The increasing volume of CO_(2) embodiment in international trade adds a layer of complexity to environmental policies and has raised arguments on the traditional production based responsibility for CO_(2) emissions.I...The increasing volume of CO_(2) embodiment in international trade adds a layer of complexity to environmental policies and has raised arguments on the traditional production based responsibility for CO_(2) emissions.In order to help understand the quantity of CO_(2) embodiment in trade and its policy implications,this paper gives observations to recently emerging literatures that quantitatively discuss CO_(2) embodiment in trade.The analytical approaches share the principle of using input and output modeling but vary dramatically in study boundary and estimation accuracy.The calculations can be roughly categorized into three types:direct quantification of CO_(2) embodiments in multiregional trade,direct quantification of CO_(2) embodiment in bilateral trade,and indirect analysis by comparing the scenarios with or without trade.The practical estimations strongly rely on trade partner selection and data availability.An obvious imbalance of net CO_(2) embodiment in the commodity trade between major developed countries and developing economies as a whole was confirmed by these literatures.Carbon taxes and other possible limitations on CO_(2) emissions have been addressed.The consistency across the calculations could be enhanced by systematic analyses in more detail to convince the international community to take binding commitments for the reduction of global CO_(2) emissions.展开更多
文摘The increasing volume of CO_(2) embodiment in international trade adds a layer of complexity to environmental policies and has raised arguments on the traditional production based responsibility for CO_(2) emissions.In order to help understand the quantity of CO_(2) embodiment in trade and its policy implications,this paper gives observations to recently emerging literatures that quantitatively discuss CO_(2) embodiment in trade.The analytical approaches share the principle of using input and output modeling but vary dramatically in study boundary and estimation accuracy.The calculations can be roughly categorized into three types:direct quantification of CO_(2) embodiments in multiregional trade,direct quantification of CO_(2) embodiment in bilateral trade,and indirect analysis by comparing the scenarios with or without trade.The practical estimations strongly rely on trade partner selection and data availability.An obvious imbalance of net CO_(2) embodiment in the commodity trade between major developed countries and developing economies as a whole was confirmed by these literatures.Carbon taxes and other possible limitations on CO_(2) emissions have been addressed.The consistency across the calculations could be enhanced by systematic analyses in more detail to convince the international community to take binding commitments for the reduction of global CO_(2) emissions.
