Cotton Research and Development at Institute for Agricultural Research,Samaru,Nigeria

The Institute for Agricultural Research,Samaru,has the national mandate for genetic improvement and development of production technologies for cotton,maize,sorghum,cowpea,groundnut,

Recent Development in Maize Research at Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru, Nigeria

Maize research at Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru, Nigeria resulted in sustained growth in yields in the last two decades. Maize is grown throughout the country with guinea savanna as the most important maize growing zone. In the last five years, four new open pollinating varieties developed in collaboration with the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture （IITA, Ibadan） had been released for production. Hybrid varieties are also marketed by seed companies. The research was focused on variety improvement, improved management practices, integrated pests and disease control, soil fertility management, on-farm testing of improved production packages and socio-economics of production as well as adoption studies. The recently released quality protein maize has improved the nutritional status of vulnerable groups. Drought tolerant maize for Africa research project has contributed to sustainable maize production, poverty reduction and food security in the continent.

Floristic Diversity in Forest Management Units: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation in FMU 09-025

The assessment of floristic composition and diversity is very important in forest management units. This study sets out to determine the species diversity and implications for biodiversity conservation in FMU 09-025 of the Campo Ma’an National park, South Region of Cameroon. Due to human activities in the area, the study site was divided into two Blocks (A and B). The transect method was employed in data collection. A total 14 long transects were established parallel to each other in blocks at a distance of 3 km apart, 8 transects in Block A and 6 Transects in Block. In each transect, plots of 20 × 500 m were established at intervals of 500 m. Within each plot, all individual trees ≥ 10 cm were identified, measured, and recorded. The DBH of all trees were measured at 1.3 using the DBH meter tape. The height of trees was measured through estimation (average estimates of all field researchers). Results revealed a total of eight thousand one hundred and twenty four (8124) individual plants with DBH ≥ 10 cm in the entire study area. From this number, 5113 tree stems ≥ 10 cm were identified and measured in Block A. This belongs to 216 species in 47 families. In block B a total of and 5011 stems were identified and measured. This belongs to 239 species in 47 families. Fabaceae, Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae were found to be the most dominant plant families in the study site. Erythrophleum ivorense, Lophira alata, Dialium bipindense, Musanga cecropioides, Alstonia boonei, Pterocarpus soyauxii, Guibourtia ehie, Staudtia kamerunensis, Desbordesia glaucescens, Sacoglottis gabonensis were found to be the most dominant plant species. 41 species are of conservation concern according to the IUCN global Red List 2023 and IUCN local status. These species are considered species with high-priority for conservation. We have 6 endangered species, 11 near Threatened species, and 25 vulnerable species. There was no significant difference in species diversity in the two Blocks.

Changes in Soil Physicochemical Properties under Selected Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices in Central African Republic

Soil nutrient depletion as a result of continuous cultivation with insufficient external nutrient replenishment is a major challenge in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A trial using the organic and mineral fertilizer was established in the cassava cropping system of the Pissa and Damara areas to address the declining soil fertility. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of cow manure and mineral fertilizer in combination or sole application on soil physico-chemical properties and macronutrients. The experimental trial adopted a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated four times. The treatments comprised of;T1 (Control), T2 (Peasant practice), T3 (sole NPK), and T4 (Cow manure + NPK). The data on soil physicochemical analysis was subjected to a one-way analysis of variance in SAS 9.4 and the mean was separated by Tukey’s HSD test at p < 0.005. The soil pH values ranged from 4.20 to 4.91;and 4.53 to 5.28 in Pissa and Damara respectively. According to the treatments, a low pH value is observed in T3 (4.13) in the Pissa. Combined use of cow manure and the mineral fertilizer resulted in higher Mg K and N in the Pissa region and higher soil pH in Damara. The use of sole NPK (T3) gave a higher soil carbon and CN ratio. In the Pissa region the CEC, Cu, Fe, and Zn were higher in the treatments with mineral fertilizer compared to the control. Conclusively, the use of mineral fertilizer and cow manure can be used with optimum rates to improve soil physico-chemical properties on a sustainable basis.

Genetics of carotenoids for provitamin A biofortification in tropical-adapted maize

Yellow maize contains high levels of β-carotene(βC), making it an important crop for combating vitamin A deficiency through biofortification. In this study, nine maize inbred lines were selected at random from 31 provitamin A(PVA) maize inbred lines and crossed in a partial diallel mating design to develop 36 crosses. The crosses were evaluated in the field in two locations(Samaru and Kerawa) and their seed carotenoid content were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The modes of gene action, heritability, and correlations between agronomic traits and carotenoid content were estimated. Additive genetic variances(σ~2a) were lower than non-additive genetic variances(σ~2d) for all the carotenoids, plant height(PH), and grain yield(GY), suggesting a preponderance of non-additive gene action. Broad-sense heritability(H^2) was high(H^2> 60%) for zeaxanthin,days to anthesis, and PH, moderate(30% < H^2< 60%) for lutein and GY, and low(H^2< 30%)for alpha carotene, beta cryptoxanthin, βC, and PVA. Genetic advance as a percentage of mean, considered with H^2, also suggests a preponderance of non-additive gene action for PVA carotenoids. Hybrid variety development is thus an appropriate approach to improving grain yield and PVA. GY showed no significant genotypic correlations with carotenoid content, suggesting that these traits can be improved concurrently. Thus, there is ample scope for improvement of PVA and GY in the sample of tropical-adapted maize.

Allometric models for estimating aboveground biomass and carbon in Faidherbia albida and Prosopis africana under agroforestry parklands in drylands of Niger

This study developed allometric models to estimate aboveground biomass and carbon of Prosopis africana and Faidherbia albida. The destructive method was used with a sample of 20 trees per species for the two parkland sites. Linear regression with log transformation was used to model aboveground biomass according to dendrometric parameters. Error analysis, including mean absolute percentage of error(MAPE) and root mean square of error(RMSE), was used to select and validate the models for both species. Model 1(biomass according to tree diameter) for P. africana and F. albida were considered more representative. The statistical parameters of these models were R2 = 0.99, MAPE 0.98% and RMSE1.75% for P. africana, and R2 = 0.99, MAPE 1.19%,RMSE 2.37% for F. albida. The average rate of carbon sequestered was significantly different for the two species(P ≤ 0.05). The total amount sequestered per tree averaged0.17 × 10-3 Mg for P. africana and 0.25 × 10-3 Mg for F. albida. These results could be used to develop policies that would lead to the sustainable management of these resources in the dry parklands of Niger.

Tillage, <i>Desmodium intortum</i>, Fertilizer Rates for Carbon Stock, Soil Quality and Grain Yield in Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria soils are continuously and intensively cultivated, resulting in soil quality degradation, carbon stock depletion, accelerated soil erosion and soil nutrient depletion. Effects of land use change on soil carbon stocks (SOC) are of concern regarding greenhouse gas emissions mitigation and sustainable crop production, because there is a need for food sufficiency while conserving the environment. Also, managing soils under intensive use and restoring degraded soils are top priorities for a sustained agronomic production while conserving soil and water resources. Hence, this study;“Tillage, Desmodium intortum, fertilizer rates for carbon stock, soil quality and grain yield in Northern Guinea Savanna” is aimed at devising possible mitigating measures for soil quality degradation, carbon stock depletion and impoverished crop yields using Zea mays as test crop. The study was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in split-split plot arrangement with four replicates. The four main tillage and Desmodium intortum combination treatments were: 1) Maize &#8722;without Desmodium + Conventional tillage (MC), 2) Maize + Desmodium live-mulch incorporated and relayed + Conservation tillage (MDIC), 3) Maize + Desmodium in no-tillage system (MDNT), 4) Maize + Desmodium in strip tillage (MDST). The main treatment plots were each divided to accommodate four (4) rates of N (60, 80, 100 and 120 kg·ha&#8722;1) as sub plots, while the N rate plots were further divided to accommodate three (3) rates of P (6.6, 13.2, and 26.4 kg·ha&#8722;1) as sub-subplots. Findings support that Desmodium intercrops with Maize treatments (MDIC, MDNT, and MDST) resulted in increased organic carbon contents in 2013, with MDNT resulting in significantly higher organic carbon content (7.37 g·kg&#8722;1 in 2012 and 8.37 g·kg&#8722;1 in 2013) than the other treatments. Also, zero tillage practice (MDNT) sequestered significantly higher carbon stock (18.06 t C ha&#8722;1), followed by minimum tillage (MDIC) that sequestered 15.99 t C ha&#8722;1 than the other treatments. Highest grain yield of 2.61 tha&#8722;1 under MDIC and MDNT was followed by MDST and least under MC. Total score of soil quality assessment gave least score values of 13 under MDIC and MDNT;thus best soil quality (SQ1) was ascribed to the minimum tillage with D. intortum intercrop and relayed (MDIC) and Zero tillage with D. intortum (MDNT) treatments. Maize Strip cropped with D. intortum treatment (MDST) was ranked SQ2.

Traditional capacity for weather prediction, variability and coping strategies in the front line states of nigeria

This paper is based on the results of a pilot project conducted to strengthen Nigerian Meteorological Agency’s (NIMET) capacity to provide reliable planting date forecast in Nigeria. This aspect of the project aimed at understanding traditional knowledge base and farmers’ prediction methods, community perceptions of impacts of rainfall variability, coping strategies and opportunities in Sokoto, Kano, Jigawa, Kaduna, Bauchi states of Nigeria. Based on prevalence of drought, a community was selected for survey in each of the five states. Semi-structured interview and focus group discussion were used to sources for information. The survey indicates that the farmers had good understanding of weather and climatic dynamics of their community. The farmers in the study locations characterize a year into five seasons based on the atmospheric temperature as felt by the body, changes in wind direction, farming activities, and the behavioral changes of some animal and birds and phenological changes in plant species. Rainfall variability in the community has altered the farming systems, either in terms of changes in cropping pattern, elimination/reduction in the level of producing some crops or introduction of new crop varieties that are drought resistant and early maturing, and diversification of source of livelihood (non-farm activities). Impacts of rainfall variability in the communities were asserted to include;poor yield, low prices of crop/livestock, low dowry for their daughters, high cost of labor as a result of migration to urban centers, inadequate water for dry season farming, low income, low standard of living, and high level of poverty. Farmers recommended an integration of traditional proven methods of rainfall prediction with scientific methods to evolve reliable forecast that will reduce risks in their rainfed farming systems.

Biological Value of Maggot Meal as a Replacement for Fishmeal in the Diets of African Giant Snail （Achatina spp.） Hatchings

Poverty, inadequate dietary intake, and diseases are the major causes of malnutrition in Nigeria. Averagely, Nigerians consume about 5.5 g of animal protein per day which is low compared to the minimum of 30 g per person per day as recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization. The concept of household food security ensures that adequate food can be obtained, either through home production or purchases. Snail production is one of the means through which these ills could be eliminated. Protein deficiency that is endemic in developing nations can be reduced through the domestication of micro-livestock like snail which is rich in protein and iron. Sixty Achatina achatina hatchlings were used in a 90 days feeding trial. The hatchlings were assigned to four treatments in a Completely Randomized Design with three replicates each. Maggot meal was incorporated at the levels of 0.6, 1.4, and 2 kg per 100 kg of feed in treatments 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Treatment 1 had no maggot meal and served as the control. Results showed that snail weight, shell length and shell width increased with increase in the levels of maggot meal. Hatchlings on T3 and T4 had statistically similar values （P 〉 0.01） which were significantly （P 〈 0.01） higher than values obtained for hatchlings on T1 and T2 .Weight gain and feed conversion values of hatchlings on T3 and T4 were also significantly higher than values observed for hatchlings on T1 and T2. Therefore, maggot meal could effectively replace fishmeal in the diet of African giant snail hatchlings.

Workability Tests on Fresh Concrete Formulated with Eco-friendly Admixture

Extra-cellular compounds, secreted by microorganisms into their surroundings, can be integrated in concrete composition as admixtures. These substances are important in biofilm formation and some of them can be used as corrosion inhibitor of concrete reinforcement. This paper deals with products made with biological surface active compounds/agents allowing the development of more eco-friendly concrete. The influence of this environmentally friendly bio admixture on setting time, workability, bending and compressive strengths of various mortar based materials made of CEM I, CEM III and CEM V was studied. Mechanical tests were carried out to highlight the influence of admixture in workability and hardening of samples containing the biological product with ratio in the range of 0-2.5%. It was demonstrated that the presence of the new bio-compound admixture in mortar decreases their compressive strength after 28 days of standard curing, in spite of remaining higher than standard minimal strength. Furthermore, Vicat needle experiments have shown a tendency of this admixture to decrease the setting time. A discussion was finally proposed in order to correlate the setting times and the decrease of the mortar compressive strength, corresponding in fact to a hardening delay. This setting time delay could be linked to a delay of the admixtured mortar to increase its resistance. The slump results highlight the action of bio-admixture as a plasticizer on mortars because it increases their workability for a same water-cement ratio. This effect seems variable according to the added amount.

Carryover Effect of Imidazolinone Herbicides for Crops Following Rice

We aimed with this study to evaluate the effects of residual activity in soil of formulated mixtures of the herbicides imazethapyr + imazapic and imazapyr + imazapic on ryegrass and on rice cultivars, IRGA 424 and BRS Querencia. Two experiments were conducted under greenhouse in randomized blocks design with four replications in split-plot and split-split-plot designs, respectively for the first (E1) and second (E2) experiments. For E1, main plots allocated herbicides (imazethapyr + imazapic and imazapyr + imazapic), and subplots the doses [(0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 fold the label dose of imazethapyr + imazapic (1 L·ha-1) and imazapyr + imazapic (140 g·ha-1) plus 0.5% of the adjuvant Dash&rarr;)];for E2, sub-subplots allocated rice cultivars (BRS 424 and IRGA Querência). Phytotoxicity, plant height and shoot dry weight (E1 and E2) and plant stand (E2) were evaluated. Results showed that the annual ryegrass and rice cultivars IRGA 424 and BRS Querencia are sensitive to imazethapyr + imazapic and imazapyr + imazapic, serving as bioindicators of its residual activity in soils following Clearfield&rarr;rice. Imazapyr + imazapic, applied post-emergence in irrigated rice at doses of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0× the label dose, present longer residual activity in soil compared to imazethapyr + imazapic for ryegrass and non-Clearfield&rarr;rice.

In-vitro digestibility,protein digestibility corrected amino acid,and sensory properties of banana-cassava gluten-free pasta with soy protein isolate and egg white protein addition

Soy protein isolate and egg white protein were added to cassava-banana gluten-free pasta and the effects on the nutritional quality,digestibility properties,protein digestibility corrected amino acid(PDCAA),and sensory acceptance of the pasta was observed.Banana-cassava composite flour(75:25)was blended with soy protein isolate or egg white protein at the following rates:0,5,10,and 15 g/100 g flour.Cooked pasta samples were analysed for total phenolic content(TPC),antioxidant activity,amino acid profiles,protein content,starch digestibility,protein digestibility and protein digestibility corrected amino acid score(PDCAAS).Addition of both proteins decreased starch digestibility,increased protein digestibility,improved the balance of the amino acid profile,and PDCAAS whereas only soy protein isolate enhanced the TPC and antioxidant capacity of the banana-cassava pasta.An egg white protein-fortified banana-cassava pasta had better customer acceptance and purchase intent than soy protein isolate inclusion.

First Record of Pristomerus pallidus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) (Kriechbaumer) Parasitizing Hellula undalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Crucifer Crop in Senegal

Cabbage is today an economically important crop grown in more than 90 countries around the world. Production is constantly threatened by pests including the cabbage webworm, Hellula undalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) which just one or two larvae can cause severe damage by infesting the growing points or shoots of young plants. Hellula undalis is difficult to control by the use of chemical insecticides. The establishment of effective biological control is needed. The parasitoid species Pristomerus pallidus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) was recorded for the first time in Senegal on larvae of Hellula undalis from cabbage fields infested with H. undalis. Laboratory observed parasitism was 7.4%. This is the first record of Pristomerus pallidus parasitizing Hellula undalis from Senegal. Furthermore, studies on the potential regulation of Hellula undalis under controlled and field conditions need to be evaluated for utilizing this parasitoid as a biocontrol agent against the cabbage webworm. .

Revolutionizing nitrogen fixation:communicating the potentials of nanostructured photocatalysts for sustainable ammonia/nitrate synthesis

Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation(PNF)using nanostructured materials is a promising approach that is likely to rival the most expensive and highenergy-demanding Harber-Bosch method of ammonia synthesis.This is because the process is deemed the most sustainable method of nitrogen fixation,through the direct production of ammonia and/or nitrate from water and atmospheric nitrogen with the aid of sunlight;and the system has zero emission of carbon dioxide.The PNF process is receiving much attention making it among the hot research topics in recent years.There is,however,a knowledge gap between the photocatalytic processes and the nanostructured photocatalyst.In this review,therefore,recent breakthroughs and achievements in the photocatalytic reaction processes were discussed.In addition,the nanostructured photocatalysts used in nitrogen fixation were discussed in detail.This includes the importance of the nanomaterials in photocatalysis,the types used in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation,and the synthesis methods of the nanomaterials.Also,limitations that affect the photocatalytic reaction processes as well as the ways of overcoming them such as the creation of oxygen,sulphur,and nitrogen vacancies,doping techniques,formation of heterojunctions,and the use of cocatalysts were all discussed in detail.From the aforementioned discussions,PNF could be seen as the most eco-friendly and sustainable method of nitrogen fixation.However,understanding the mechanisms of PNF is very critical to identifying and designing an efficient photocatalytic system.

Prediction of spatial soil loss impacted by long-term land-use/land-cover change in a tropical watershed

The devastating effect of soil erosion is one of the major sources of land degradation that affects human lives in many ways which occur mainly due to deforestation, poor agricultural practices, overgrazing,wildfire and urbanization. Soil erosion often leads to soil truncation, loss of fertility, slope instability, etc.which causes irreversible effects on the poorly renewable soil resource. In view of this, a study was conducted in Kelantan River basin to predict soil loss as influenced by long-term land use/land-cover(LULC) changes in the area. The study was conducted with the aim of predicting and assessing soil erosion as it is influenced by long-term LULC changes. The 13,100 km^2 watershed was delineated into four sub-catchments Galas, Pergau, Lebir and Nenggiri for precise result estimation and ease of execution. GIS-based Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE) model was used to predict soil loss in this study. The model inputs used for the temporal and spatial calculation of soil erosion include rainfall erosivity factor,topographic factor, land cover and management factor as well as erodibility factor. The results showed that 67.54% of soil loss is located under low erosion potential(reversible soil loss) or 0-1 t ha^(-1) yr^(-1) soil loss in Galas, 59.17% in Pergau, 53.32% in Lebir and 56.76% in Nenggiri all under the 2013 LULC condition.Results from the correlation of soil erosion rates with LULC changes indicated that cleared land in all the four catchments and under all LULC conditions(1984-2013) appears to be the dominant with the highest erosion losses. Similarly, grassland and forest were also observed to regulate erosion rates in the area. This is because the vegetation cover provided by these LULC types protects the soil from direct impact of rain drops which invariably reduce soil loss to the barest minimum. Overall, it was concluded that the results have shown the significance of LULC in the control of erosion. Maps generated from the study may be useful to planners and land use managers to take appropriate decisions for soil conservation.

Oxidative Stress, Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations in the Liver and Kidney of Female Rats Exposed to Low Doses of Deltamethrin (DM):A Molecular Assessment

Objective To evaluate histopathological alterations of the liver and kidney of female rats exposed to low doses of DM and its potential genotoxic activity. Methods Female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control （3 groups, 6 rats in each） and treatment groups （3 groups, 6 rats in each）. They were subjected to subcutaneous injections of DM （at doses of 0.003, 0.03, and 0.3 mg/kg bw/d） after 30, 45, and 60 d, respectively. Results Significant alterations were recorded in liver parenchyma induced by hepatic vacuolization, fragmented chromatin in nuclei, dilatation of sinusoids and congestions. Lesions within proximal and distal tubules were observed in the kidneys. Tissue congestions and severe alterations within glomeruli were visible. DM as a pyrethroid insecticide induced significant increase （P〈_O.05） of plasma MDA concentrations after 45 d. A significant increase （P_〈0.05） in plasma ALT （after 45 and 60 d） and AST （after 60 d） concentrations was recorded as compared to controls. During the whole experimental period the toxic agent provoked significant DNA damages （P〈0.05）, especially in the dominance of classes 3 and 4 of obtained comet. Conclusion DM even at a very low dose displays harmful effects by disrupting hepatic and renal function and causing DNA damages in puberscent female rats. Low doses of DM are hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic.

A time fractional model to represent rainfall process

This paper deals with a stochastic representation of the rainfall process. The analysis of a rainfall time series shows that cumulative representation of a rainfall time series can be modeled as a non-Gaussian random walk with a log-normal jump distribution and a time-waiting distribution following a tempered a-stable probability law. Based on the random walk model, a fractional Fokker-Planck equation （FFPE） with tempered a-stable waiting times was obtained. Through the comparison of observed data and simulated results from the random walk model and FFPE model with tempered a-stable waiting times, it can be concluded that the behavior of the rainfall process is globally reproduced, and the FFPE model with tempered a-stable waiting times is more efficient in reproducing the observed behavior.

The damage risk evaluation of Aphis gossypii on wheat by host shift and fitness comparison in wheat and cotton

Aphids are considered as one of the key pests for wheat production worldwide. Major aphid species that infest wheat in China include Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum and Metopolophium dirhodum. However, during our wheat field survey in Wenshang County of Shangdong＇Province, China, we observed that Aphis gossypii can feed on wheat. The damage risk of A. gossypii on wheat was assessed using host shift method. A population of A. gossypii collected from a wheat field in 2015 and another population reared on cotton under laboratory conditions for a decade without exposure to insecticides were used in the study. The results of host shift demonstrated that the A. gossypfi colony from wheat has not yet developed wheat specialization. Moreover, the assessment of A. gossypii fitness on wheat and cotton showed that fecundity and net reproductive rate of A. gossypii population fed on wheat was significantly higher comparing to the population fed on cotton, whether the initial host of A. gossypii population was wheat or cotton. This study raises a warning that the cotton aphid has potential to establish well on wheat and it may cause significant effects under specific circumstances. Therefore, future studies are required to evaluate the effects of A. gossypfi on wheat production.

Is it possible to save the environment and satisify consumers with artificial meat?

Our modern society is facing major challenges such as reducing world hunger by increasing protein resources despite an increase in protein demands due to the presence of more and more human beings on the earth. Other challenges include reducing potential environmental degradation due to human activities and also due to livestock. In addition to that, some people are concerned by reducing potential discomfort of animals on modern farms or maybe avoiding killing animals to eat them.

用于大肠杆菌消毒的负载型和悬浮型TiO_2催化剂的动力学和催化效率（英文）

TiO2‐mediated photocatalysis is widely used in a variety of applications and products in the envi‐ronmental and energy fields, including photoelectrochemical conversion, self‐cleaning surfaces, and especially water purification systems. The dimensionality of the structure of a TiO2 material can affect its properties, functions, and more specifically, its photocatalytic performance. In this work, the photocatalytic inactivation of Gram‐negative Escherichia coli using three photocatalysts, differ‐ing in their structure and other characteristics, was studied in a batch reactor under UVA light. The aim was to establish the disinfection efficiency of solid TiO2 compared with that of suspended cata‐lysts, widely considered as reference cases for photocatalytic water disinfection. The bacterial inac‐tivation profiles obtained showed that: (1) the photoinactivation was exclusively related to the quantity of photons retained per unit of treated volume, irrespective of the characteristics of the photocatalyst and the emitted light flux densities;(2) across the whole UV light range studied, each of the photocatalytic solids was able to achieve more than 2 log bacterial inactivation with less than 2 h UV irradiation;(3) none of the used catalysts achieved a total bacterial disinfection during the treatment time. For each of the catalysts the quantum yield has been assessed in terms of disinfec‐tion efficiency, the 2D material showed almost the same performance as those of suspended cata‐lysts. This catalyst is promising for supported photocatalysis applications.