Background: Real-time use of procedure videos as educational tools has not been studied. We sought to determine whether viewing a video of a medical procedure prior to procedure performance in the emergency department...Background: Real-time use of procedure videos as educational tools has not been studied. We sought to determine whether viewing a video of a medical procedure prior to procedure performance in the emergency department improves the quality of teaching of procedures, and whether videos are particularly beneficial during periods of emergency department crowding. Methods: In this single-centre, prospective, before and after study standardized data collection forms were completed by both trainees and supervising emergency physicians (EPs) at the end of each emergency department shift in the before (August 2008-March 2009) and after (August 2009-March 2010) phase. Online procedure videos were introduced on emergency department computers in the after phase. The primary outcome measure was EP rating of the quality of teaching provided (5-point Likert scale). The interaction between crowding and videos was also assessed, to determine whether videos provide a specific additional benefit during periods of emergency department crowding. Results: There were 1159 procedures performed by 192 trainees. Median procedures performed per shift was 1.0 (IQR 0 - 2.0). Mean EP rating of teaching provided was significantly higher in the group that viewed videos, at 4.2 versus 3.7 (p 0.001). In the adjusted analysis, EP ratings increased by 0.5 with a video (p 0.001), while the odds of a score of 5.0 were 2.2 times greater if a video was viewed (p = 0.03). The interaction of crowding and procedure videos was not significant (the use of videos increased the average score by 0.24 in times of crowding compared to times of non-crowding, p = 0.19). Conclusions: Use of procedural videos was associated with EP perception of improved quality of teaching provided around procedures. While EPs rated the quality of their teaching as improved overall, the effect of videos on teaching quality was the same in crowded settings as it was in non-crowded setting.展开更多
近年来实效性临床试验受到更多重视,尤其在传统医学临床评价研究领域。为了提高实效性临床试验报告的质量,CONSORT声明组和医疗保健体系中的实效性随机对照临床试验(pragmatic randomized controlled trials in health care systems,PRA...近年来实效性临床试验受到更多重视,尤其在传统医学临床评价研究领域。为了提高实效性临床试验报告的质量,CONSORT声明组和医疗保健体系中的实效性随机对照临床试验(pragmatic randomized controlled trials in health care systems,PRACTIHC)小组对《CONSORT声明》进行了修改,以帮助读者评估试验质量和结果的可靠性。实效性试验报告指南,作为《CONSORT声明》的一个特殊扩展,能在报告、评价和应用实效性试验方面帮助编辑、系统评价者、试验设计者和决策者评估实效性试验报告中的信息,判定其结论是否适用,以及干预措施是否可行、可否被接受。2005年1月和2008年3月,在加拿大多伦多分别举行了为期两天的会议来探讨提高随机对照试验对卫生保健决策贡献的方法,焦点集中于实效性试验。2005年会,后扩展版草案修订清单发送至编写组成员,经过几次修订,编写组起草了一份摘要草案。在2008年讨论并修改了这一草案。这份草案发给CONSORT声明组以供修改并发表。这份声明的扩展版提出了对8个条目的补充。及时向国内读者和临床试验研究人员介绍该指南有重要的现实意义和学术价值。北京中医药大学循证医学中心刘建平教授等在短时间内翻译了该指南。本刊希望通过介绍中文版"提高实效性临床试验报告的质量——《CONSORT声明》的扩展"以提高国内实效性临床试验报告的质量,相信也有助于改进试验设计的方法学质量。展开更多
Suicide is the second leading cause of death in youth globally; however, there is uncertainty about how best to intervene. Suicide rates are typically higher in males than females, while the converse is true for suici...Suicide is the second leading cause of death in youth globally; however, there is uncertainty about how best to intervene. Suicide rates are typically higher in males than females, while the converse is true for suicide attempts. We review this "gender paradox" in youth, and in particular, the age-dependency of these sex/gender differences and the developmental mechanisms that may explain them. Epidemiologic, genetic,neurodevelopmental and psychopathological research have identified suicidal behaviour risks arising from genetic vulnerabilities and sex/gender differences in early adverse environments, neurodevelopment, mental disorder and their complex interconnections. Further, evolving sex-/gender-defined social expectations and norms have been thought to influence suicide risk. In particular, how youth perceive and cope with threats and losses(including conforming to others' or one's own expectations of sex/gender identity) and adapt to pain(through substance use and helpseeking behaviours). Taken together, considering brain plasticity over the lifespan, these proposed antecedents to youth suicide highlight the importance of interventions that alter early environment(s)(e.g., childhood maltreatment) and/or one's ability to adapt to them. Further, such interventions may have more enduring protective effects, for the individual and for future generations, if implemented in youth.展开更多
This study examined whether people who self-reported depression sought mental health treatment in the year after being interviewed, and how gender affected utilization. Depression data were obtained from the Canadian ...This study examined whether people who self-reported depression sought mental health treatment in the year after being interviewed, and how gender affected utilization. Depression data were obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2000-01), and linked to medical records in Ontario (n = 24,677). Overall, women had higher rates of mental health service utilization, but there were no gender differences in rates of specialist care. The gender difference in mental health contact was greater for those without depression, as opposed to those with depression. Among those without depression, women were significantly more likely than men to use mental health services;however, rates were similar for women and men with depression. This finding suggests that men may be more likely than women to delay seeing a doctor for minor mental health concerns, but will seek help once a problem reaches a threshold.展开更多
文摘Background: Real-time use of procedure videos as educational tools has not been studied. We sought to determine whether viewing a video of a medical procedure prior to procedure performance in the emergency department improves the quality of teaching of procedures, and whether videos are particularly beneficial during periods of emergency department crowding. Methods: In this single-centre, prospective, before and after study standardized data collection forms were completed by both trainees and supervising emergency physicians (EPs) at the end of each emergency department shift in the before (August 2008-March 2009) and after (August 2009-March 2010) phase. Online procedure videos were introduced on emergency department computers in the after phase. The primary outcome measure was EP rating of the quality of teaching provided (5-point Likert scale). The interaction between crowding and videos was also assessed, to determine whether videos provide a specific additional benefit during periods of emergency department crowding. Results: There were 1159 procedures performed by 192 trainees. Median procedures performed per shift was 1.0 (IQR 0 - 2.0). Mean EP rating of teaching provided was significantly higher in the group that viewed videos, at 4.2 versus 3.7 (p 0.001). In the adjusted analysis, EP ratings increased by 0.5 with a video (p 0.001), while the odds of a score of 5.0 were 2.2 times greater if a video was viewed (p = 0.03). The interaction of crowding and procedure videos was not significant (the use of videos increased the average score by 0.24 in times of crowding compared to times of non-crowding, p = 0.19). Conclusions: Use of procedural videos was associated with EP perception of improved quality of teaching provided around procedures. While EPs rated the quality of their teaching as improved overall, the effect of videos on teaching quality was the same in crowded settings as it was in non-crowded setting.
文摘近年来实效性临床试验受到更多重视,尤其在传统医学临床评价研究领域。为了提高实效性临床试验报告的质量,CONSORT声明组和医疗保健体系中的实效性随机对照临床试验(pragmatic randomized controlled trials in health care systems,PRACTIHC)小组对《CONSORT声明》进行了修改,以帮助读者评估试验质量和结果的可靠性。实效性试验报告指南,作为《CONSORT声明》的一个特殊扩展,能在报告、评价和应用实效性试验方面帮助编辑、系统评价者、试验设计者和决策者评估实效性试验报告中的信息,判定其结论是否适用,以及干预措施是否可行、可否被接受。2005年1月和2008年3月,在加拿大多伦多分别举行了为期两天的会议来探讨提高随机对照试验对卫生保健决策贡献的方法,焦点集中于实效性试验。2005年会,后扩展版草案修订清单发送至编写组成员,经过几次修订,编写组起草了一份摘要草案。在2008年讨论并修改了这一草案。这份草案发给CONSORT声明组以供修改并发表。这份声明的扩展版提出了对8个条目的补充。及时向国内读者和临床试验研究人员介绍该指南有重要的现实意义和学术价值。北京中医药大学循证医学中心刘建平教授等在短时间内翻译了该指南。本刊希望通过介绍中文版"提高实效性临床试验报告的质量——《CONSORT声明》的扩展"以提高国内实效性临床试验报告的质量,相信也有助于改进试验设计的方法学质量。
基金Supported by The Canadian Institutes of Health Research,No.319379
文摘Suicide is the second leading cause of death in youth globally; however, there is uncertainty about how best to intervene. Suicide rates are typically higher in males than females, while the converse is true for suicide attempts. We review this "gender paradox" in youth, and in particular, the age-dependency of these sex/gender differences and the developmental mechanisms that may explain them. Epidemiologic, genetic,neurodevelopmental and psychopathological research have identified suicidal behaviour risks arising from genetic vulnerabilities and sex/gender differences in early adverse environments, neurodevelopment, mental disorder and their complex interconnections. Further, evolving sex-/gender-defined social expectations and norms have been thought to influence suicide risk. In particular, how youth perceive and cope with threats and losses(including conforming to others' or one's own expectations of sex/gender identity) and adapt to pain(through substance use and helpseeking behaviours). Taken together, considering brain plasticity over the lifespan, these proposed antecedents to youth suicide highlight the importance of interventions that alter early environment(s)(e.g., childhood maltreatment) and/or one's ability to adapt to them. Further, such interventions may have more enduring protective effects, for the individual and for future generations, if implemented in youth.
文摘This study examined whether people who self-reported depression sought mental health treatment in the year after being interviewed, and how gender affected utilization. Depression data were obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2000-01), and linked to medical records in Ontario (n = 24,677). Overall, women had higher rates of mental health service utilization, but there were no gender differences in rates of specialist care. The gender difference in mental health contact was greater for those without depression, as opposed to those with depression. Among those without depression, women were significantly more likely than men to use mental health services;however, rates were similar for women and men with depression. This finding suggests that men may be more likely than women to delay seeing a doctor for minor mental health concerns, but will seek help once a problem reaches a threshold.