Brain injuries like ischemic stroke induce endogenous stem cell production. Although the precise traits of stem cells in pathological brains remain unclear, we previously demonstrated that injury/ischemia-induced stem...Brain injuries like ischemic stroke induce endogenous stem cell production. Although the precise traits of stem cells in pathological brains remain unclear, we previously demonstrated that injury/ischemia-induced stem cells(iSCs)are present in the post-stroke mouse(Nakagomi et al.,2009)and human brains(Beppu et al.,2019).展开更多
Ischemic stroke is a critical disease which causes serious neurological functional loss such as paresis. Hope for novel therapies is based on the increasing evidence of the presence of stem cell populations in the cen...Ischemic stroke is a critical disease which causes serious neurological functional loss such as paresis. Hope for novel therapies is based on the increasing evidence of the presence of stem cell populations in the central nervous system (CNS) and the development of stem-cell-based therapies for stroke patients. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represented initially a promising cell source, only a few transplanted MSCs were present near the injured areas of the CNS. Thus, regional stem cells that are present and/or induced in the CNS may be ideal when considering a treatment following ischemic stroke. In this context, we have recently showed that injury/ischemia-induced neural stem/progenitor cells (iNSPCs) and injury/ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs) are present within post-stroke human brains and post-stroke mouse brains. This indicates that iNSPCs/iSCs could be developed for clinical applications treating patients with stroke. The present study introduces the traits of mouse and human iNSPCs, with a focus on the future perspective for CNS regenerative therapies using novel iNSPCs/iSCs.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is a leading disease of the central nervous system,frequently coupled to severe damage and dysfunction in patients.Animal models mimicking human stroke provide useful tools for studying the pathomechan...Ischemic stroke is a leading disease of the central nervous system,frequently coupled to severe damage and dysfunction in patients.Animal models mimicking human stroke provide useful tools for studying the pathomechanisms(e.g.,inflammation,neuroprotection,and neural regeneration),the treatment efficiency of various materials(e.g.,bioactive molecules or drugs),and transplantation usefulness by various cell types[e.g.,neural stem/progenitor cells(NSPCs),and mesenchymal or hematopoietic stem cells]under ischemic stroke.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the relationship between cycloo- xygenase-2 (COX-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and to determine the clinical significance of this relationship in esophageal cancer patients und...AIM: To investigate the relationship between cycloo- xygenase-2 (COX-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and to determine the clinical significance of this relationship in esophageal cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate COX-2 and VEGF expression in 40 patients with histologically-confirmed esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) who were undergoing preoperative CRT. RESULTS: Fourteen out of 40 ESCC patients showed a pathological complete response (CR) after CRT. COX-2 and VEGF protein expressions were observed in the cytoplasm of 17 and 13 tumors, respectively, with null expression in 9 and 13 tumors, respectively. COX-2 expression was strongly correlated with VEGF expression (P < 0.05). There were also significant associations between COX-2 expression, tumor recurrence, and lymph-node involvement (P = 0.0277 and P = 0.0095, respectively). COX-2 expression and VEGF expression had significant prognostic value for disease-free survival (log-rank test; P = 0.0073 and P = 0.0341, respectively), but not for overall survival, as assessed by univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that COX-2 expression correlates with VEGF expression and might be a useful prognostic factor for more frequent tumor recurrence in ESCC patients undergoing neoadjuvant CRT. These findings support the use of anti-angiogenic COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of ESCC.展开更多
AIM: To study the effect of CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) expression on disease progression and prognosis in esophageal cancer. METHODS: CXCR4 expression was evaluated in 37 patients with histologically confirmed e...AIM: To study the effect of CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) expression on disease progression and prognosis in esophageal cancer. METHODS: CXCR4 expression was evaluated in 37 patients with histologically confirmed esophageal squamous carcinomas (ESCC) undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Eleven out of 37 ESCC patients showed a pathological complete response (CR) after CRT. CXCR4 protein expression was observed in cell cytoplasms of 13 tumors, and null expression was seen in 13 tumors. Distant recurrence was significantly more common in patients with positive CXCR4 expression (P = 0.0318). After a median follow-up time of 31.6 mo, 19 patients progressed (12 of 19 expressed positive CXCR4) and 11 died (10 of 11 expressed positive CXCR4). Overall survival was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (952.1 ± 53.8 d in negative group vs 475.1 ± 56.2 d in positive group, P = 0.023), distant metastasis (874.0 ± 60.4 d in negative group vs 434.9 ± 75.2 d in positive group, P = 0.014) and CRT (811.5 ± 51.2 d in responder group vs 459.6 ± 94.0 d in non-responder group, P = 0.00038) and further with an absence ofCXCR4 expression or no residual tumor (959.8 ± 51.0 d in null expression or no tumor group vs 412.0 ± 57.1 d in positive expression group, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Persistent positive CXCR4 expression is implicated in tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in ESCC after CRT, and preoperative CRT may improve the prognosis of ESCC via CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling pathway.展开更多
Aim: To identify proteins induced by androgen in Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis. Methods: We analyzed protein profiles in TM4 Sertoli cells treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) using surface enhanced laser...Aim: To identify proteins induced by androgen in Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis. Methods: We analyzed protein profiles in TM4 Sertoli cells treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) using surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). Results: We found increases in the expression of a 5.0-kDa protein at 15 min, an 11.3-kDa protein at 24 h and 4.3 kDa, 5.7 kDa, 5.8 kDa, 9.95 kDa and 9.98 kDa proteins at 48 h after the treatment. In contrast, the expression of 6.3 kDa and 8.6 kDa proteins decreased at 30 min, and 4.9 kDa, 5.0 kDa, 12.4 kDa and 19.8 kDa proteins at 48 h after the treatment. The ll.3-kDa protein was identified as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) known to having various functions. The 9.98-kDa protein was identified as calgizzarin related to calcium channels. The timing of their expression suggests that MIF and calgizzarin are involved in late regulation of spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells by androgen. Conclusion: MIF and calgizzarin are two important androgen-responsive proteins produced by Sertoli cells and they might play a role in regulating spermatogenesis.展开更多
AIM To analyze the origin of the anticipationphenomenon,which means earlier death insuccessive generation in familial adenomatouspolyposis.METHODS The study subjects were 2161patients with familial adenomatous polypos...AIM To analyze the origin of the anticipationphenomenon,which means earlier death insuccessive generation in familial adenomatouspolyposis.METHODS The study subjects were 2161patients with familial adenomatous polyposisand their 7465 first-degree relatives who weremembers of 750 families registered at ourPolyposis Registry.The ages at death andcumulative mortality rates in the parent,theproband,and the child generations werecompared for both all subjects and the patientsalone.RESULTS In the patients over 5 years of age,the mean age at death was 50.9 years for theparent,42.3 years for the proband,and 33.3years for the child generations,respectively(P【0.001).The deceased rates in the threegenerations were 90.7%,51.3% and 23.1% ofthe patients,respectively,and this differencewas the main cause of the anticipation measuredby parent-child paring method.The cumulativemortality rates for all subjects failed to showanticipation,however the cumulative mortalityrates for the patients showed the anticipation.The anticipation phenomenon was shown by anyparent-child pairing methods for the deceasedpatients.Other important causes of theanticipation were different proportion of causesof death between generations(P【0.001),and alow proportion of detected or deceased patients (P【0.001)in the child generation.CONCLUSION Anticipation in familialadenomatous polyposis may be caused byparent-child paring methods as well as severalintergenerational biases.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the possible role of polysaccharide-K (PSK) -related markers in predicting distant metastasis and in the clinical outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODS: Firstly, we used protein microarrays to...AIM: To investigate the possible role of polysaccharide-K (PSK) -related markers in predicting distant metastasis and in the clinical outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODS: Firstly, we used protein microarrays to analyze the in vitro expression profiles of potential PSK-related markers in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line SW480, which carries a mutant p53 gene. Then, we investigated the clinical implications of these markers in the prognosis of CRC patients. RESULTS: ECA39, a direct target of c-Myc, was identi-fied as a candidate protein affected by the anti-metastat-ic effects of PSK. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ECA39 was expressed at significantly higher levels in tumor tissues with distant metastases compared to those without (P < 0.00001). Positive ECA39 expression was shown to be highly reliable for the prediction of distant metastases (sensitivity: 86.7%, specificity: 90%, posi-tive predictive value: 86.7%, negative predictive value: 90%). A significantly higher cumulative 5-yr disease free survival rate was observed in the ECA39-negative patient group (77.3%) compared with the ECA39-positive patient group (25.8%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that ECA39 is a dominant predictive factor for distant metastasis in pa-tients with advanced CRC and that its suppression by PSK might represent a useful application of immuno-therapy as part of a program of integrated medicine.展开更多
基金partially supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (15K0672318K07380)the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) (21nk0101538h0002) (to TN)。
文摘Brain injuries like ischemic stroke induce endogenous stem cell production. Although the precise traits of stem cells in pathological brains remain unclear, we previously demonstrated that injury/ischemia-induced stem cells(iSCs)are present in the post-stroke mouse(Nakagomi et al.,2009)and human brains(Beppu et al.,2019).
基金Supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI,No.15K06723 and No.18K07380
文摘Ischemic stroke is a critical disease which causes serious neurological functional loss such as paresis. Hope for novel therapies is based on the increasing evidence of the presence of stem cell populations in the central nervous system (CNS) and the development of stem-cell-based therapies for stroke patients. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represented initially a promising cell source, only a few transplanted MSCs were present near the injured areas of the CNS. Thus, regional stem cells that are present and/or induced in the CNS may be ideal when considering a treatment following ischemic stroke. In this context, we have recently showed that injury/ischemia-induced neural stem/progenitor cells (iNSPCs) and injury/ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs) are present within post-stroke human brains and post-stroke mouse brains. This indicates that iNSPCs/iSCs could be developed for clinical applications treating patients with stroke. The present study introduces the traits of mouse and human iNSPCs, with a focus on the future perspective for CNS regenerative therapies using novel iNSPCs/iSCs.
基金partially supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI (JP19K16934to AN-D)+5 种基金Grant-in-Aid for researchers, Hyogo College of Medicine (2018to AN-D)Hyogo College of Medicine Diversity Grant for Research Promotion under MEXT Funds for the Development of Human Resources in Science and Technology, Initiative for Realizing Diversity in the Research Environment (Characteristic-Compatible Type) (2020, 2021to AN-D)Grant-in-Aid for Graduate Students, Hyogo College of Medicine (2021to HN)
文摘Ischemic stroke is a leading disease of the central nervous system,frequently coupled to severe damage and dysfunction in patients.Animal models mimicking human stroke provide useful tools for studying the pathomechanisms(e.g.,inflammation,neuroprotection,and neural regeneration),the treatment efficiency of various materials(e.g.,bioactive molecules or drugs),and transplantation usefulness by various cell types[e.g.,neural stem/progenitor cells(NSPCs),and mesenchymal or hematopoietic stem cells]under ischemic stroke.
文摘AIM: To investigate the relationship between cycloo- xygenase-2 (COX-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and to determine the clinical significance of this relationship in esophageal cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate COX-2 and VEGF expression in 40 patients with histologically-confirmed esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) who were undergoing preoperative CRT. RESULTS: Fourteen out of 40 ESCC patients showed a pathological complete response (CR) after CRT. COX-2 and VEGF protein expressions were observed in the cytoplasm of 17 and 13 tumors, respectively, with null expression in 9 and 13 tumors, respectively. COX-2 expression was strongly correlated with VEGF expression (P < 0.05). There were also significant associations between COX-2 expression, tumor recurrence, and lymph-node involvement (P = 0.0277 and P = 0.0095, respectively). COX-2 expression and VEGF expression had significant prognostic value for disease-free survival (log-rank test; P = 0.0073 and P = 0.0341, respectively), but not for overall survival, as assessed by univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that COX-2 expression correlates with VEGF expression and might be a useful prognostic factor for more frequent tumor recurrence in ESCC patients undergoing neoadjuvant CRT. These findings support the use of anti-angiogenic COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of ESCC.
基金Supported by grants from the Medical Research Fund of Hyogo Medical Association
文摘AIM: To study the effect of CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) expression on disease progression and prognosis in esophageal cancer. METHODS: CXCR4 expression was evaluated in 37 patients with histologically confirmed esophageal squamous carcinomas (ESCC) undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Eleven out of 37 ESCC patients showed a pathological complete response (CR) after CRT. CXCR4 protein expression was observed in cell cytoplasms of 13 tumors, and null expression was seen in 13 tumors. Distant recurrence was significantly more common in patients with positive CXCR4 expression (P = 0.0318). After a median follow-up time of 31.6 mo, 19 patients progressed (12 of 19 expressed positive CXCR4) and 11 died (10 of 11 expressed positive CXCR4). Overall survival was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (952.1 ± 53.8 d in negative group vs 475.1 ± 56.2 d in positive group, P = 0.023), distant metastasis (874.0 ± 60.4 d in negative group vs 434.9 ± 75.2 d in positive group, P = 0.014) and CRT (811.5 ± 51.2 d in responder group vs 459.6 ± 94.0 d in non-responder group, P = 0.00038) and further with an absence ofCXCR4 expression or no residual tumor (959.8 ± 51.0 d in null expression or no tumor group vs 412.0 ± 57.1 d in positive expression group, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Persistent positive CXCR4 expression is implicated in tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in ESCC after CRT, and preoperative CRT may improve the prognosis of ESCC via CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling pathway.
文摘Aim: To identify proteins induced by androgen in Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis. Methods: We analyzed protein profiles in TM4 Sertoli cells treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) using surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). Results: We found increases in the expression of a 5.0-kDa protein at 15 min, an 11.3-kDa protein at 24 h and 4.3 kDa, 5.7 kDa, 5.8 kDa, 9.95 kDa and 9.98 kDa proteins at 48 h after the treatment. In contrast, the expression of 6.3 kDa and 8.6 kDa proteins decreased at 30 min, and 4.9 kDa, 5.0 kDa, 12.4 kDa and 19.8 kDa proteins at 48 h after the treatment. The ll.3-kDa protein was identified as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) known to having various functions. The 9.98-kDa protein was identified as calgizzarin related to calcium channels. The timing of their expression suggests that MIF and calgizzarin are involved in late regulation of spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells by androgen. Conclusion: MIF and calgizzarin are two important androgen-responsive proteins produced by Sertoli cells and they might play a role in regulating spermatogenesis.
基金Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research in JapanGrant in Aid from the Ministry of Health and WelfareJapanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum
文摘AIM To analyze the origin of the anticipationphenomenon,which means earlier death insuccessive generation in familial adenomatouspolyposis.METHODS The study subjects were 2161patients with familial adenomatous polyposisand their 7465 first-degree relatives who weremembers of 750 families registered at ourPolyposis Registry.The ages at death andcumulative mortality rates in the parent,theproband,and the child generations werecompared for both all subjects and the patientsalone.RESULTS In the patients over 5 years of age,the mean age at death was 50.9 years for theparent,42.3 years for the proband,and 33.3years for the child generations,respectively(P【0.001).The deceased rates in the threegenerations were 90.7%,51.3% and 23.1% ofthe patients,respectively,and this differencewas the main cause of the anticipation measuredby parent-child paring method.The cumulativemortality rates for all subjects failed to showanticipation,however the cumulative mortalityrates for the patients showed the anticipation.The anticipation phenomenon was shown by anyparent-child pairing methods for the deceasedpatients.Other important causes of theanticipation were different proportion of causesof death between generations(P【0.001),and alow proportion of detected or deceased patients (P【0.001)in the child generation.CONCLUSION Anticipation in familialadenomatous polyposis may be caused byparent-child paring methods as well as severalintergenerational biases.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, grant No. 16591374, and by Grant-in-Aid for Researchers, Hyogo College of Medicine
文摘AIM: To investigate the possible role of polysaccharide-K (PSK) -related markers in predicting distant metastasis and in the clinical outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODS: Firstly, we used protein microarrays to analyze the in vitro expression profiles of potential PSK-related markers in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line SW480, which carries a mutant p53 gene. Then, we investigated the clinical implications of these markers in the prognosis of CRC patients. RESULTS: ECA39, a direct target of c-Myc, was identi-fied as a candidate protein affected by the anti-metastat-ic effects of PSK. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ECA39 was expressed at significantly higher levels in tumor tissues with distant metastases compared to those without (P < 0.00001). Positive ECA39 expression was shown to be highly reliable for the prediction of distant metastases (sensitivity: 86.7%, specificity: 90%, posi-tive predictive value: 86.7%, negative predictive value: 90%). A significantly higher cumulative 5-yr disease free survival rate was observed in the ECA39-negative patient group (77.3%) compared with the ECA39-positive patient group (25.8%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that ECA39 is a dominant predictive factor for distant metastasis in pa-tients with advanced CRC and that its suppression by PSK might represent a useful application of immuno-therapy as part of a program of integrated medicine.