. Wakely (Univ. of Chicago); revised August 2009 by T.K. Gaisser and T. Stanev (Bartol Research Inst., Univ. of Delaware).
文摘Revised September 2013 by G. Cowan (RHUL). This chapter gives an overview of statistical methods used in high-energy physics. In statistics, we are interested in using a given sample of data to make inferences about a probabilistic model, e.g., to assess the model's validity or to determine the values of its parameters. There are two main approaches to statistical inference, which we may call frequentist and Bayesian.
文摘Table 6.1 Abridged from pdg. ibl.gov/AtomicNuclearProperties by D. E. Groom (2007). See web pages for more detail about entries in this table including chemical formulae, and for several hundred other entries. Quantities in parentheses are for gases at 20℃ and 1 atm, and square brackets indicate evaluation at 0℃ and 1 atm. Boiling points are at 1 atm.
文摘Revised September 2013 with numbers verified by representatives of the synchrotrons (contact C.-J. Lin, LBNL). For existing (future) neutrino beam lines the latest achieved (design) values are given.